scholarly journals Bhadarwahi: A Typological Sketch

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-148
Author(s):  
Amitabh Vikram DWIVEDI
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Dominant Language ◽  
Indirect Object ◽  
Main Verb

This paper is a summary of some phonological and morphosyntactice features of the Bhadarwahi language of Indo-Aryan family. Bhadarwahi is a lesser known and less documented language spoken in district of Doda of Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir State in India. Typologically it is a subject dominant language with an SOV word order (SV if without object) and its verb agrees with a noun phrase which is not followed by an overt post-position. These noun phrases can move freely in the sentence without changing the meaning of the sentence. The indirect object generally precedes the direct object. Aspiration, like any other Indo-Aryan languages, is a prominent feature of Bhadarwahi. Nasalization is a distinctive feature, and vowel and consonant contrasts are commonly observed. Infinitive and participle forms are formed by suffixation while infixation is also found in causative formation. Tense is carried by auxiliary and aspect and mood is marked by the main verb.

Indirect objects in Siswati

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-326
Author(s):  
Videa P. De Guzman
Keyword(s):  
Object Relations ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Double Object ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Indirect Object ◽  
Object Properties ◽  
Relational Grammar ◽  
Ditransitive Constructions

Contrary to the view that in Bantu languages the two unmarked nominals following the verb in ditransitive constructions need not be distinguished because both possess the same object properties, this paper shows the necessity of making a distinction between the direct object and the indirect object relations. Evidence comes from SiSwati, the language of Swaziland, and the analysis of the data is cast in the Relational Grammar framework. The arguments presented refer to word order, object concord (or pronominal copy) and the interaction between object concord and some syntactic phenomena such as passivization, topicalization, relativization, and clefting. By distinguishing the direct object from the indirect object in Siswati, the grammar is able to provide a more natural account for a number of related double object constructions.

scholarly journals ORDERING OF MODIFIERS IN THE MULTI-NOUN PHRASE OF SL AND TL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (9(77)) ◽  
pp. 160-163
Author(s):  
Valery Mykhaylenko
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Semantic Model ◽  
Linguistic Analyses ◽  
Free Word

In this paper there is an overview of ordering in English multi-noun phrases (MNP) or poly-adjectival nominal phrases (PNP) and the model of semantic ordering is revealed:[Det] + MODIFIERS (+ size [Adj] + shape [Adj] + age[Adj] – colour [Adj + nationality [Adj] + HEADWORD [Noun]. The transformation patterns of rendering English MNPs into Ukrainian ones are recognized and we developed a relevant analysis of MNPs. This project concerns the ordering among modifiers in poly-adjectival nominal phrases (PNP) coined by Bache (1978) to refer to any noun phrase which contains more than one modifier(see also Georgi, 2010). We considered the concept of ordering the constituents in the multi-NP (MNP) in the process of translating from English into Ukrainian. Sproat and Shih (1988) provide one of the most comprehensive cross-linguistic analyses of adjective ordering restrictions, and suggest that the semantic-based ordering theories proposed for English are largely universal across languages. This rearrangement of ordering is triggered by the Ukrainian synthetic grammar structure which permits free word order in the phrase and a sentence, and a change of the communicative focus by the translator. A modifier is defined as words or phrases which premodify the head word of the phrase and can postmodify it as well. From 150 pages of the novel “Angels ad Demons” by Dan Brown and its Ukrainian translation by Aнжелa Кам’янець only 35 multi-noun phrases have been retrieved as an object of our study which we have classified into 4 groups according to the type of transformation (equivalent, permutation, addition, and omission). There is one of the main arguments for the rearrangment motivation of noun headwords and modifiers is the opposition of the author’s and translator’s intentional meaning. In addition we put forward a hypothesis – the both transformations are motivated by the semanticsof modifiers. The Semantic Model of ordering adjectives in the English multi- noun phrase must be verified in various discourse registers to define common and distinctivefeatures of this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Main verb+gerund constructions in english explained by means of semantic transitive features

2013 ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
María Ángeles Gómez Castejón
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Affected Patient ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
Direct Objects ◽  
Acting Agent

There have been remarkable works on semantic transitivity although they are, to a certain extent, limited. Firstly, most of these works have only focused on syntactic constructions in which the second participant, syntactic direct object, is a Noun Phrase. Secondly, most of the works dealing with gerunds as syntactic direct objects, do not take semantic transitivity into consideration. We claim that gerund complements occurring after main verbs (i.e. [subject] [main verb] [gerund]) can be explained by taking the notion of semantic transitivity as a reference. In this sense, semantic transitivity is based on features relevant to two-participant events. In this context, a prototypical transitive event implies an event instigated by a volitionally acting agent that causes a change in an affected patient. Therefore, with the aid of a corpus, we aim to analyse the structure [subject] [main verb] [gerund] in English in relation to the most relevant features involved in coding semantic transitivity, in particular, in terms of the prototypical agent and patient.Ha habido trabajos destacados sobre la transitividad semántica a pesar de que presentan ciertas limitaciones. En primer lugar, la mayoría de estos trabajos se han centrado sólo en construcciones sintácticas en las que el segundo participante, objeto directo, es un sintagma nominal. En segundo lugar, la mayoría de los trabajos que se ocupan de los gerundios como objetos directos, no toman en cuenta la transitividad semántica. Afirmamos que los gerundios en función de complemento que aparecen después de los verbos principales (es decir, [sujeto] [verbo principal] [gerundio]) pueden explicarse tomando el concepto de transitividad semántica como referencia. En este sentido, la transitividad semántica se basa en las características relevantes que describen los eventos de dos participantes. En este contexto, un evento transitivo prototípico implica un evento instigado por un agente volitivo que causa un cambio en un paciente afectado. Por lo tanto, con la ayuda de un corpus, nos proponemos analizar la estructura [sujeto] [verbo principal] [gerundio] en inglés en relación con las características más relevantes que intervienen en la codificación de la transitividad semántica, en particular, en términos del agente y paciente prototípico.

The grammar of ‘content’ and ‘container’

1976 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Schwartz-Norman
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
The State ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Grammatical Relations ◽  
Grammatical Relation ◽  
Made In ◽  
Syntactic Frames

I. In this paper I will examine the systematic alternation in grammatical relations (or functions) of noun phrases in the semantic rôles that I will refer to as ‘content’ and ‘container’ for that class of English verbs which appear in the syntactic frames given in (I):(I)(a)…V NP1 IN/ON(TO) NP2…load the hay on the waggon(b)…V NP2 WITH NP1…load the waggon with the hay.This class of verbs, exemplified by load, spread and spray is particularly interesting because of the claim made in Anderson (1971) that the noun phrase which stands in the grammatical relation of direct object is semantically interpreted as being wholly involved in the action or wholly in the state indicated by the verb. Thus, for verbs that may appear in both of the frames in (I), if Anderson's analysis is correct, the semantic interpretation of structures like (a) and (b) will be distinct in that in (a), NP1 should be interpreted holistically and NP2 should not, while in (b), NP2 should be interpreted holistically, and NP1 should not. After first examining some general characteristics of this class of verbs, I will point out some problems which are presented by Anderson's analysis.

Inevitable reanalysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans Plank
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Numerical Approximation ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Case Assignment ◽  
Verb Agreement ◽  
Grammatical Relations

When local adpositions, whatever their own sources, are metaphorically extended to the domain of numerical approximation (as in ‘around five bottles’), as they not uncommonly are, and when such expressions are then admitted to grammatical relations otherwise reserved for noun phrases, such as subject and direct object, as is only natural, a conflict is bound to arise: the internal structure of such expressions is that of an adpositional phrase, headed by the ex-local adposition, but their external distribution is that of a noun phrase. German and several other languages demonstrate that repair is inevitable in this dilemma, unless wholly different ways of expressing numerical approximation were to be resorted to. By necessity, such approximative numerical expressions will gradually be reanalysed from being adpositional phrases to being noun phrases for many, most, or indeed all external and internal purposes, such as subcategorization, verb agreement, case assignment, and determination. Instead of new grammar emerging as in grammaticalization, the old grammar of phrase types is reasserting itself in such reanalyses.

scholarly journals Children’s use of prosody and word order to indicate information status in English noun phrase conjuncts

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura De Ruiter ◽  
Bhuvana Narasimhan ◽  
Jidong Chen ◽  
Jonah Lack
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
New Order ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Information Status ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Noun

Our study investigates the influence of information status on word order and prosody in children and adults. Using an elicited production task, we examine the ordering and intonation of noun phrases in phrasal conjuncts in 3-5-year-old and adult speakers of English. Findings show that English-speaking children are less likely to employ the ‘old-before-new’ order than adults and are also not adult-like in using prosody to mark information status. Our study suggests that even though intonation and word order are linguistic devices that are acquired early, their use to mark information status is still developing at age four.

Errors in Translation: A Comparative Study of Noun Phrase in English and Malay Abstracts

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Ainul Azmin Md Zamin ◽  
Raihana Abu Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Structure Change ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Language Competency ◽  
Meaningful Group ◽  
Translation Errors ◽  
English Noun

Abstract as a summary of a dissertation harbours important information where it serves to attract readers to consider reading the entire passage or to abandon it. This study seeks to investigate the backward translation of abstracts made by 10 randomly selected postgraduate students. This research serves as a guideline for students in composing their abstracts as it aims to compare the differences in noun phrase structure written in Malay as translated from English. It also analyses the types of errors when English noun phrases are translated to Malay. Preliminary findings from this pilot study found that translation errors committed were mainly inaccurate word order, inaccurate translation, added translation, dropped translation and also structure change. For this study, an exploratory mode of semantic analysis is applied by looking at noun phrases, the meaningful group of words that form a major part of any sentence, with the noun as the head of the group. Syntax is inevitably interwoven in the analysis as the structure and grammatical aspects of the translations are also analysed. They are examined by comparing English texts to its corresponding translation in the Malay language. Particularly relevant in this study is the need to emphasize on the semantics and syntax skills of the students before a good transaltion work can be produced. Language practitioners can also tap on translation activities to improve the learners’ language competency.

An open-sesame approach to English noun phrases: defining the NP (with an introduction to the special issue)

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA ELINA MARTÍNEZ-INSUA ◽  
JAVIER PÉREZ-GUERRA
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Cognitive Perspectives ◽  
English Noun

The category of the noun phrase in English has received much attention in the literature. This article discusses the main defining features of the category from different theoretical angles. Issues such as its structural status, the determination and characterisation of its (morphosyntactic, semantic, cognitive) head, the structural slots which are available in the phrase, and the different possibilities as far as word order is concerned will be approached from structural, syntactic, functional and cognitive perspectives. In the second half of the article, after a review of recent literature on the English noun phrase, we offer a summary of the research included in this issue.

scholarly journals 19. Noun Phrases in the Oracle-Bone Inscriptions

Early China ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (S1) ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
Ken-Ichi Takashima
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Systematic Account ◽  
Indirect Object ◽  
Constituent Element ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Important Constituent

ABSTRACTWhile nouns and noun phrases are only one aspect of the Shang language, they are an important constituent element which, together with a verb in a sentence, occur as topic, subject, direct or indirect object, or object of a particle. In order to have a better understanding of the inscriptional language as a whole, a good understanding of the noun phrases is desirable.This paper undertakes to present a systematic account of noun phrases in the Shang oracle-bone inscriptions. The examples are taken from an entire corpus of inscriptions from Period I to Period V, paying no particular attention to diachronic developments. Some diachronic descriptions -- changes over time in construction and meaning -- are also cited in notes whenever they are considered relevant.The main concern of the paper is two-fold: noun-phrase formations and elucidation of their intended meanings. A number of new interpretations, particularly of nouns, is presented in the “Notes” which are integral to the descriptions. The paper also, necessarily, pays close attention to the use of such conjunctive particles as you, ta, and yu.

Syntactic features of medieval Hispano-Romance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven N. Dworkin
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Old Spanish ◽  
Subject Pronouns ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Object Marking ◽  
Syntactic Differences ◽  
Modern Standard

This chapter describes selected issues of noun phrase, verb phrase, and sentential syntax. It emphasizes differences between the selected constructions in Old Spanish and in the modern standard language. Specific issues discussed include the function of determiners, the use of subject pronouns, the preverbal or postverbal placement of clitic object pronouns, direct object marking, and issues involving subject-verb-object and noun-adjective word order. The section on verbal syntax examines the use of the present, imperfect, and preterit tenses in medieval Hispano-Romance, the syntax of analytic or compound tenses, the syntactic differences between the synthetic and analytic futures, the syntax and semantics of the subjunctive, and the syntax of aver/tener and ser/estar.

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