Diesel Vehicle with Ultra-Low NOx Emissions on the Road

Introduction. One of the most pressing socio-economic problems is the state of the environment, which affects the living conditions of many people. The article deals with the problem areas of the intersection of 20-ya Liniya street – Sholokhov Avenue in Rostov-on-Don. Problem Statement. The purpose of this paper is to improve environmental safety at the intersection of 20-ya Liniya street – Sholokhov Avenue in Rostov-on-Don by reducing emissions from road transport through the proposed measures to reorganize traffic on this section of the road network. Theoretical Part. The article provides an assessment of environmental and road safety on the road network section before applying the proposed measures. The measures are listed and justified that would help improve the conditions for road transport at the selected intersection and reduce emissions from road transport, which would improve environmental safety. The calculation of environmental indicators was made after the proposed measures to reduce NOx emissions by cars. Conclusion. The article analyzes the environmental indicators before and after the events, and then compares them. Based on the analysis and calculations, it is determined how much the proposed measures to optimize traffic will help reduce NOx emissions by cars.

Download Full-text

On the road to NOx emissions trading

The Electricity Journal ◽

10.1016/1040-6190(95)90178-7 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 80-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Susan M. Tikalsky ◽

Joseph M. Kramer ◽

Robert Patrick

Keyword(s):

Emissions Trading ◽

Nox Emissions ◽

The Road ◽

On The Road

Download Full-text

Assessment of Gaseous and Particulate Emissions of a Euro 6d-Temp Diesel Vehicle Driven >1300 km Including Six Diesel Particulate Filter Regenerations

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos11060645 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 645 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Victor Valverde ◽

Barouch Giechaskiel

Keyword(s):

Average Distance ◽

Short Interval ◽

Background Level ◽

Particulate Filter ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

Particulate Emissions ◽

Nox Emissions ◽

Diesel Particulate ◽

The Road ◽

On The Road

Diesel-fueled vehicles have classically had high particulate and NOx emissions. The introduction of Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) and Selective Catalytic Reduction for NOx (SCR) systems have decreased the Particle Number (PN) and NOx emissions, respectively, to very low levels. However, there are concerns regarding the emissions released during the periodic DPF regenerations, which are necessary to clean the filters. The absolute emission levels and the frequency of the regenerations determine the contribution of regenerations, but where they happen (city or highway) is also important due to different contributions to human exposure. In this study, we measured regulated and non-regulated emissions of a Euro 6d-temp vehicle both in the laboratory and on the road. PN and NOx emissions were similar in the laboratory and on-the road, ranging around 1010 p/km and 50 mg/km, respectively. Six regeneration events took place during the 1300 km driven, with an average distance between regeneration events of only 200 km. During regeneration events, the laboratory limits for PN and NOx, although not applicable, were exceeded in one of the two measured events. However, the on-road emissions were below the applicable not-to-exceed limits when regenerations occurred. The weighted PN and NOx emissions over the regeneration distance were approximately two times below the applicable limits. The N2O emissions were <14 mg/km and NH3 at instrument background level (<1 ppm), reaching 8 ppm only during regeneration. The results of this study indicate that due to the short interval between regenerations, studies of diesel vehicles should report the emissions during regeneration events.

Download Full-text

Simulation of Optimal Driving for Minimization of Fuel Consumption or NOx Emissions in a Diesel Vehicle

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14175513 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (17) ◽

pp. 5513

Author(s):

Pablo Fernández-Yáñez ◽

José A. Soriano ◽

Carmen Mata ◽

Octavio Armas ◽

Benjamín Pla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Nox Reduction ◽

Nox Emissions ◽

Fuel Reduction ◽

Fuel Savings ◽

The Road ◽

Consumption Reduction ◽

Optimal Driving ◽

Diesel Vehicle ◽

Average Consumption

Significant reduction in fuel consumption and NOx emissions can be achieved just by changing the driving along the road. In this paper, dynamic programming is employed to find two different driving profiles optimized for fuel consumption and NOx creation minimization in a diesel vehicle. Results, show that the fuel reduction driving cycle leads to fuel savings of 4% compared with the average consumption with arbitrary driving. The NOx reduction driving profile improves the emissions of arbitrary driving by a 34.5%. NOx oriented driving profile improves the emissions of the fuel-oriented cycle by a 38% at the expense of a fuel consumption penalty of 10%. This result points out the difficulty of a simultaneous NOx and fuel consumption reduction, stressing the efforts to be done in this field during the following years. Strategies followed and conclusions drawn from this paper are relevant concerning vehicle autonomy integration.

Download Full-text

Emissions of a Euro 6b Diesel Passenger Car Retrofitted with a Solid Ammonia Reduction System

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos10040180 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 180 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Barouch Giechaskiel ◽

Ricardo Suarez-Bertoa ◽

Tero Lahde ◽

Michael Clairotte ◽

Massimo Carriero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Reduction ◽

Nox Reduction ◽

Cold Start ◽

Nox Emissions ◽

Passenger Car ◽

The Road ◽

Diesel Vehicles ◽

Hot Start ◽

On The Road ◽

Solid Ammonia

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from diesel vehicles are a serious environmental concern. Prior to the introduction of on-road tests at type approval, vehicle on-road NOx emissions were found many times higher than the applicable limits. Retrofitting an existing vehicle is a short/mid-term solution. We evaluated a NOx reduction retrofit system installed on a Euro 6b diesel passenger car both in the laboratory and on the road. The retrofit consisted of an under-floor SCR (selective catalytic reduction) for NOx catalyst in combination with a solid ammonia-based dosing system as the NOx reductant. The retrofit reduced NOx emissions from 25% (50 mg/km) to 82% (725 mg/km) both in the laboratory and on the road. The minimum reduction was achieved at cold start cycles and the maximum at hot start cycles. The retrofit had small effect on CO2 (fuel consumption). No ammonia emissions were detected and the N2O increase was negligible at cold start cycles, but up to 18 mg/km at hot start cycles. The results showed that the retrofit technology could be beneficial even for high emitting Euro 6b diesel vehicles.

Download Full-text

Reduzierung von NOx-Emissionen im realen Stadt- und Autobahnfahrbetrieb mit optimiertem Dieselantrieb /Integrated Diesel System Achieving Ultra-Low Urban and Motorway NOx Emissions on the Road

40. Internationales Wiener Motorensymposium 15.-17. Mai 2019 ◽

10.51202/9783186811127-i-198 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. I-198-I-217

Author(s):

J. Demuynck ◽

C. Favre ◽

D. Bosteels ◽

G. Randlshofer ◽

F. Bunar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nox Emissions ◽

The Road ◽

On The Road

Download Full-text

Feasibility Study of an Oil-Free Turbocharger Supported on Gas Foil Bearings Via On-Road Tests of a Two-Liter Class Diesel Vehicle

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.4007883 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 135 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Yong-Bok Lee ◽

Suk Bum Kwon ◽

Tae Ho Kim ◽

Kyuho Sim

Keyword(s):

Feasibility Study ◽

External Shocks ◽

Variable Geometry Turbocharger ◽

The Road ◽

Foil Bearings ◽

Synchronous Motion ◽

Vehicle Engine ◽

Compressor Impeller ◽

On The Road ◽

Diesel Vehicle

This paper presents the feasibility study of an oil-free turbocharger (TC) supported on gas foil bearings (GFBs) via on-road tests of a 2-liter class diesel vehicle. The oil-free TC is constructed using a hollow rotor with a radial turbine at one end and a compressor impeller at the other end, a center housing with journal and thrust GFBs, and turbine and compressor casings. The oil-free TC reuses parts of a commercial variable geometry turbocharger, except for the rotor-bearing system. In a test rig driven by a diesel vehicle engine (EG), the rotordynamic performance of the oil-free TC is evaluated up to the rotor speed of 130 krpm, which is measured at the compressor end. The journal GFBs are modified to enhance the rotordynamic performance by inserting three metal shims between the bump-strip layers and bearing housing. The rotordynamic performance is also measured during on-road tests by replacing the original TC of the test diesel vehicle with the constructed oil-free TC. The journal GFBs have a relatively large bearing clearance and no metal shims to generate subsynchronous motions at low TC and EG speeds. During normal vehicle driving, the TC rotor motions show steady rotordynamic operations. The oil-free TC rotates at 25 krpm ∼ 50 krpm while the vehicle runs at 20 km/h ∼ 30 km/h on the road. Subsynchronous rotor motions initiate with a frequency of ∼100 Hz at the TC speed of ∼37 krpm. As expected, the TC rotor motion also shows multiple EG-induced harmonics. Upon external shocks, produced by driving the vehicle on road-bumps, the subsynchronous motions are only excited when the rotor rotates above the initiation speed of subsynchronous motion. The excitation is nondestructive because the vehicle suspension absorbs most of the external shock. Incidentally, the external shocks appear to have no influence on the synchronous motion and engine-induced harmonics of the TC rotor.

Download Full-text

Particle Number Emissions of a Diesel Vehicle during and between Regeneration Events

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal10050587 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 587 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Barouch Giechaskiel

Keyword(s):

Particle Number ◽

Catalytic Reduction ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Diesel Particulate ◽

Particulate Filters ◽

The Road ◽

Diesel Vehicles ◽

On The Road ◽

Cold Starts ◽

Diesel Vehicle

All modern diesel vehicles in Europe are equipped with diesel particulate filters (DPFs) and their particle number (PN) emissions at the tailpipe are close to ambient air levels. After the Dieselgate scandal for high NOx emissions of diesel vehicles on the road, the high PN emissions during regeneration events are on the focus. The PN emissions of a diesel vehicle on the road and in the laboratory with or without regeneration events were measured using systems with evaporation tubes and catalytic strippers and counters with lower sizes of 23, 10 and 4 nm. The tests showed significant PN levels only during engine cold starts with a big fraction of sub-23 nm particles during the first minute. After the first seconds the sub-23 nm fraction was negligible. Urea injection at the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for NOx system did not affect the PN levels and the sub-23 nm fraction. The emissions during regeneration events were higher than the PN limit, but rapidly decreased 2-3 orders of magnitude below the limit after the regeneration. Artificially high sub-10 nm levels were seen during the regeneration (volatile artifact) at the system with the evaporation tube. The regenerations were forced every 100–350 km and the overall emissions including the regeneration events were two to four times lower than the current laboratory PN limit. The results of this study confirmed the efficiency of DPFs under laboratory and on-road driving conditions.

Download Full-text