AbstractSevere locomotor impairment is a common phenotype of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Drosophila models of PD, studied from more than a decade, have helped in understanding the interaction between various genetic factors, such as parkin and PINK1, in this disease. To characterize locomotor behavioural phenotypes for these genes, fly climbing assays have been widely used. While these simple current assays for locomotor defects in Drosophila mutants measure some locomotor phenotypes well, it is possible that detection of subtle changes in behaviour is important to understand the early manifestation of locomotor disorders. We introduce a novel climbing behaviour assay which provides such fine-scale behavioural data and tests this proposition for the Drosophila model. We use this inexpensive, fully automated, high resolution assay to quantitatively characterize the parameters of climbing behaviour in three contexts. First, we characterize wild type flies and uncover a hitherto unknown sexual dimorphism in climbing behaviour. Second, we study climbing behaviour of heterozygous mutants of genes implicated in the fly PD model and reveal previously unreported prominent locomotor defects in some of these heterozygous fly lines. Finally, we study locomotor defects in a homozygous proprioceptory mutation (Trp-γ1) known to affect fine motor control in Drosophila. Moreover, we identify aberrant geotactic behaviour in Trp-γ1 mutants, thereby opening up a finer assay for geotaxis and its genetic basis. Our assay is therefore a cost-effective, general tool for measuring locomotor behaviours of wild type and mutant flies in fine detail and can reveal mild motor defects.Significance statementFine control of neuronal activity is required for proper motor output. Severe locomotor impairment is a common result of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). The fruitfly, Drosophila, has been widely used as a model system to study the genetics of these disorders and simple climbing assays have been used to study the behavioural phenotypes of mutations in these genes. Here we introduce a novel, fully automated, high resolution climbing behaviour assay and use this assay to characterize climbing behaviour in wild type flies and in various fly mutant lines related to PD and defects in proprioception. Our assay is a general tool for measuring locomotor behaviours of flies in fine detail and can reveal very mild motor defects.
POSTURAL CLIMBING BEHAVIOUR OF DIDELPHID MARSUPIALS: PARALLELS WITH PRIMATES
