An Approach to the Anthropological Theory of the Qur’an and Hadith and Their Roles in Reducing Environmental Degradation

Background: According to the Qur’an, man is the servant and the successor of Allah, the representative of prosperity on earth, and has the responsibility for the universe. This approach will create a constructive human interaction with the environment. Environmental degradation is against the will of Allah. It originates from ignorance, human selfishness, passions, and evil temptations, manifest in greed, arrogance, and extravagance. If humans control these abnormal factors and follow Qur’an teachings, they will enjoy a healthy environment that is a universal right. This paper seeks to study the anthropological theory of the Qur’an and its role in reducing environmental degradation. Methods: Based on the descriptive-analytical design, we explored 70 verses of the Holy Qur’an in which the words samā’, ‘ard, mas’ūl, khalīfah, shaytān, and those are cognate with the Arabic verbs sa-khkha-ra, ha-ra-sa, sa-ra-fa, ki-ba-ra, ha-wā, ‘a-ba-da, and ‘a-ma-ra, as well as the related articles, books, and philological and exegetical sources. We investigated the Qur’an to find the effect of awareness and more attention of human beings to the dimensions of man’s creation to reduce environmental degradation. These issues will be discussed in two parts: 1) the anthropology and the dimensions of human creation in the Qur’an, and 2) the causes of environmental degradation. Results: This study showed that the survival of life and human enjoyment of a healthy environment depends on enough knowledge of oneself, seeking help from Allah, and following the Qur’anic guidelines. These facts effectively control internal and external causes of environmental degradation, including ignorance, egoism, selfishness, and evil temptations. These actions destroy the roots of greed, arrogance, and extravagance in human beings. For this reason, Allah demands humans to develop earth, care for and rescue it from any destruction, avoid extravagance, and observe justice. Conclusion: Meditating in the Qur’an, the man knows his creative dimensions and environmental degradation factors that are incompatible with nature and are rooted in some of the inner and outer dimensions of human personality. Hence, he will consciously enjoy sustainable development and maintaining a healthy environment. This behavior will then reduce anomalies in the environment on his part.

A comparative study on the performance of SSDR coreless AFPM generators with conventional and Halbach magnet arrays

An axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) generator is known to be a good candidate for both low- and high-speed applications. In this paper, a comprehensive comparison of four coreless AFPM generators is presented with conventional and Halbach magnet arrangement combined with iron and ironless rotor (epoxy). With the same coreless stator structure, four different AFPM generators with different rotor magnet arrangement and materials are compared in terms of voltage, current, power, machine weight, and power density. The analytical design approach is first presented and is subsequently validated using ANSYS Maxwell electromagnetic finite element analysis (FEA) software. Results show that AFPM machine with fully coreless topology using Halbach array with epoxy rotor can deliver similar power density but has a lower cost compared to conventional magnet array with iron rotor. Hence, this topology is favorable for low power low cost applications.

THE PERFORMANCE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HIGH AND LOW SALES TURNOVER COMMUNITY PHARMACIES

Background: Pharmacy managers will make various efforts to increase their income. In spite of this, pharmacies that have the same facilities can generate greatly varied incomes.Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between high sales turnover pharmacies and low sales turnover pharmacies as observed through employee motivation, organizational culture, and patient satisfaction.Methods: This study used an analytical design with a questionnaire and checklist. Consumers were selected using the purposive sampling system to assess patient satisfaction. All employees were sampled to assess work motivation and organizational culture. Data analysis was performed using descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate testing.Results: Direct observation of pharmaceutical services from the two outlets shows that there were differences in the time it takes for pharmacist to retrieve the drug, the time for providing drug information, collecting information from patients, and the type of drug information provided, as well as employee motivation, organizational culture, and patient satisfaction.Conclusion: Services at pharmacies with high sales turnover are different from pharmacies with low sales turnover. Empathy has the greatest effect on sales turnover, followed by reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and tangible dimensions. Outlets that have high sales turnover have better organizational culture and higher employee motivation when compared to outlets that have low sales turnover. Keywords: motivation, organizational culture, patient satisfaction, sales turnover

Analytical Design of Irregular Buildings founded on soft soil

In modern day, due to the need of unique architectural appearance or aesthetics of building, irregularities in mass, stiffness and symmetry may get disturbed, making the whole structure vulnerable to certain damages either minor or major. Some of the functional considerations of these structures are use of ground floor as car parking in residential buildings, use of basement as car parking in malls, etc. Seismic range is one the most important factors to be considered to analyze any irregular structure. In this study, the design of different G+6 structures having vertical regularity was done. These irregular structure models were compared with a regular G+6 structure having similar properties as other structures. For the designing and analysis of these structures, use of StaadPro software was done. It is one of the most used software, whenever it comes to the digital analysis of any structure. Different types of Vertical irregularities like mass irregularity, Vertical Setback Irregularity, Stiffness Irregularity (Discontinuous Column, Middle weak storey and Bottom Weak Storey) were considered for the analysis. The Seismic Zone for the structure is considered to be Delhi (Seismic Zone IV) with a Seismic Factor of 0.24. All the model structures were compared for the parameters of their Storey Drift and Storey Displacement. For irregular buildings though, certain damages/fatigue may be observed in some structures but the structures will not fail and will be serviceable for a long time with proper care. It was observed that the structures with stiffness irregularity showed the most increase in storey displacement and storey drift values.