Diagnosis of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis with a Dot-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

ABSTRACT A diagnostic method has been developed to detect anti-Leishmania donovani immunoglobulin G (IgG) in urine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In measuring anti-L. donovani IgG, IgA, and IgM in urine, the method performed best in the detection of IgG. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were determined with panels of urine samples from 62 visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients, 59 healthy controls from areas of endemicity, 53 healthy controls from areas of nonendemicity, 59 malaria patients, 13 tuberculosis patients, 23 cutaneous leishmaniasis patients, and 7 patients with other diseases. Using L. donovani promastigote crude antigen, the test had 93.5% sensitivity (58 positives of 62 VL patient samples) and 89.3% specificity (191 negatives of 214 non-VL patient samples). The ELISA with acetone-treated L. donovani promastigote antigen raised the sensitivity and specificity to 95.0 and 95.3%, respectively. Western blot analysis revealed that most of the samples that cross-reacted with crude antigen in ELISA did not recognize any antigenic component of L. donovani crude antigen. We also checked 40 serum samples from the same group of VL patients for anti-L. donovani IgG and got 90.0% sensitivity with both crude and acetone-treated antigens. As collection of urine is much easier than collection of serum, the detection of anti-L. donovani IgG in urine with acetone-treated antigen will be useful in epidemiological studies. It could be an adjunct of laboratory diagnosis.

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Dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA): Comparison with standard ELISA and complement fixation assays for the diagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/0304-4017(84)90094-3 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 14 (3-4) ◽

pp. 239-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Michael G. Pappas ◽

Ruta Hajkowski ◽

Louis T. Cannon ◽

Wayne T. Hockmeyer

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Complement Fixation ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Dot Elisa

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Use of a Newly Developed β-Mercaptoethanol Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay To Diagnose Visceral Leishmaniasis in Patients in Eastern Sudan

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00313-07 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 1592-1595 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Durria Mansour ◽

Elfadil M. Abass ◽

Mohamed el Mutasim ◽

Abdelhafeiz Mahamoud ◽

Abdallah el Harith

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Leishmania Donovani ◽

Clinical Evidence ◽

High Reliability ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Direct Agglutination Test ◽

Symptomatic Group ◽

Eastern Sudan

ABSTRACT Corroboration of serology results is essential for restricting the risk of inappropriate antileishmanial prescription. A direct agglutination test (DAT) and a recently developed β-mercaptoethanol-modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (β-ME ELISA) based on the use of antigen prepared as described for the DAT were applied to 416 sera from two Sudanese populations with and without clinical evidence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Of 285 sera with the lowest antileishmanial DAT titers (≤1:100 to 1:1,600), 270 (94.7%) scored comparable minimum β-ME ELISA absorbance values (≤0.1 to 0.26). In 117 sera that demonstrated the highest DAT titers (1:12,800 to ≥1:25,600), 86 (73.5%) scored maximum (0.81 to ≥1.35) and 30 (25.6%) medium (0.27 to 0.80) β-ME ELISA absorbance values. VL diagnosis was established for 142 (44.1%) patients in the VL-symptomatic group (n = 322), based on positive microscopy for Leishmania donovani in lymph node aspirates or positive DAT (titer, ≥1:3,200). Of the 125 sera from the symptomatic patients for whom microscopy was positive for VL, 111 (88.8%) had comparable positive DAT and β-ME ELISA readings. In all 17 sera from the symptomatic DAT-positive patients for whom leishmaniasis was not established by microscopy but who responded favorably to antileishmanial therapy, absorbance values (≥0.27) indicative of VL were obtained by β-ME ELISA. Of 197 symptomatic patients for whom microscopy was negative for VL, 172 (87.3%) tested negative in β-ME ELISA and 180 (91.4%) in DAT. Based on the high reliability demonstrated here for VL detection, β-ME ELISA fulfills the requirement of confirming DAT results in patients manifesting suspected VL.

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Canine visceral leishmaniasis: perception, prevalence, and spatial distribution in municipality of Nossa Senhora do Livramento, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612020017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Matheus Roberto Carvalho ◽

Álvaro Felipe de Lima Ruy Dias ◽

Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira de Almeida ◽

Mário Ribeiro Alves ◽

Adilson Santos Paes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Rapid Test ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Spatially Distributed ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Leishmania Spp

Abstract The midwest region of Brazil has witnessed an increase in the number of cases of human (HVL) and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the population’s perception of these diseases, factors associated with CVL, its spatial distribution, and the prevalence of anti-Leishmania spp. in 385 dogs, determined using a commercially available immunochromatographic rapid test and confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of the 385 samples, 54 were positive for CVL and confirmed by ELISA, corresponding to a prevalence of 14%. Knowledge of signs of CVL by tutors (p = 0.038); previous occurrence of CVL in the vicinity (p = 0.022); symptomatic dog(s) (p = 0.014), splenomegaly (p = 0.055), and ear ulcer(s) (p = 0.059) were significantly associated with CVL. The results revealed a significant prevalence of CVL spatially distributed in rural and urban contexts. The association between environmentally related variables and perception and the occurrence of CVL underscores the importance of implementing control and prevention strategies primarily focused on environmental management and health education activities.

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