Impact of Fare Policy Changes on Paratransit Travel Options: METROLift Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (8) ◽  
pp. 198-208
Author(s):  
Shuman Tan ◽  
Eun Sug Park ◽  
Jinuk Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Service Area ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Taxi Service ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design ◽  
Analyze Data

The Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County’s METROLift program implemented several revised fare policies on travel options available to eligible riders at the end of 2015 and the beginning of 2016. Fares changed on the METROLift paratransit single ticket and passes. A premium fare for the expanded service area and a smartcard—Freedom Q Card—that allows free ride on METRO’s fixed-route services were introduced. This paper documents analyses to determine the impact of the revised METROLift fare policies on travel patterns and travel frequency of METROLift riders. The authors used a linear segmented regression analysis to analyze data from an interrupted time series design. The results suggest that the revised fare policies controlled the growth of percentage of riders who use METROLift paratransit service in total ADA-eligible riders, while improved the awareness and willingness to use supplementary paratransit travel options, especially the fixed-route service in the base service area and the subsidy taxi service in the expanded service area.

scholarly journals Police-involved Deaths and the Impact on Homicide Rates in the Post-Ferguson Era: A Study of 44 U.S. Cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110283
Author(s):  
Tyler J Lane
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Aggravated Assault ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Black Populations ◽  
Fbi Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design

This study investigated whether homicides increased after protested police-involved deaths, focusing on the period after Michael Brown’s death in Ferguson in August 2014. It also tests for effects of legal cynicism by comparing effects in homicide and aggravated assault on the assumption that reporting of the latter is discretionary and police abuses may make communities reluctant to notify police. Using FBI data from 44 U.S. cities, homicide and assault rates from 2011 to 2019 were analyzed using an interrupted time series design and combined in a meta-analysis to calculate pooled effects. A meta-regression tested effect moderators including external investigations and city/county sociodemographic characteristics. With a conservative threshold of p ≤ .01, 21 of the 44 cities experienced a significant increase and one had a significant decrease. The pooled effect was a 26.1% increase in the homicide (99% CI: 15.3% to 36.8%). Aggravated assaults increased above baseline, though the effect was 15.2 percentage points smaller (99% CI: –26.7 to –3.6) than the effect in homicides. When outcomes were measured as percent change, there were no significant effect moderators, but when measured as absolute change, homicides increased to a greater extent when the death was subject to external investigation and in cities with higher Black populations, poverty rates, and baseline homicide rates. The findings suggest that protested police-involved deaths led to an increase in homicides and other violence due to the distrust fomented within the very communities whom police are meant to protect.

scholarly journals Scaling-up implementation in community hospitals: a multisite interrupted time series design of the Mobilization of Vulnerable Elders (MOVE) program in Alberta

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayna Holroyd-Leduc ◽  
◽  
Charmalee Harris ◽  
Jemila S. Hamid ◽  
Joycelyne E. Ewusie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Community Hospitals ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Time Series Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design

Abstract Background As the population ages, older hospitalized patients are at increased risk for hospital-acquired morbidity. The Mobilization of Vulnerable Elders (MOVE) program is an evidence-informed early mobilization intervention that was previously evaluated in Ontario, Canada. The program was effective at improving mobilization rates and decreasing length of stay in academic hospitals. The aim of this study was to scale-up the program and conduct a replication study evaluating the impact of the evidence-informed mobilization intervention on various units in community hospitals within a different Canadian province. Methods The MOVE program was tailored to the local context at four community hospitals in Alberta, Canada. The study population was patients aged 65 years and older who were admitted to medicine, surgery, rehabilitation and intensive care units between July 2015 and July 2016. The primary outcome was patient mobilization measured by conducting visual audits twice a week, three times a day. The secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay obtained from hospital administrative data, and perceptions of the intervention assessed through a qualitative assessment. Using an interrupted time series design, the intervention was evaluated over three time periods (pre-intervention, during, and post-intervention). Results A total of 3601 patients [mean age 80.1 years (SD = 8.4 years)] were included in the overall analysis. There was a significant increase in mobilization at the end of the intervention period compared to pre-intervention, with 6% more patients out of bed (95% confidence interval (CI) 1, 11; p-value = 0.0173). A decreasing trend in median length of stay was observed, where patients on average stayed an estimated 3.59 fewer days (95%CI -15.06, 7.88) during the intervention compared to pre-intervention period. Conclusions MOVE is a low-cost, effective and adaptable intervention that improves mobilization in older hospitalized patients. This intervention has been replicated and scaled up across various units and hospital settings.

Promoting Stair Climbing in a Worksite and Public Setting: Are Footprints Enough?

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Sophie Van Hoecke ◽  
Jan Seghers ◽  
Filip Boen
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Health Message ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Public Setting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of footprints on stair climbing in different settings. Design: Interrupted time-series design. Setting: A company (stair/elevator choice) and a mall (stair/escalator choice). Participants: Employees (n = 5676) and visitors of the mall (n = 12 623). Intervention: An intervention comprising 3 consecutive phases was implemented—(1) footprints leading to the stairs were stuck on the floor, (2) a health message referring to the footprints was introduced, and (3) passersby were congratulated for their increased stair use. Measures: Stair climbing was observed before (ie, baseline), during, and 6 to 13 weeks after (ie, follow-up) the intervention. Analysis: Proportions of stair climbers were compared using χ2 analyses. Results: The footprints resulted in a closely significant increase in stair climbing in the company (from 27.7% at baseline to 31.2% in phase 1). However, they did not produce any effect in the mall. Introducing a health message yielded an additional 12.4% increase in stair climbing in the company and a significant 11.4% increase in the mall (22.3% in phase 2). Congratulating people did not further increase stair climbing. At follow-up, the proportions of stair climbers dropped but still exceeded baseline. Conclusion: Footprints tend to increase stair climbing in a worksite setting with a stair/escalator choice but not in a public setting with a stair/elevator choice. Adding a meaningful message seems essential to obtain stronger and longer term effects.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on New Cancer Diagnoses and Oncology Care in Manitoba

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 3081-3090
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Decker ◽  
Pascal Lambert ◽  
Allison Feely ◽  
Oliver Bucher ◽  
Julian O. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Stage At Diagnosis ◽  
Intravenous Chemotherapy ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Oncology Care ◽  
Pathology Reports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design

Individuals with cancer are vulnerable to infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19. Physical distancing, the reallocation of health care resources, and the implementation of procedures to reduce the spread of COVID-19 may also have serious consequences for people with cancer. We evaluated the impact of COVID-19 on new cancer diagnoses and oncology care in Manitoba, Canada using an interrupted time series design and data from the Manitoba Cancer Registry and CancerCare Manitoba’s (CCMB) electronic medical record. In April 2020, there was a 23% decrease in new cancer diagnoses, a 21% decrease in pathology reports, and a 43% reduction in surgical resections. There was no difference in new cancer diagnoses by August 2020, surgery by July 2020, and pathology reports by September 2020. From April 2020 to June 2021, there was a 13% decrease in radiotherapy (RT) fractions, an 18% decrease in UCC visits, and a 52% decrease in in-person visits. There was no change in intravenous chemotherapy visits per month, first RT visits, or overall patient visits. The impact of COVID-19 on shifts in the stage at diagnosis and survival will be assessed in future analyses.

The Impact of High Intensity Street Lighting on Nighttime Business Burglary

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip B. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Statistical Methodology ◽  
Serial Dependence ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Time Series Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design

This paper analyzes an experiment designed to demonstrate the effects of high intensity street lights on nighttime crime. The statistical methodology is developed around an interrupted time series design and illustrates the hazards that can arise if the serial dependence of successive observations is ignored.

The Impact of Bureaucratic-Authoritarian Rule on Economic Growth

1985 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
YOUSSEF COHEN
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Third World ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design

The question posed in this article is whether the record of economic growth of Third World countries so far supports the claim that at a certain stage late industrialization is best served by bureaucratic-authoritarian regimes. A multiple interrupted time-series design is used to assess and compare the impact of bureaucratic-authoritarian and democratic regimes on economic growth in South America.

scholarly journals Identifying how COVID-19-related misinformation reacts to the announcement of the UK national lockdown: An interrupted time-series study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 205395172110138
Author(s):  
Mark Green ◽  
Elena Musi ◽  
Francisco Rowe ◽  
Darren Charles ◽  
Frances Darlington Pollock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Series Study ◽  
Official Information ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design

COVID-19 is unique in that it is the first global pandemic occurring amidst a crowded information environment that has facilitated the proliferation of misinformation on social media. Dangerous misleading narratives have the potential to disrupt ‘official’ information sharing at major government announcements. Using an interrupted time-series design, we test the impact of the announcement of the first UK lockdown (8–8.30 p.m. 23 March 2020) on short-term trends of misinformation on Twitter. We utilise a novel dataset of all COVID-19-related social media posts on Twitter from the UK 48 hours before and 48 hours after the announcement (n = 2,531,888). We find that while the number of tweets increased immediately post announcement, there was no evidence of an increase in misinformation-related tweets. We found an increase in COVID-19-related bot activity post-announcement. Topic modelling of misinformation tweets revealed four distinct clusters: ‘government and policy’, ‘symptoms’, ‘pushing back against misinformation’ and ‘cures and treatments’.

scholarly journals Evaluation Of National And Industry-Specific Interventions On Coir Industry In India A Special Reference To Kerala

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 727
Author(s):  
Roshni Narendran
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Series Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design

The purpose of the study is to delineate the impact of national and industry-specific government interventions and the influence of political parties in power. The study employs an interrupted time series design from the annual national coir export data (1970-2012) published by the Coir Board. The study concludes by highlighting that the significance of economic environment has a greater impact on the trends of coir exports than industry-specific interventions. A seminal finding of this study is that there is a significant difference in the coir exports during the period of governance by the two political fronts in Kerala.

scholarly journals Impact of smoke-free legislation on acute myocardial infarction and stroke mortality: Tianjin, China, 2007–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Xiao ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Dezheng Wang ◽  
Chengfeng Shen ◽  
Zhongliang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Stroke Mortality ◽  
Series Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Design

BackgroundSmoke-free legislation is an effective way to protect the population from the harms of secondhand smoke and has been implemented in many countries. On 31 May 2012, Tianjin became one of the few cities in China to implement smoke-free legislation. We investigated the impact of smoke-free legislation on mortality due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke in Tianjin.MethodsAn interrupted time series design adjusting for underlying secular trends, seasonal patterns, population size changes and meteorological factors was conducted to analyse the impact of the smoke-free law on the weekly mortality due to AMI and stroke. The study period was from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2015, with a 3.5-year postlegislation follow-up.ResultsFollowing the implementation of the smoke-free law, there was a decline in the annual trends of AMI and stroke mortality. An incremental 16% (rate ratio (RR): 0.84; 95% CI: 0.83 to 0.85) decrease per year in AMI mortality and a 2% (RR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97 to 0.99) annual decrease in stroke mortality among the population aged ≥35 years in Tianjin was observed. Immediate postlegislation reductions in mortality were not statistically significant. An estimated 10 000 (22%) AMI deaths were prevented within 3.5 years of the implementation of the law.ConclusionThe smoke-free law in Tianjin was associated with reductions in AMI mortality. This study reinforces the need for large-scale, effective and comprehensive smoke-free laws at the national level in China.

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