Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Mitogen-activated protein kinases, which play a crucial role in signal transduction, are activated by phosphorylation in response to a variety of mitogenic signals. In the present study, the authors used Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry to show that phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p-ERK) and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (p-JNK), but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, significantly increased in both the neurons and astrocytes after traumatic brain injury in the rat hippocampus. Different immunoreactivities of p-ERK and p-JNK were observed in the pyramidal cell layers and dentate hilar cells immediately after traumatic brain injury. Immunoreactivity for p-JNK was uniformly induced but was only transiently induced throughout all pyramidal cell layers. However, strong immunoreactivity for p-ERK was observed in the dentate hilar cells and the damaged CA3 neurons, along with the appearance of pyknotic morphologic changes. In addition, immunoreactivity for p-ERK was seen in astrocytes surrounding dentate and CA3 pyramidal neurons 6 hours after traumatic brain injury. These findings suggest that ERK and JNK but not p38 cascades may be closely involved in signal transduction in the rat hippocampus after traumatic brain injury.

Download Full-text

Room F, 10/16/2000 9: 00 AM - 11: 00 AM (PS) Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signalling Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-200009001-00712 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 93 (3A) ◽

pp. A-712

Author(s):

Daniel Talmor ◽

Alan A. Artru ◽

Rony Seger ◽

Tami Hanoc ◽

Yoram Shapira

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Protein Kinase ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein ◽

Protein Kinase Signalling

Download Full-text

Dopamine Prevents Impairment of Autoregulation After Traumatic Brain Injury in the Newborn Pig Through Inhibition of Up-regulation of Endothelin-1 and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine ◽

10.1097/pcc.0b013e3182712b44 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. e103-e111 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

William M. Armstead ◽

John Riley ◽

Monica S. Vavilala

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Protein Kinase ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase ◽

Endothelin 1 ◽

Extracellular Signal ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein

Download Full-text

Downregulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Attenuation of Edema via Inhibition of ERK Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase in Traumatic Brain Injury

Journal of Neurotrauma ◽

10.1089/089771502320914642 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 1411-1419 ◽

Cited By ~ 95

Author(s):

Tatsuro Mori ◽

Xiaoying Wang ◽

Toshiaki Aoki ◽

Eng H. Lo

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Protein Kinase ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein ◽

Metalloproteinase 9

Download Full-text

Neuroprotective effects of ebselen in traumatic brain injury model: involvement of nitric oxide and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathway

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology ◽

10.1111/1440-1681.12186 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 134-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Liang Wei ◽

Yanfei Zhang ◽

Cheng Yang ◽

Qi Wang ◽

Zhongwei Zhuang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Protein Kinase ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Traumatic Brain Injury Model ◽

Injury Model ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein ◽

Protein Kinase Signalling

Download Full-text

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibition in Traumatic Brain Injury: In Vitro and In Vivo Effects

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1097/00004647-200204000-00008 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 444-452 ◽

Cited By ~ 124

Author(s):

Tatsuro Mori ◽

Xiaoying Wang ◽

Jae-Chang Jung ◽

Toshihisa Sumii ◽

Aneesh B. Singhal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Protein Kinase ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Acute Injury ◽

Mechanical Trauma ◽

P38 Kinase ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein

The authors provide the first in vitro and in vivo evidence that perturbations in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal-transduction pathways are involved in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. In primary rat cortical cultures, mechanical trauma induced a rapid and selective phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 kinase, whereas there was no detectable change in the c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Treatment with PD98059, which inhibits MAPK/ERK 1/2, the upstream activator of ERK, significantly increased cell survival in vitro. The p38 kinase and JNK inhibitor SB203580 had no protective effect. Similar results were obtained in vivo using a controlled cortical impact model of traumatic injury in mouse brain. Rapid and selective upregulation occurred in ERK and p38 pathways with no detectable changes in JNK. Confocal immunohistochemistry showed that phospho-ERK colocalized with the neuronal nuclei marker but not the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein. Inhibition of the ERK pathway with PD98059 resulted in a significant reduction of cortical lesion volumes 7 days after trauma. The p38 kinase and JNK inhibitor SB203580 had no detectable beneficial effect. These data indicate that critical perturbations in MAPK pathways mediate cerebral damage after acute injury, and further suggest that ERK is a novel therapeutic target in traumatic brain injury.

Download Full-text

Activation of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Enhances Hippocampus Neurogenesis in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury: An Involvement of MEK/Erk Signaling Pathway

Neural Plasticity ◽

10.1155/2016/8072156 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yuqin Ye ◽

Zhenyu Zhao ◽

Hongyu Xu ◽

Xin Zhang ◽

Xinhong Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Erk Signaling ◽

Future Research ◽

Extracellular Signal ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein ◽

Sphingosine 1 Phosphate

Among sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) family, S1PR1 has been shown to be the most highly expressed subtype in neural stem cells (NSCs) and plays a crucial role in the migratory property of NSCs. Recent studies suggested that S1PR1 was expressed abundantly in the hippocampus, a specific neurogenic region in rodent brain for endogenous neurogenesis throughout life. However, the potential association between S1PR1 and neurogenesis in hippocampus following traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains unknown. In this study, the changes of hippocampal S1PR1 expression after TBI and their effects on neurogenesis and neurocognitive function were investigated, focusing on particularly the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) signaling pathway which had been found to regulate multiple properties of NSCs. The results showed that a marked upregulation of S1PR1 occurred with a peak at 7 days after trauma, revealing an enhancement of proliferation and neuronal differentiation of NSCs in hippocampus due to S1PR1 activation. More importantly, it was suggested that mitogen-activated protein kinase-Erk kinase (MEK)/Erk cascade was required for S1PR1-meidated neurogenesis and neurocognitive recovery following TBI. This study lays a preliminary foundation for future research on promoting hippocampal neurogenesis and improving TBI outcome.

Download Full-text