scholarly journals Discrepancies between archaeological and 14C-based chronologies: problems and possible solutions

10.4312/dp.16 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Hans-Christoph Strien
Keyword(s):  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Central European ◽  
Selection Of

14C dating of bone collagen is believed to produce the most reliable absolute dates for the Central European Early Neolithic, as the selection of bones in anatomical context minimises ta­phonomic problems. In contrast, a comparison of three newly published local or regional chronolo­gical models as well as a comparison of several series of dates from bone collagen, charcoal and cereals highlights problems probably caused by diagenetic influences, especially on collagen. There­fore, at least the checking of bone collagen 14C dates against charcoal or cereal dates from the same contexts seems to be indispensable.

scholarly journals Discrepancies between archaeological and 14C-based chronologies: problems and possible solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 272-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Christoph Strien
Keyword(s):  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Central European ◽  
Selection Of

14C dating of bone collagen is believed to produce the most reliable absolute dates for the Central European Early Neolithic, as the selection of bones in anatomical context minimises ta­phonomic problems. In contrast, a comparison of three newly published local or regional chronolo­gical models as well as a comparison of several series of dates from bone collagen, charcoal and cereals highlights problems probably caused by diagenetic influences, especially on collagen. There­fore, at least the checking of bone collagen 14C dates against charcoal or cereal dates from the same contexts seems to be indispensable.

scholarly journals Herbivore diets and the anthropogenic environment of early farming in southern Scandinavia

The Holocene ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt J Gron ◽  
Peter Rowley-Conwy
Keyword(s):  
Early Period ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Human Influence ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Southern Scandinavia ◽  
Early Farming ◽  
Dietary Variation ◽  
Funnel Beaker Culture ◽  
Feeding Environments

Farming practice in the first period of the southern Scandinavian Neolithic (Early Neolithic I, Funnel Beaker Culture, 3950–3500 cal. BC) is not well understood. Despite the presence of the first farmers and their domesticated plants and animals, little evidence of profound changes to the landscape such as widespread deforestation has emerged from this crucial early period. Bone collagen dietary stable isotope ratios of wild herbivores from southern Scandinavia are here analysed in order to determine the expected range of dietary variation across the landscape. Coupled with previously published isotope data, differences in dietary variation between wild and domestic species indicate strong human influence on the choice and creation of feeding environments for cattle. In context with palynological and zooarchaeological data, we demonstrate that a human-built agricultural environment was present from the outset of farming in the region, and such a pattern is consistent with the process by which expansion agriculture moves into previously unfarmed regions.

scholarly journals Genetic Similarity of Avena sativa L. Varieties as an Example of a Narrow Genetic Pool of Contemporary Cereal Species

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1424
Author(s):  
Magdalena Cieplak ◽  
Sylwia Okoń ◽  
Krystyna Werwińska
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Central European ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Genetic Pool ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
High Genetic Similarity

The assessment of the genetic diversity of cultivated varieties is a very important element of breeding programs. This allows the determination of the level of genetic differentiation of cultivated varieties, their genetic distinctiveness, and is also of great importance in the selection of parental components for crossbreeding. The aim of the present study was to determine the level of genetic diversity of oat varieties currently grown in Central Europe based on two marker systems: ISSR and SCoT. The research conducted showed that both these types of markers were suitable for conducting analyses relating to the assessment of genetic diversity. The calculated coefficients showed that the analyzed cultivars were characterized by a high genetic similarity. However, the UPGMA and PCoA analyses clearly indicated the distinctiveness of the breeding programs conducted in Central European countries. The high genetic similarity of the analyzed forms allow us to conclude that it is necessary to expand the genetic pool of oat varieties. Numerous studies show that landraces may be the donor of genetic variation.

scholarly journals Obsidian from the Neolithic Layers of “Grotta di San Michele Arcangelo di Saracena” (Cosenza), Italy. A Preliminary Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 615-630
Author(s):  
Vincenza Forgia ◽  
Robert H. Tykot ◽  
Andrea Vianello ◽  
Elena Natali
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Lithic Assemblage ◽  
Wear Analysis ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Preliminary Selection

Abstract The paper presents the results obtained by techno-typological analysis of a lithic assemblage from the Neolithic layers of Grotta San Michele Arcangelo di Saracena (Cosenza) together with the results of micro-wear analysis obtained from a preliminary selection of obsidian artifacts with different provenances distinguished by pXRF analysis. The site provides one of the best preserved Neolithic sequences in the area, from the earliest Impressed Wares (or Impresse Arcaiche) (early sixth millennium BC) to the Spatarella pottery style (end fifth – early fourth millennium BC). Along the Neolithic sequence, it is possible to observe some major changes within lithic resources management. In particular, it is possible to notice some techno-typological breakages between the Early Neolithic and the further stages, until the second phase of the Late Neolithic, when another rupture, corresponding to the Spatarella facies, is evident.

scholarly journals 14C Dating Compared to Art Historical Dating of Roman and Coptic Textiles from Egypt

Radiocarbon ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Van Strydonck ◽  
Antoine De Moor ◽  
Dominique Bénazeth
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
Representative Selection ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Individual Objects

A representative selection of Roman and Coptic textiles is used to compare the radiocarbon dating results with the chronology proposed by art historians. In some cases, the comparison was made on individual objects, but in other cases, groups of stylistically and/or technologically related textiles were compared. In the case of the latter, the interquartile range was calculated. The results of this comparison show that some individual samples and groups are dated older than expected, while for another group the opposite is the case. One group was matching well with the presumed period as a whole, but not on the basis of the individual pieces. The analyses showed the necessity of 14C dating to obtain a more accurate dating of Coptic textiles.

scholarly journals Identification, Extraction, and Preparation of Reliable Lime Samples for 14C Dating of Plasters and Mortars with the “Pure Lime Lumps” Technique

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 933-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni L A Pesce ◽  
Richard J Ball ◽  
Gianluca Quarta ◽  
Lucio Calcagnile
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Historic Sites ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Relative Simplicity ◽  
Lime Mortars ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Contamination Problem

Radiocarbon dating was first applied to historic lime mortars during the 1960s. However, despite the relative simplicity of the technique in principle, a number of subsequent studies have highlighted important aspects that should be considered. One of the most significant of these challenges arises from sample contamination by carbonaceous substances such as incompletely burnt limestone and aggregates of fossil origin containing “dead” 14C. More recent studies have shown that in the majority of old lime-based mixtures the contamination problem can be avoided through selection of pure lime lumps. These particular types of lumps are believed to originate from areas where the lime is incompletely mixed with the aggregate. It has been demonstrated that even a single lime lump can provide sufficient material for a 14C date of the mortar from which the lump was taken (Pesce et al. 2009). This paper describes the practical challenges associated with location, extraction, and preparation of 4 lime lumps extracted from 2 new sites for 14C dating. These include distinguishing the lime lumps from other lumps present in the matrix and the removal of material surrounding the lime lump. The coherence of 14C dating with other archaeological information on the chronology of historic sites is highlighted through case studies.

AMS-dated late Pleistocene taiga vole (Rodentia: Microtus xanthognathus) from northeast British Columbia, Canada: a cautionary lesson in chronologyThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme Geology of northeastern British Columbia and northwestern Alberta: diamonds, shallow gas, gravel, and glaciers.

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Hebda ◽  
James A. Burns ◽  
Marten Geertsema ◽  
A. J. Timothy Jull
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Laurentide Ice Sheet ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Cautionary Note ◽  
Shallow Gas ◽  
Peace River ◽  
Elusive Species ◽  
Selection Of

Dissected colluvial sediments on a Peace River terrace at Bear Flat, northeast British Columbia enclosed a late Pleistocene micromammalian faunule. The fossil remains, including a few loosely articulated skulls and mandibles, were dominated by taiga voles ( Microtus xanthognathus ). The Bear Flat site constitutes the second fossil occurrence in the region of this elusive species, which is unknown in British Columbia in historic times. The late Pleistocene age, determined by accelerator mass spectrometry directly on taiga vole bone collagen, is consistent with the ages of widespread taiga vole records peripheral to the Laurentide ice sheet in western, mid-western, and eastern North America. The presence of allo-chronous remains within a comprehensively dated sedimentary sequence provides a cautionary note about straightforward acceptance of relative stratigraphic dating.

scholarly journals Czech countries in maps of Central Europe up to the middle of the 17th century and their typological classification

Geografie ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-453
Author(s):  
Ivan Kupčík
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central European ◽  
European Area ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Religious Communication ◽  
Representative Selection ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Typological Classification

The article presents a representative selection of a nearly hundred of the oldest maps of Central Europe which were influencing the development of map representation of Czech countries and mostly have not yet been published in Czech literature. Geographical content of map representation of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia in maps of the Central European area is as informative as in separate maps of these territories. Cartographical information does not end on the other side of our border, but it links to representation of neighbouring countries and stresses political, religious, communication, linguistic and other connections and particularities as well. The selection is based on typographical classification (into ten groups) of printed maps of the Central European area of German, Italian, Dutch and French origin dating from the end of the 15th century to the middle of the 17th century. Its knowledge is necessary to determine genealogy of Central European and regional maps from the period approximately till 1650.

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