Effects of Environmental Changes in a Stair Climbing Intervention: Generalization to Stair Descent

Purpose. Visual improvements have been shown to encourage stair use in worksites independently of written prompts. This study examined whether visual modifications alone can influence behavior in a shopping mall. Climbing one flight of stairs, however, will not confer health benefits. Therefore, this study also assessed whether exposure to the intervention encouraged subsequent stair use. Design. Interrupted time-series design. Settings. Escalators flanked by a staircase on either side. Subjects. Ascending and descending pedestrians (N = 81,948). Interventions. Following baseline monitoring, a colorful design was introduced on the stair risers of one staircase (the target staircase). A health promotion message was superimposed later on top. The intervention was visible only to ascending pedestrians. Thus, any rise in descending stair use would indicate increased intention to use stairs, which endured after initial exposure to the intervention. Measures. Observers inconspicuously coded pedestrians' means of ascent/descent and demographic characteristics. Results. The design alone had no meaningful impact. Addition of the message, however, increased stair climbing at the target and nontarget staircases by 190% and 52%, respectively. The message also produced a modest increase in stair descent at the target (25%) and nontarget (9%) staircases. Conclusions. In public venues, a message component is critical to the success of interventions. In addition, it appears that exposure to an intervention can encourage pedestrians to use stairs on a subsequent occasion.

Download Full-text

Promoting Stair Climbing in a Worksite and Public Setting: Are Footprints Enough?

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/0890117117694284 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 527-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ann-Sophie Van Hoecke ◽

Jan Seghers ◽

Filip Boen

Keyword(s):

Phase 1 ◽

Interrupted Time Series ◽

Stair Climbing ◽

Health Message ◽

Series Design ◽

Public Setting ◽

The Impact ◽

A Company ◽

Interrupted Time Series Design

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of footprints on stair climbing in different settings. Design: Interrupted time-series design. Setting: A company (stair/elevator choice) and a mall (stair/escalator choice). Participants: Employees (n = 5676) and visitors of the mall (n = 12 623). Intervention: An intervention comprising 3 consecutive phases was implemented—(1) footprints leading to the stairs were stuck on the floor, (2) a health message referring to the footprints was introduced, and (3) passersby were congratulated for their increased stair use. Measures: Stair climbing was observed before (ie, baseline), during, and 6 to 13 weeks after (ie, follow-up) the intervention. Analysis: Proportions of stair climbers were compared using χ2 analyses. Results: The footprints resulted in a closely significant increase in stair climbing in the company (from 27.7% at baseline to 31.2% in phase 1). However, they did not produce any effect in the mall. Introducing a health message yielded an additional 12.4% increase in stair climbing in the company and a significant 11.4% increase in the mall (22.3% in phase 2). Congratulating people did not further increase stair climbing. At follow-up, the proportions of stair climbers dropped but still exceeded baseline. Conclusion: Footprints tend to increase stair climbing in a worksite setting with a stair/escalator choice but not in a public setting with a stair/elevator choice. Adding a meaningful message seems essential to obtain stronger and longer term effects.

Download Full-text

Police-involved Deaths and the Impact on Homicide Rates in the Post-Ferguson Era: A Study of 44 U.S. Cities

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/08862605211028315 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088626052110283

Author(s):

Tyler J Lane

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Interrupted Time Series ◽

Homicide Rates ◽

Aggravated Assault ◽

Series Design ◽

Percentage Points ◽

Black Populations ◽

Fbi Data ◽

The Impact ◽

Interrupted Time Series Design

This study investigated whether homicides increased after protested police-involved deaths, focusing on the period after Michael Brown’s death in Ferguson in August 2014. It also tests for effects of legal cynicism by comparing effects in homicide and aggravated assault on the assumption that reporting of the latter is discretionary and police abuses may make communities reluctant to notify police. Using FBI data from 44 U.S. cities, homicide and assault rates from 2011 to 2019 were analyzed using an interrupted time series design and combined in a meta-analysis to calculate pooled effects. A meta-regression tested effect moderators including external investigations and city/county sociodemographic characteristics. With a conservative threshold of p ≤ .01, 21 of the 44 cities experienced a significant increase and one had a significant decrease. The pooled effect was a 26.1% increase in the homicide (99% CI: 15.3% to 36.8%). Aggravated assaults increased above baseline, though the effect was 15.2 percentage points smaller (99% CI: –26.7 to –3.6) than the effect in homicides. When outcomes were measured as percent change, there were no significant effect moderators, but when measured as absolute change, homicides increased to a greater extent when the death was subject to external investigation and in cities with higher Black populations, poverty rates, and baseline homicide rates. The findings suggest that protested police-involved deaths led to an increase in homicides and other violence due to the distrust fomented within the very communities whom police are meant to protect.

Download Full-text

Impact of Fare Policy Changes on Paratransit Travel Options: METROLift Case Study

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198119842126 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2673 (8) ◽

pp. 198-208

Author(s):

Shuman Tan ◽

Eun Sug Park ◽

Jinuk Hwang

Keyword(s):

Interrupted Time Series ◽

Service Area ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Series Design ◽

Taxi Service ◽

Willingness To Use ◽

The Impact ◽

Interrupted Time Series Design ◽

Analyze Data

The Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County’s METROLift program implemented several revised fare policies on travel options available to eligible riders at the end of 2015 and the beginning of 2016. Fares changed on the METROLift paratransit single ticket and passes. A premium fare for the expanded service area and a smartcard—Freedom Q Card—that allows free ride on METRO’s fixed-route services were introduced. This paper documents analyses to determine the impact of the revised METROLift fare policies on travel patterns and travel frequency of METROLift riders. The authors used a linear segmented regression analysis to analyze data from an interrupted time series design. The results suggest that the revised fare policies controlled the growth of percentage of riders who use METROLift paratransit service in total ADA-eligible riders, while improved the awareness and willingness to use supplementary paratransit travel options, especially the fixed-route service in the base service area and the subsidy taxi service in the expanded service area.

Download Full-text

The Effectiveness of Suggestopedia Method with Wordwall Picture in Increasing Vocabulary Mastery with Learning Disabilities

EDUVELOP (Journal of English Education and Development) ◽

10.31605/eduvelop.v1i2.37 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 193-204

Author(s):

Merlin D Merlin D ◽

Siti Hajar Larekeng

Keyword(s):

Learning Disabilities ◽

Students With Disabilities ◽

Mixed Methods Research ◽

Interrupted Time Series ◽

Students With Learning Disabilities ◽

Qualitative Approaches ◽

Result Show ◽

Academic Year ◽

Interrupted Time Series Design ◽

Learning English

This study investigates the effects of Suggestopedia method with wordwall picture in increase the vocabulary mastery students of SMPLB Negeri Parepare in academic year 2016/ 2017. This method engages the students’ attentions and various fun learning activities which decreased the students’ boredom during their learning. Wordwall picture provides the students’ illustrations and ideas in their minds. It applied mixed methods research design quantitative and qualitative approaches with single group interrupted time-series design. The population are who students with learning disabilities of SMPLB Parepare in academic year 2016/2017 which consist of 11 students and the sample constitútes consist of 5 students. This research used sampling as a technique of sampling. Based on the quantitative analysis, the result showed that 1) student test were significant accorbing to the questionnaire, the result show thet the students motivation incresed. It means that suggestopedia method with wordwall picture affected the students vocebulary mastery in learning. The result also proved that students interest in learning english has a significant relationship or influence with students vocebulary score. 2) The qualitative data from questionnaire showed that students’ motivation increased. It means that Suggestopedia method with wordwall picture affected the students vocabulary, mastery in learning, it proved that Suggestopedia Method with Wordwall Picture able to increase the interest in learning English of the students with disabilities learning of SMPLB Parepare;

Download Full-text

Can the effects of the mobilization of vulnerable elders in Ontario (MOVE ON) implementation be replicated in new settings: an interrupted time series design

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-019-1124-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julia E. Moore ◽

◽

Barbara Liu ◽

Sobia Khan ◽

Charmalee Harris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Interrupted Time Series ◽

Series Design ◽

Time Series Design ◽

Interrupted Time Series Design

Download Full-text

Patellar facet ratio affects knee pain, stair climbing and stair descent after TKA without patellar resurfacing

Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy ◽

10.1007/s00167-020-05868-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (12) ◽

pp. 3796-3804 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tarik Aït-Si-Selmi ◽

Laura Marie-Hardy ◽

Padhraig F. O’Loughlin ◽

Kyosuke Kobayashi ◽

Jacobus H. Müller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knee Pain ◽

Stair Climbing ◽

Patellar Resurfacing ◽

Stair Descent

Download Full-text

Increasing adolescent firearm homicides and racial disparities following Florida’s ‘Stand Your Ground’ self-defence law

Injury Prevention ◽

10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043530 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 187-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michelle Degli Esposti ◽

Douglas J Wiebe ◽

Jason Gravel ◽

David K Humphreys

Keyword(s):

Racial Disparities ◽

Black Adolescents ◽

Interrupted Time Series ◽

Time Varying ◽

Series Design ◽

Firearm Suicide ◽

The Mean ◽

The Law ◽

Negative Controls ◽

Interrupted Time Series Design

Establishing whether specific laws impact rates of firearm homicide in adolescents is critical for identifying opportunities to reduce preventable adolescent death. We evaluated Florida’s Stand Your Ground law, enacted October 2005, using an interrupted time series design from 1999 to 2017. We used segmented quasi-Poisson regression to model underlying trends in quarterly rates of adolescent (15–19 years) firearm homicide in Florida and disaggregated by race (Black/White). We used synthetic and negative controls (firearm suicide) to address time-varying confounding. Before Florida’s Stand Your Ground law, the mean quarterly rate was 1.53 firearm homicides per 100 000 adolescents. Black adolescents comprised 63.5% of all adolescent firearm homicides before and 71.8% after the law. After adjusting for trends, the law was associated with a 44.6% increase in adolescent firearm homicide. Our analysis indicates that Florida’s Stand Your Ground is associated with a significant increase in firearm homicide and may also exacerbate racial disparities.

Download Full-text