Design and Implementation of Low-Pass, High-Pass and Band-Pass Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters Using FPGA

This study provides design and implementation of four digital filters (low pass, high pass, band pass and band stop) for ECG (electrocardiogram) data on FPGA with MATLAB by a serial communication. The study is conducted with using ECG data which is obtained from PhysioBank Database platform. SysGen (System Generator for DSP) which is a toolbox for MATLAB is used for designing and implementing the digital filters. The aim of the study is to perform four different digital filters with various blocks on the SysGen Toolbox. The study then examines the results of four different digital filters.

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Finite Impulse Response Filters for Stagger-Period Signals, their Designs and Applications

European Journal of Information Technologies and Computer Science ◽

10.24018/compute.2021.1.1.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xubao Zhang

Keyword(s):

Impulse Response ◽

Linear Prediction ◽

Finite Impulse Response ◽

Fir Filters ◽

Analysis And Design ◽

Finite Impulse Response Filters ◽

Improvement Factor ◽

Impulse Response Filters ◽

The Fourier Transform ◽

High Pass

Those theories of conventional filters for uniform-period signals do not apply to the analysis and design of the finite impulse response (FIR) filters for stagger-period signals. In this paper, we defined the fundamental concepts related to the stagger-period signals, derived the calculating equations, and described the time-variant property of the stagger-period filter; we proposed the Fourier transform pair between the frequency and impulse responses of this type filter, and proved the inverse of each other. Then, we discussed the design methods of stagger-period frequency-selective FIR filters, including lowpass, bandpass, and high-pass, presented the staggered windowing philosophies, illustrated different windows’ effectiveness, and described the principles and designs of optimized stagger-period high-pass filters with the match algorithm. As applications, we introduced three staggered optimization algorithms: eigenvalue, match, and linear prediction; and discussed performances of the filters designed for a moving target indication (MTI) radar. The stagger-period MTI filters not only extended the blind speed of flying targets, but also had an optimized improvement factor. Finally, we proposed a mathematical programming to search the best period code, which makes this type filter’s velocity response flattened. Meanwhile, we compared properties of the stagger-period to uniform-period filters, and provided with some examples to illustrate the theories and designs.

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Finite Impulse Response Filters for Stagger-Period Signals, their Designs and Applications

European Journal of Information Technologies and Computer Science ◽

10.24018/compute.2020.1.1.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xubao Zhang

Keyword(s):

Impulse Response ◽

Linear Prediction ◽

Finite Impulse Response ◽

Fir Filters ◽

Analysis And Design ◽

Finite Impulse Response Filters ◽

Improvement Factor ◽

Impulse Response Filters ◽

The Fourier Transform ◽

High Pass

Those theories of conventional filters for uniform-period signals do not apply to the analysis and design of the finite impulse response (FIR) filters for stagger-period signals. In this paper, we defined the fundamental concepts related to the stagger-period signals, derived the calculating equations, and described the time-variant property of the stagger-period filter; we proposed the Fourier transform pair between the frequency and impulse responses of this type filter, and proved the inverse of each other. Then, we discussed the design methods of stagger-period frequency-selective FIR filters, including lowpass, bandpass, and high-pass, presented the staggered windowing philosophies, illustrated different windows’ effectiveness, and described the principles and designs of optimized stagger-period high-pass filters with the match algorithm. As applications, we introduced three staggered optimization algorithms: eigenvalue, match, and linear prediction; and discussed performances of the filters designed for a moving target indication (MTI) radar. The stagger-period MTI filters not only extended the blind speed of flying targets, but also had an optimized improvement factor. Finally, we proposed a mathematical programming to search the best period code, which makes this type filter’s velocity response flattened. Meanwhile, we compared properties of the stagger-period to uniform-period filters, and provided with some examples to illustrate the theories and designs.

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On a Design of Narrowband FIR Low-Pass Filters

Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Second Edition ◽

10.4018/978-1-60566-026-4.ch460 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 2882-2887

Author(s):

Gordana Jovanovic Dolecek ◽

Javier Diaz Carmona

Keyword(s):

Impulse Response ◽

High Frequency ◽

Digital Filters ◽

Stop Band ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Pass Band ◽

Low Pass ◽

Frequency Components ◽

Band Pass ◽

High Pass

Stearns and David (1996) states that “for many diverse applications, information is now most conveniently recorded, transmitted, and stored in digital form, and as a result, digital signal processing (DSP) has become an exceptionally important modern tool.” Typical operation in DSP is digital filtering. Frequency selective digital filter is used to pass desired frequency components in a signal without distortion and to attenuate other frequency components (Smith, 2002; White, 2000). The pass-band is defined as the frequency range allowed to pass through the filter. The frequency band that lies within the filter stop-band is blocked by the filter and therefore eliminated from the output signal. The range of frequencies between the pass-band and the stop-band is called the transition band and for this region no filter specification is given. Digital filters can be characterized either in terms of the frequency response or the impulse response (Diniz, da Silva & Netto, 2002). Depending on its frequency characteristic, a digital filter is either low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, or band-stop filters. A low-pass (LP) filter passes low frequency components to the output, while eliminating high-frequency components. Conversely, the high-pass (HP) filter passes all high-frequency components and rejects all low-frequency components. The band-pass (BP) filter blocks both low- and high-frequency components while passing the intermediate range. The band-stop (BS) filter eliminates the intermediate band of frequencies while passing both low- and high-frequency components. In terms of their impulse responses digital filters are either infinite impulse response (IIR) or finite impulse response (FIR) digital filters. Each of four types of filters (LP, HP, BP, and BS) can be designed as an FIR or an IIR filter (Ifeachor & Jervis, 2001; Mitra, 2005; Oppenheim & Schafer, 1999).

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CURRENT-MODE ACTIVE-C FILTER EMPLOYING REDUCED NUMBER OF CCCII+s

Journal of Circuits System and Computers ◽

10.1142/s0218126607003782 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 16 (04) ◽

pp. 507-516 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

SHAHRAM MINAEI ◽

ERKAN YUCE

Keyword(s):

Current Mode ◽

Pass Band ◽

Passive Component ◽

Resistorless Filter ◽

Low Pass ◽

Component Matching ◽

Band Pass ◽

High Output Impedance ◽

Quality Factor Q ◽

High Pass

In this paper, a universal current-mode second-order active-C filter for simultaneously realizing low-pass, band-pass and high-pass responses is proposed. The presented filter employs only three plus-type second-generation current-controlled conveyors (CCCII+s). This filter needs no critical active and passive component matching conditions and no additional active and passive elements for realizing high output impedance low-pass, band-pass and high-pass characteristics. The angular resonance frequency (ω0) and quality factor (Q) of the proposed resistorless filter can be tuned electronically. To verify the theoretical analysis and to exhibit the performance of the proposed filter, it is simulated with SPICE program.

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NOVEL VOLTAGE-MODE UNIVERSAL FILTER USING ONLY TWO CDBAs

Journal of Circuits System and Computers ◽

10.1142/s0218126605002118 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 14 (01) ◽

pp. 159-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

SUDHANSHU MAHESHWARI ◽

IQBAL A. KHAN

Keyword(s):

Pass Band ◽

Universal Filter ◽

Input Selection ◽

Voltage Mode ◽

Single Output ◽

Control Computer ◽

Low Pass ◽

Band Pass ◽

Pass Through ◽

High Pass

A novel voltage-mode universal filter employing only two current differencing buffered amplifiers (CDBAs) is proposed. The filter uses four inputs and single output to realize six responses, viz. low-pass, high-pass, inverting band-pass, noninverting band-pass, band-elimination, and all-pass through input selection with independent pole-Q control. Computer simulation results using SPICE are also given to verify the theory.

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Gaussian Circular 2D FIR Filters Designed Using Analytical Approach

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING ◽

10.37394/232014.2020.16.14 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Keyword(s):

Analytical Approach ◽

Design Procedure ◽

Peak Frequency ◽

Fir Filters ◽

Chebyshev Series ◽

Analytical Design ◽

Frequency Transformation ◽

Low Pass ◽

Band Pass ◽

2D Fir Filters

This paper proposes an analytical design procedure for a particular class of 2D filters, namelyGaussian-shaped, circularly-symmetric FIR filters. We approach both low-pass and band-pass circular filters,which are adjustable in selectivity and peak frequency. The design starts from a given 1D Gaussian prototypefilter, approximated using the Chebyshev series. A frequency transformation is applied to derive the circularfilter. Several design examples are provided for both types of filters. The filters designed through this methodare efficient, their frequency response results in a factored or nested form, convenient for implementation.

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Функциональные оптические элементы и устройства терагерцовой фотоники на основе метаповерхностей

10.34077/rcsp2019-84 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 84-84

Keyword(s):

Low Pass ◽

Band Pass ◽

High Pass

Освоение диапазона терагерцовых (ТГц) частот электромагнитного спектра (0,1–10 ТГц) делает актуальными задачи разработки и изготовления эффективных оптических элементов для управления характеристиками пучков ТГц-излучения. С инструментальной точки зрения данный спектральный диапазон, соответствующий интервалу длин волн 30÷3000 мкм, удобно позиционирован между примыкающими к нему СВЧ и ИК областями, поскольку позволяет сочетать в терагерцовой аппаратуре инструментальные решения как оптической, так и микроволновой техники. Примером таких решений служат тонкие планарные метало-диэлектрические структуры субволновой топологии, известные в технологии метаматериалов как «метаповерхности» (МП). МП являются, как правило, резонансными электродинамическими структурами, которые эксплуатируются в режиме, когда их характерные резонансные частоты лежат значительно ниже точки возбуждения высших дифракционных гармоник, что отличает такие структуры от дифракционных решеток. Последнее достигается малостью периода расположения элементарных ячеек МП в ее латеральной плоскости в сравнении с рабочей длиной волны. Существенно, что амплитудные, фазовые и поляризационные характеристики МП в заданной полосе частот определяются дизайном ее ячеек, соответствующий выбор которого обеспечивает требуемые функциональные свойства МП-устройств. Последние выгодно сочетают малость толщины/веса и высокую эффективность, которая зачастую не может быть достигнута в рамках решений классической оптики. При этом в ТГц-диапазоне характерный размер элементов топологического рисунка МП в большинстве случаев составляет от нескольких единиц до сотен мкм, что позволяет применять для его производства сравнительно недорогие и хорошо отработанные литографические технологии. В настоящем докладе представлен обзор экспериментальных результатов по разработке оптических элементов и устройств на основе метаповерхностей традиционных и новых конфигураций, которые предназначены как для автономного применения, так и для интеграции с различными метрологическими системами, работающими в области частот от сотни ГГц до нескольких ТГц. Составляя неотъемлемую часть российской элементной базы радиофотоники, разработанные элементы в ряде случаев опережают по функциональным характеристикам отечественные и зарубежные аналоги. Обсуждаются вопросы электродинамического моделирования, технологического производства, спектральной характеризации, а также практического использования следующих типов терагерцовых МП-устройств и систем на их основе: 1) частотные фильтры различных видов: band-pass, low-pass, high-pass; дихроичные мультиплексоры пучков излучения; спектрорадиометрические системы на базе полосовых фильтров; 2) поляризаторы; преобразователи фазы и поляризации; 3) плоские фокусирующие элементы, включая голографические структуры; 4) ультратонкие резонансные поглотители и тепловые детекторы на их основе, включая многоканальные пироэлектрические линейки для спектральных и поляризационных измерений с пространственным разрешением; 5) перестраиваемые ЖК-устройства на основе высокоимпедансных поверхностей; 6) сенсоры тонкопленочных аналитов, включая SEIRA-структуры.

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A New Tunable SISO Filter Designed in 40nm CMOS for Bilateral Inverse and Buffer Filtering Applications

Journal of Circuits System and Computers ◽

10.1142/s0218126621502406 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2150240

Author(s):

Umar Mohammad ◽

Fang Tang ◽

Shu Zhou ◽

Mohd Yusuf Yasin

Keyword(s):

Simulation Analysis ◽

Pass Band ◽

Single Input Single Output ◽

Change Of Direction ◽

Single Output ◽

Low Pass ◽

Single Input ◽

Band Pass ◽

Parasitic Components ◽

High Pass

A new study imitating the design and implementation of single-input–single-output (SISO) filters as bilateral filters has been presented in this paper. Second generation current controlled current conveyor (CCCII), being a popular low power active element was considered for the realization of the proposed design. Complete design, analysis and implementation of the voltage mode SISO filter was done using only two CCCII’s and two passive parasitic components. The striking feature of this work is that the proposed design can be made to work at either the input node or the output node, as well as in the cases; the change of direction changes the filter into an inverse filter and buffer filter. Basic filter applications like low-pass, high-pass, band-pass and band-stop were aimed to check the uniformity of the proposed design at different frequencies. Results perceived from the simulation study were fare enough on both the side nodes of the proposed design. Categorically, the circuit can be aimed to work in lieu of a filter transceiver. The consistency of the circuit was analyzed by the nodal analysis. Whereas the working performance was enormously analyzed and evaluated during the simulation analysis. The proposed design was simulated in HSPICE tool to exhibit and exploit the delivery, using the 45[Formula: see text]nm predictive technology model (PTM) parameters, with [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V rail to rail voltages. Maximum power consumption of the circuit is around 138.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W. Finally, the design was also implemented in Cadence Virtuoso using 40[Formula: see text]nm SMIC parameters.

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