Supplemental Material: Ultrahigh-temperature granulite-facies metamorphism and exhumation of deep crust in a migmatite dome during late- to post-orogenic collapse and extension in the central Adirondack Highlands (New York, USA)

<div>Text S1: Supplemental text. Figure S1: Cathodoluminescence images for all analyzed zircon grains. Figure S2: REE spider plots for zircon. Figure S3: Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) for the timing of anatexis. Table S1: Cathodoluminescence images for all analyzed zircon grains. Table S2. Grossular content of garnet used to calculate the 95% confidence intervals for isopleth modeling in Figure 13. <br></div>

Optimasi Formula Fast Disintegrating Tablet Domperidone Dengan Amilum Biji Alpukat (Persea Americana Mill.) Sebagai Superdisintegrant

Biji alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) dapat dikembangkan menjadi amilum biji alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) yang dapat digunakan menjadi bahan eksipien formulasi sediaan farmasi. Akan tetapi informasi terkait manfaatnya dalam tablet masih sangat terbatas penggunaannya, sehingga industri farmasi masih jarang menggunakan amilum biji alpukat sebagai alternatif pengganti bahan eksipien dari bahan sintetis superdisintegrant pada fast disintegrating tablet (FDT). Telah dibuat sediaan fast disintegrating tablet dengan variasi konsentrasi amilum biji alpukat (5%, 10% dan 15%) dan pembanding Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG) konsentrasi 5%. Data yang didapat dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji one way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan ke uji tukey (Honestly Significant Difference) HSD. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa variasi konsentrasi amilum biji alpukat terdapat pengaruh pada sifat fisik granul dan sifat fisik tablet, formula III dengan konsentrasi 15% memiliki kriteria yang paling baik sebagai superdisintegrant pada tablet terdisintegrasi cepat. Perlu dilakukan modifikasi lanjutan amilum biji alpukat agar dapat digunakan sebagai superdisintegrant yang lebih efektif dalam formulasi fast disintegrating tablet pada penelitian selanjutnya.

Supplemental Material: Ultrahigh-temperature granulite-facies metamorphism and exhumation of deep crust in a migmatite dome during late- to post-orogenic collapse and extension in the central Adirondack Highlands (New York, USA)

<div>Text S1: Supplemental text. Figure S1: Cathodoluminescence images for all analyzed zircon grains. Figure S2: REE spider plots for zircon. Figure S3: Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) for the timing of anatexis. Table S1: Cathodoluminescence images for all analyzed zircon grains. Table S2. Grossular content of garnet used to calculate the 95% confidence intervals for isopleth modeling in Figure 13. <br></div>

Supplemental Material: Ultrahigh-temperature granulite-facies metamorphism and exhumation of deep crust in a migmatite dome during late- to post-orogenic collapse and extension in the central Adirondack Highlands (New York, USA)

<div>Text S1: Supplemental text. Figure S1: Cathodoluminescence images for all analyzed zircon grains. Figure S2: REE spider plots for zircon. Figure S3: Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) for the timing of anatexis. Table S1: Cathodoluminescence images for all analyzed zircon grains. Table S2. Grossular content of garnet used to calculate the 95% confidence intervals for isopleth modeling in Figure 13. <br></div>

Potensi Tepung Magot Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) sebagai Agen Antibakteri dan Immunomodulator Pakan Ternak Unggas secara In vitro

Tepung Magot dalam pakan unggas tidak hanya dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif sumber protein namun juga diharapkan memiliki efek antibakterial dan immunomodulator. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode in vitro untuk mengetahui efek antimikrobial dan immunomodulator tepung magot. Uji sensitivitas dilakukan dengan metode disc difusi agar, uji aktivitas fagositosis diamati pada makrofag peritoneum mencit Balb-C jantan berumur 8 minggu terhadap Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), serta uji tantang S. aureus terhadap tepung magot dilihat di bawah scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data hasil uji sensitivitas dan pengamatan dengan teknik SEM dilaporkan secara deskriptif. Perbedaan aktivitas fagositosis makrofag antar perlakuan diuji dengan analisis varian satu arah dengan uji lanjut honestly significant difference (HSD) Berdasar hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa tepung memiliki 38,22% kandungan protein dengan profil asam amino yang lengkap. Kandungan asam amino tertinggi pada tepung magot adalah (7685,84 mg/kg), aspartat (5864,19 mg/kg), leusin (5034,31 mg/kg). Asam lemak esensial yang terkandung pada tepung magot adalah asam laurat (13,39%) Hasil uji sensitivitas diketahui tepung magot tidak memberikan zona hambat pada bakteri S. aureus. Introduksi tepung magot pada fagositosis secara in vitro dapat meningkatkan kinerja makrofag dengan perannya seperti opsonin berdasar pengamatan SEM. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah tepung magot potensial digunakan sebagai imunomodulator natural dan pengganti protein pakan unggas.

Effect of Interval Time between Corrosive and Abrasive Challenges on a Nanoparticulate Composite Resin

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of interval time after acidic beverage intake and brushing on roughness and hardness of resin composite. Materials and Methods Nanofilled resin composites were tested as per interval time (no interval, 15 or 30 minutes) between aging media (isotonic, sports drink) and brushing. Specimens (n = 9) were subjected to three cycles daily for 5 days with immersion in beverage followed by simulated brushing (585 strokes). The brushing (control) group was submitted only in brushing cycles. Roughness and microhardness were analyzed in the baseline and end of the experiment. Surface morphology was analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (α = 0.05). Results Roughness was higher in no interval group and lower in 30 minutes and control. The 15 minutes present no statistical difference between control, 30 minutes and no interval. The hardness not present difference between groups. The SEM showed the no interval more roughness than 15 and 30 minutes, control and baseline. Conclusion The interval time between erosive and abrasive challenge is important to preserve the smoothness surface of composite resin.

Aplikasi Daminozide dalam Upaya Pembentukan Kenikir (Cosmos sulphureus Cav.) menjadi Tanaman Hias Pot

Kenikir merupakan salah satu tanaman hias yang dapat dikembangkan menjadi tanaman hias pot. Akan tetapi dengan tinggi yang mencapai satu meter, apabila dijadikan tanaman hias pot terlihat kurang menarik. Maka perlu adanya modifikasi tinggi tanaman pada tanaman kenikir. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi tinggi tanaman adalah penggunaan zat penghambat pertumbuhan atau retardant berupa daminozide. Metode aplikasi yang tepat pada tanaman dapat upaya pembentukan tanaman hias pot yang sesuai dengan kriteria. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan metode aplikasi yang paling baik dalam upaya pembentukan kenikir menjadi tanaman kenikir pot. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Bulan Februari-Agustus 2020 di Banguntapan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah perbedaan waktu perendaman benih dengan daminozide (1500 ppm) yang terdiri dari empat aras perlakuan yaitu, perendaman air selama 36 jam, perendaman daminozide 12 jam, 24 jam, dan 36 jam. Faktor kedua adalah adanya penyemprotan daminozide (1500 ppm) setiap minggunya yang terdiri dari dua aras perlakuan yaitu, tanpa penyemprotan dan penyemprotan daminozide setiap minggu. Data yang diperoleh dilakukan analisis varian (ANOVA), jika hasil berbeda nyata dilakukan uji lanjut dengan uji lanjut Tukey HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) dengan alfa 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi waktu perendaman 24 jam diikuti dengan penyemprotan menunjukkan hasil yang memenuhi kriteria tanaman hias pot.

The Balancing of Safflower Oil and Inositol to Intestinal Morphometric of Sentul Chicken

This study was aimed to evaluate the use of safflower oil (Carthamus tinctorius L) and inositol on the digestive profile of male Sentul chickens. A total of 182 Sentul chickens aged 17 weeks were reared up to 23 weeks in 91 units of battery cage (6 chickens/unit). The research was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with nine treatments and three replicates (6 chickens/replicate). The research treatments were R0 = control/ basal feed + 0% Safflower and 0% Inositol; R1 = Basal feed + 0.5% Safflower oil; R2 = Basal feed + 1.0% Safflower oil; R3 = Basal feed + 0.5% Inositol; R4 = Basal feed + 1.0% Inositol; R5 = Basal feed + 0.5% Safflower oil and 0.5% Inositol; R6 = Basal feed + 0.5% Safflower oil and 1.0% Inositol; R7 = Basal feed + 1.0% Safflower oil and 0.5% Inositol; R8 = Basal feed + 1.0% Safflower oil and 1.0% Inositol. Basal feed was composed of corn, rice bran, soybean kernel, fishmeal, palm oil, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), topmix, lysine, and methionine, as well as safflower oil (Carthamus tinctorius L) and inositol. The measured variable consists of digestive profile (the percentage of intestine weight, digesta, proventriculus, gizzard) and intestine length, crypt depth, the width and length of intestinal villi, Intestinal histology profile. The data were subjected to a statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) continued with an Honestly Significant Difference test (HSD). The result showed that incorporating safflower oil (Carthamus tinctorius L) and inositol into feed did not significantly affect (P>0.05) the digestive profile of Male Sentul chickens. Conclusively, safflower oil and inositol up to 1% in the feed are safe for male Sentul chickens without interfering with the performance of digestive organs because it produces relatively similar intestinal weight and length, crypt depth, as well as the length and width of intestinal villi.

Immobilizing Bactericides on Dental Resins via Electron Beam Irradiation

Polymerizable bactericides, such as quaternary ammonium compound–based monomers, have been intensively studied as candidates for immobilizing antibacterial components on dental resin. However, they predominantly exhibit a bacteriostatic behavior, rather than bactericidal, as the immobilized components are left with insufficient molecular movement to disrupt the bacterial surface structure through contact-mediated action. In this study, we developed a novel strategy to increase the density of the immobilized bactericide and enhance its antibacterial/antibiofilm properties by combining a surface-grafting technique with electron beam irradiation. A solution of the quaternary ammonium compound–based monomer, 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB), was coated on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin specimens at the concentrations of 30, 50, and 80 wt%. The coated resins were subsequently exposed to 10 MeV of electron beam irradiation at 50 and 100 kGy, followed by thermal stabilization at 60 °C. The antibacterial effect was evaluated by inoculating a Streptococcus mutans suspension on the coated PMMA resin samples, which exhibited bactericidal effects even after 28 d of aging ( P < 0.05, Tukey’s honestly significant difference test). Transmission electron microscopy and bacteriolytic activity evaluation revealed that the S. mutans cells had sustained membrane depolarization. Furthermore, the antibiofilm effects against S. mutans and bacteria collected from human saliva were assessed. The thickness and the percentage of membrane-intact cells of the S. mutans and multispecies biofilms formed on the MDPB-immobilized surfaces were significantly lower than the uncoated PMMA specimens, even after 28-d aging ( P < 0.05, Tukey’s honestly significant difference test). Thus, the immobilization of antibacterial MDPB via electron beam irradiation induced rapid membrane depolarization, increasing membrane permeability and eventually causing cell death. Our strategy substantially enhances the antibacterial properties of the resinous materials and inhibits biofilm formation, therefore demonstrating significant potential for preventing infectious diseases in the oral environment.

Prediction of Match Outcomes with Multivariate Statistical Methods for the Group Stage in the UEFA Champions League

The aim of this study was to analyse the win, draw, and loss outcomes of soccer matches with situational variables and performance indicators. Data from group stage matches spanning the ten years between the 2010/2011 and 2019/2020 seasons in the European Champions League, were used. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD (honestly significant difference) tests indicated performance indicators which affected the outcome of matches. K-mean clustering, with statistically significant variables, categorized the quality of the opposition into three clusters: weak, balanced, and strong. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) and decision tree analysis were applied to each of these clusters, highlighting that performance indicators of the teams differed according to the quality of their opponent. Furthermore, according to the decision tree analysis, certain performance indicators, including scoring first and shots on target, increased the chances of winning regardless of the quality of the opposition. Finally, particular performance indicators increased the chance of winning, while others decreased this, in accordance with the quality of the opposition. These findings can help coaches develop different strategies, before or during the match, based on the quality of opponents, situational variables, and performance indicators.