scholarly journals Assessment of leaf miner Liriomyza spp (diptera: Agromyzidae) damage on tomato and the yield output in Ilorin, Southern Guinea Savannah, Nigeria

Agrosearch ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
S. Mustapha ◽  
A.K. Musa ◽  
A.S. Aliyu
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Screen House

Tomato plays an important nutritional role in human diet. Although, Nigeria is the largest producers of tomato in Africa, its production is threatened by the invasive polyphagous insect pest belonging to the genus Liriomyza. An experiment was conducted to enumerate the level of damage of the agromyzid fly Liriomyza spp on the tomato variety, UC82B. Infestations were observed on potted tomato plants and studied from December 2016 to March, 2017. The experimental treatment consisted of both screen house and field trials. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replicates. Data were collected on the number of tomato leaves mined by larvae of the pest every week after transplanting (WAT) and on the total weight of tomato fruits harvested. Using t-test statistical analysis, results revealed that tomato plants grown in the field were the most infested by the insect pest from 5 to 10 WAT having significantly higher (P < 0.05) mean population of the pest when compared to the screen house which had little or no infestation. However, there was no significant difference in the leaf damage by Liriomyza spp from 2 to 4 WAT. Tomato fruits harvested at the end of the experiment were weighed and observation showed that the screen house gave more fruit yield (90.80±6.10g) compared to the field experiment (24.20±2.27g) which was significantly lower due to leaf miner flies’ damage on tomato leaves. Therefore, appropriate control measures of the insect pest are recommended where screen houses may not be accessible.

scholarly journals Morphological and Biochemical Bases of Resistance of Some Groundnut Germplasms against Tobacco Caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) and Leaf Miner, Aproaerema modicella (Deventer)

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-204
Author(s):  
Shaik Moizur Rahman ◽  
K Vijayalakshmi ◽  
Ch. V. Durga Rani ◽  
S. Ameer Basha ◽  
C. Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Germplasm Line ◽  
Tobacco Caterpillar

A screening experiment of forty germplasm lines was conducted at College Farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad in rabi, 2019-20 and was laid in Randomized block design (RBD) having two replicates. Three germplasm lines viz., ICGV 16679 (13.71% leaf damage), ICGV 07222 (14.00% leaf damage) and ICGV 93468 (14.25% leaf damage) showed greater resistance than the resistant check, ICGV 86031 (15.04% leaf damage) against tobacco caterpillar and with respect to resistance against leaf miner, no germplasm line was found to be superior than the resistant check, ICGV 86031 (7.82% leaf damage). However, the germplasm line, ICGV 02266 (8.35% leaf damage) was next best to the resistant check. The various morphological and biochemical characters were recorded and correlated with insect pest damage and incidence to know their role in imparting resistance/susceptibility. Resistance to various insect pests in germplasm lines was due to significantly higher trichome density on leaf lamina, higher phenol and tannin content.

The Effect of Stem Segment Cuttings of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) on Growth of Root and Leaf Sprout

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Bistok Hasiholan Simanjuntak ◽  
Devi Kusuma Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Stem Segment ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference

Robusta coffee plant propagation is recommended to be performed by vegetative methods, one of which is cuttings. Among plant organs that can be used for cuttings is the stem. The research objective was to determine which stem segment from cuttings was able to provide the best root and leaf growth. The layout study used a completely randomized block design (RBD) with an experimental treatment consisting of five stem segments, namely (1) the first stem segment from the upper shoot (A); (2) the second stem segment from the upper shoot (B); (3) the third stem segment from the upper shoot (C); (4) the fourth stem segment from the upper shoot (D); and (5) the fifth stem segment from the upper shoot (E); each treatment had five replications. Data analysis was performed statistically with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's HSD (honestly significant difference) test with a significance level of P < 0.05. Robusta coffee cuttings stems from the second stem segment from the upper shoot were able to provide the optimal root growth (root length) and shoot growth (leaf sprout height and leaf sprout growth rate). Leaf sprout number derived from the cuttings was not affected by the stem segment.

scholarly journals Responses of Maize and Tomato Crops to Fertilization with Three Agroforestry Litter Species (Annona senegalensis, Terminalia macroptera and Parkia biglobosa)

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
T. J. Massai ◽  
A. Ngakou ◽  
A. Ibrahima
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Parkia Biglobosa ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
The University ◽  
Significant Production

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Annona senegalensis, Parkia biglobosa and Terminalia macroptera litters amended to soil in order to improve growth and yield of tomato and maize plants. Trials were conducted at the University of Ngaoundere in a complete randomised block design for each of the two crops. Treatments consisted for each crop of a control (T) and three litters-based fertilizers of A. senegalensis (AS), P. biglobosa (PB) and T. macroptera (TM). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare means between treatments. The results obtained indicate that the chemical characteristics of litters varied from one plant species to another. The pH of the three litters AS, PB and TM (6.06; 6.02; 6.07) was acid, while nitrogen content ranged from 2.43% (PB) to 1.40% (TM). A significant difference was observed between treatments for plant height of tomato (p = 0.0016) and maize (p = 0.039). The litters of  A. senegalensis (80.33 g) and P. biglobosa (70.60 g) stimulated a significant production of more maize biomass compared to that of the control (37.26 g). The tomato biomass produced under soil amended with litter of A. senegalensis (27.33 g) and T. macroptera (31.27 g) was significantly more abundant (p = 0.035) than that of control (17.31 g). For tomato plants, the highest yield was observed for the treatment litter of A. senegalensis (7.35 t/ha), while the lowest yield accounted for the control (3.48 t/ha). The yield variation between treatments was in the following order: AS> PB>TM>T. As for maize, the yield varied from 4.15 t/ha (litter of T. macroptera) to 1.66 t/ha (control), and was classified between different treatments as: TM> PB > AS> T. Among the three tested litters, Annona senegalensis litter was the best for tomato, whereas Terminalia macroptera litter was better for maize production.

scholarly journals Determination of the Critical Period of Cyper-diforce® Treatment against Arthropod fauna and Productivity of Watermelon

2019 ◽  
pp. 1904-1919
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Okrikata ◽  
Emmanuel Oludele Ogunwolu
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Insecticide Application

     Watermelon has been reported to be vulnerable to insect pest pressure throughout its growth stages with a resultant indiscriminate calendar-based insecticide application (of up to 25 sprays/season in the study area), with its attendant consequences. In order to recommend the crop growth period(s) to effect chemical control measures that will give better return on investment, field trials were set-up in the early- and late-cropping seasons of 2016 and 2017. Forty, 5m long x 8m wide plots were demarcated in randomized complete block design in 4 replications. Treatments were applications of 0.5% Cyper-diforce® (Cypermethrin 30g/L + Dimethoate 250g/L) at seedling, mid-vegetative, mid-flowering, mid-fruiting stages and their combinations. Unsprayed plots served as control. Pest and beneficial arthropod density, leaf injury, crop growth and yield data were collected and subjected to variance analysis and significantly different means were separated by SNK at 5% level of probability. Cost:benefit ratios of the various treatments was also computed. Findings indicate that, leaf-eating beetles had the highest impact on stand survival and yield. Insect pest density and damage generally decreased with increase in frequency of insecticide application and treatment differences were significant (p< 0.05) except in the case of A. gossypii in the late-sown crop of 2017. Plot sprayed at seedling + vegetative + fruiting stages gave the highest fruit yield and return on investment. It is therefore suggested that, for economic production of watermelon, the crop should not be sprayed during the flowering period.

Chemical Control Measures Adopted by Kinnow Growers in Punjab

2020 ◽  
pp. 246-252
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Bordeaux Mixture ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Mass Media Exposure

The study was conducted among kinnow growers of Fazilka district in Punjab to find the chemical control methods used for different insects, diseases and weeds. It was observed that the majority (50.83 percent) of respondents belonged to the age group 38-54 years. One third (33.33 percent) of the respondents educated up to graduation and 35.00 percent of the respondents had medium (10-25 acres) operational landholding (35.00 percent). More than half (50.83 percent) of respondents had a medium level of extension contacts and 40.00 percent had a medium level of mass media exposure. Regarding insect pest control more than half of the respondents applied recommended insecticides (Actara 25 WG, Confidor 17.5 SL, Fosmite 50 EC, and Fosmite 30 EC) for control of Citrus psylla (59.60 percent), aphids (66.23 percent), leaf miner (57.77 percent), whitefly (58.54 percent) and mites (57.14 percent) and most of the respondents applied non recommended insecticides for control of mealybugs and thrips. For disease control majority of respondents applied recommended pesticides (Streptocycline+Coppersulfate, Bordeaux mixture, Ridomil gold 68 WP, Alliet 80 WP, and Sodium hypochlorite 5percent) for Citrus canker (97.75 percent) and Gummosis/Footrot (89.36 percent). Regarding weed management hand hoeing and mechanical methods were more popular among respondents and only 10.83percent of the respondents applied recommended herbicides (Glycel 41 SL and Gramaxone 24 WSC) for weed management in kinnow orchards.

scholarly journals Application methods and dosages of thiamethoxam in thrips control on tomato plants

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Gilberto Raetano ◽  
Marco Roberto Kobayashi ◽  
Wagner Roberto Kuwahara ◽  
Rodrigo R. Vinchi
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Thrips Population

Thrips is one of the most important vector species of the tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) in Brazil. Two different pesticide application methods, drench x spray, using thiamethoxam were compared with commonly used insecticides for thrips control in tomato plants, Debora Plus. The experimental design consisted of a complete randomized block design with seven treatments and four replicates. Dosages of 150 and 200 g of a.i. per ha were used in just one drench application and 50 g of a.i. ha-1 sprayed, at weekly intervals, 48 days after sowing. The control efficacy of thiamethoxam was compared to diafenthiuron (400 g of a.i. ha-1), profenofos + cypermethrin (320+32 g of a.i. ha-1, respectively) and methamidophos (60 g of a.i. per hectolitre of water) in spray application. Cumulative number of plants with tospoviruses and the F. schultzei population from ten flowers per plot were registered. The mean cumulative number of plants with tospoviruses among treatments was not significantly different. No significant difference between thiamethoxam application methods and dosages on F. schultzei control, 24 days after application, were observed for thrips population. One drench application of higher dosages of thiamethoxam proved to be more environmentally advantageous than the pesticide applied at dosages of 50 g of a.i. ha-1 at weekly intervals. The vector control efficacy of thiamethoxam varied from 93 to 95%, independently of the application method and dosages. Diafenthiuron and profenofos + cypermethrin showed less efficacy (78 and 88%, respectively) but greater than those with methamidophos (71%). The products and dosages tested did not cause phytotoxicity in tomato leaves.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Cultural Practices of Mulching and Nipping in the Management of Eggplant Infestation and Damage by Leucinodes orbonalis Gueéne (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
U Zakka ◽  
N ES Lale ◽  
L C Nwosu ◽  
O J Adolphus
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Leucinodes Orbonalis ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Natural Infestation ◽  
Individual Ability

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cultural practices of mulching and nipping in the management of eggplant infestation and damage by Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Therefore, a field experiment using six eggplant varieties was carried out under tropical mean ambient temperature (30.4 oC) and relative humidity (73.3 %). The experimental site was Teaching and Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Each bed measured 2 m x 1.3 m and eggplant varieties were planted at a distance of 0.3 m x 0.4 m. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design, left to natural infestation and had three replications. The eggplants were mulched and nipped every two weeks in the study. The results revealed that all the test varieties were susceptible to attack by the insect pest under the two management techniques. Fruit weight of all varieties increased progressively (25.06 g) up to the third week after planting and declined thereafter (18.09 g) probably due to damaging effect of L. orbonalis. Mulching and nipping supported good fruit weight but were not highly effective in protecting eggplants against L. orbonalis infestation and damage. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in their individual ability to manage L. orbonalis attack irrespective of resistance status except at second-week after maturity in the number of exit holes/fruit and number of larvae/fruit (P < 0.001).

scholarly journals DAMPAK APLIKASI INSEKTISIDA PERMETRIN TERHADAP SERANGGA HAMA (THOSEA SP.) DAN SERANGGA PENYERBUK (ELAEIDOBIUS KAMERUNICUS) DALAM AGROEKOSISTEM KELAPA SAWIT

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Rosma Hasibuan ◽  
I Gede Swibawa ◽  
Agus M. Hariri ◽  
Sudi Pramono ◽  
F.X. Susilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
And Control ◽  
Nettle Caterpillar ◽  
Elaeidobius Kamerunicus

Impact of Permethrin-Insecticide Application on Insect Pest (Thosea sp.) and Insect Pollinators (Elaeidobius kamerunicus) in Oil Palm Agroecosystem.  Insecticide efficacy studies are usually determined from the target insect (pest) data without regard to the effect of that treatment on the non-target insects (such as pollinators). This study examined  the effect of  permethrin  (one of widely used insecticides for agriculture)  on   defoliating insect pest (nettle caterpillar, Thosea sp.) and  insect pollinator (weevil, Elaeidobius kamerunicus) which lives on pollen of  male oil palm flowers.  A complete block design was used in which each of  four blocks consisted of 5 treatments (4 concentrations of permethrin; 50;  100; 200; and 250 ppm and control) .  The results clearly demonstrated  that the application of  permethrin reduced significantly the number of  nettle caterpillar  throughout all sprayed plants (up to 100% 14 d after treatments).  A significant difference in mean population of the caterpillar were detected between plots sprayed with permethrin (0.05; 0.25; 0.53; and 2.00 larvae/leaves at  concentrations of  250; 200; 100; and 50 ppm respectively) and control plant  (5.2 larvae/leaves) 3 d after treatments. This  insecticide effects  persisted for at least  14 d after treatments.  On the other hand,  permethrin application in oil palm agroecosystem had adverse effects on main pollinator (E. kamerunicus).  The number of weevil pollinators on sprayed plants (12.5; 59.3; 77.5; and 209.5 weevil/male flower at  concentrations of 50; 100; 200; and 250 ppm respectively) were significantly fewer compared to the control plants (976.0  weevil/male flower).  The results indicate that, despite high efficacy of permethrin in reducing number of insect pests  of oil palm (Thosea sp.), its application also cause a severe impact on  important insect pollinators  (E. kamerunicus).

scholarly journals Thrips Resistance Studies of Onions (Allium cepa L.) in South Texas

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 601A-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian K. Hamilton ◽  
Leonard M. Pike ◽  
Alton N. Sparks ◽  
David A. Bender ◽  
Richard W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Insecticide Spray ◽  
Plot Design

Thrips are the major insect pest of onions grown in South Texas. Four cultivars, `IPA-3', `TG1015Y', `1664' (glossy control), and `1900B' (waxy control), were grown in a split-plot design with insecticide sprayed or nonsprayed treatments as the main plots and cultivar as the subplots. The experiment was conducted at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Weslaco, Texas, in the 1995-96 season. The objectives of the study were to compare `IPA-3' and `TG1015Y' for thrips resistance and evaluate possible resistance mechanisms that may be present in `IPA-3'. The average number of thrips per plant and leaf damage rating were significantly higher for `TG1015Y', indicating that some resistance is present in `IPA-3'. However, there were no significant differences in yield between the two cultivars. A comparison of leaf wax characteristics indicated no significant difference between `TG1015Y' and `IPA-3' using gravimetric or gas chromatography techniques. However, scanning electron micrographs of `TG1015Y' leaves appeared more similar to `1900B' and `IPA-3' appeared more similar to `1664'. The insecticide spray treatment had significantly fewer thrips, less damage, and higher yield than the nonsprayed treatment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. (R. Br.)) landraces for resistance to stem borer (Coniesta ignefusalis Hampson.) infestation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-817
Author(s):  
Abdulhakeem ABUBAKAR ◽  
Olamide A. FALUSI ◽  
Israel K. OLAYEMI ◽  
Matthew O. ADEBOLA ◽  
Yusuf O. A. DAUDU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Coniesta Ignefusalis ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Screen House

Characterisation of germplasm collection is imperative for identification and selection of new resistance sources in any crop breeding programmes. Thus, evaluation of pearl millet germplasm for resistance to stem borer infestation was carried out in view of the challenges of poor yield and quality reduction of pearl millet, elicited by its feeding activities. Thirty-five (35) pearl millet accessions were collected from different states where the crop is majorly cultivated in Nigeria. The accessions were characterised for resistance to stem borer infestation on the field. Further confirmation for selected potentially resistant accessions under artificial screen house conditions was done using a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with ten replications each. The field estimated selection index showed that out of the 35 accessions screened, 15 accessions were potentially resistant; 13 resistants with range value of 0.00 to 0.40 and 2 moderately resistant. Further nursery screening confirmed 9 of the 15 accessions to be resistant under artificial infestation. NS-JIL-01 accession was most highly resistant with significant least leaf damage score of 0.25.  Significant and positive correlation (r = 0.32) was obtained between days to anthesis and number of larvae per plant at p < 0.01. Negative correlation of percentage internodes damage with panicle diameter (-0.26) and panicle weight (-0.25 gn) at p < 0.01 as well as weight of 1000 seeds (r = -0.19, p < 0.05) were also significant. The identification of potentially resistant accessions on field and confirmation of some of the accessions under artificial screen house conditions indicated, gene for resistance to stem borer infestation in pearl millet could be obtained from the natural eco-type germplasm.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document