scholarly journals Morphometric evaluations of intercondylar distances using computed tomographic scan images in Maiduguri, northeastern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1519-1522
Author(s):  
J.V. Zirahei ◽  
D.S. Amaza ◽  
H.Y. Mailabari ◽  
H Buba ◽  
Ali A. Mado
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Occipital Condyle ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Computed Tomographic Scan ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Intercondylar Distance ◽  
Surgical Operations

Knowledge of the anatomy of the occipital condyle (OC) and the structures around it is significant in sex determination and in surgical operations involving the basicranium. The present study attempts to evaluate the anterior occipital intercondylar distance (AOID) and posterior occipital intercondylar distance (POID) in the sample population as well as its variability in different populations. The sample population for the present study comprised of computed tomographic (CT) images of 110 patients (60 males and 50 females) aged 18–65 years obtained from the Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State-Nigeria. Males presented significantly higher mean values for both the parameters measured (p<0.001). Mean values of AOID in males and females are respectively 24.15 mm and 22.31 mm, while the POID mean values are 26.83 mm and 23.79 mm. The ratio of POID to AOID is 1.1:1.0 in both males and females in the sample. This ratio varies from population to population.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE FOURTH VENTRICLES OF ADULTS IN NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIANS USING COMPUTERIZE TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGES

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
Amaza DS ◽  
◽  
Zirahei JV ◽  
Sambo N ◽  
Oyewale AA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Brain Ct ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Males And Females

Background: Knowledge of anatomy of the fourth ventricle and the structures around it, is significant in sex determination, surgical operations and brain disorders. Accurate measurements of the fourth ventricle are needful in evaluating brain disorders and in decision making before any neurosurgical procedures. Objective: To determine the dimensions of the apparently normal fourth ventricles and compare the parameters among males and females with a view to providing baseline data. Method: Retrospective study was carried out on brain CT images. Six hundred (600) brain CT images of adult North-eastern Nigerians (350 males and 250 females) were measured. The age range for the individuals was 18-75years. The brain CT images for males and females were classified separately into six (6) age groups spanned eight (8) years interval. Measurements were done using Dicomworks software. The software provides a meter rule with which measurements were done, based on a standard method. Greatest height of fourth ventricle was measured from the roof and floor of the fourth ventricle while the width measured at the midpoint of the ventricle. Results: The height of the fourth ventricle was larger in males (9.95 mm ± 1.04) as compared to females (8.38 mm ± 1.69). The width of the fourth ventricle was also observed to be greater in males (12.95 mm ±1.29) than in females (11.67 mm ±1.45). Thus, the difference between the lengths and widths of the fourth ventricles were higher and statistically significant (p<0.05) among males and females. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the parameters of the 4th ventricle measured were sexually dimorphic and can be used in sex determination in the sample population. This study also has provided reference point for the normal values of the length and width of the fourth ventricle in male and female Nigerians.

scholarly journals Estimating Sex of Modern Greeks Based on the Foramen Magnum Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Eleni Chovalopoulou ◽  
Andreas Bertsatos
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Occipital Condyle ◽  
Discriminant Functions ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Occipital Condyles

Sex determination is one of the principal aims when examining human skeletal remains. One method for sex determination is based on metric criteria using discriminant functions. However, discriminant function sexing formulas are population-specific. In the present study, we determined the use of the foramen magnum as well as the occipital condyles for sex determination on adults from a modern Greek population. Seven parameters were examined (4 obtained from the foramen magnum; 3 obtained from the occipital condyles) and the sample consisted of 154 adult crania (77 males and 77 females). The results indicate that the foramen magnum region exhibits sexual dimorphism and the mean values for all parameters were higher in males than females. In comparison, the occipital condyles provide a higher determination of the correct sex than the foramen magnum. The combination of the occipital condyle variables allowed for the development of discriminant functions that predicted the correct sex in 74% of all cases. Finally, although other anatomical regions can discriminate the sexes with higher accuracy, the functions developed in this study could be cautiously used in cases of fragmented crania.

Size-At-Age Variability and Sexual Dimorphism of Morphometric Characteristics in the Late Ontogenesis of the Marsh Frog, Pelophylax Ridibundus (Anura, Ranidae), from Terrytory of Crimea

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
V. N. Peskov ◽  
N. A. Petrenko ◽  
V. Yu. Reminnyi
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Marsh Frog ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Size At Age ◽  
Linear Body

Abstract We study size-at-age and sexual variability of morphometric characteristics of the marsh frog. According to the size of the body, males were divided into three size-age groups (juvenis, subadultus, adultus), females — into four groups (juvenis, subadultus, adultus, adultus-I). We found that the chronological age of frogs (skeletochronology) does not always correspond to their biological age (size and proportions of the body). We noted that the semi-adult males are reliably larger than females by mean values of 26 studied morphometric characters. Males and females of “adultus” group do not differ by linear body size, significant differences were found in body proportions (7 characters). For the females of “adultus-I” group, the mean values of 26 characters are significantly larger than for “adultus” males. The results of our study showed that with the age of the marsh frog, the level of exhibition, directionality and structure of morphometric sex differences changes.

AVALIAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO TRADICIONAL DOS PESCADORES DA RDSM APLICADO À IDENTIFICAÇÃO DO SEXO DE PIRARUCUS

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Kelven Lopes ◽  
Helder Lima de Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sustainable Fisheries ◽  
Arapaima Gigas ◽  
Males And Females

This study examined the traditional knowledge of fishermen at Mamirauá Reserve about sex determination of pirarucus, Arapaima gigas Schinz 1822. We evaluated the criteria used for by fishermen in the sector Jarauá at Mamirauá Reserve for this determination, during the fisheries season, from October to November 2004. We analyzed responses of a group of about 15 fishermen collected in structured interviews regarding 109 individual pirarucus, 65 males and 44 females. From this sample, only 64 fish have their sex correctly predicted by the fishermen. Although the traditional knowledge of local fishermen is a key component of the sustainable fisheries of this species, this knowledge is not functional in all ranges and aspects, as in sex distinction. We found that the local fishermen evaluated are not able to recognize the sex of pirarucus, although some criteria applied for this purpose are consistent with their biology. The rates of correct forecasts for recognition of males and females were similar to those obtained by chance, even when the criteria applied were consistent, as the criterion “coloration”, which was significantly consistent for identification of males. Yet the group of fishermen interviewed in this study apparently did not apply this criterion correctly.

The overshoot artifact as an aid in differentiating low densities on the computed tomographic scan

1978 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis J. Hahn ◽  
Charles G. Jacoby ◽  
James C. Ehrhardt
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Computed Tomographic Scan

Unusual Transoral Penetrating Injury of the Foramen Magnum: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 989-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley J. Bartholomew ◽  
Charla Poole ◽  
Emilio C. Tayag
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Penetrating Injuries ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Computed Tomographic Scan ◽  
Posterior Pharynx ◽  
The Right

Abstract OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE Penetrating injuries of the cranium and spine are frequent to the civilian neurosurgical practice. Although a variety of unusual objects have been reported, to our knowledge, there has never been a craniocerebral or spinal injury caused by a fish. An unusual case of transoral penetration of the foramen magnum by a billed fish is described. The history, radiographic studies, and treatment are presented. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A fisherman struck by a jumping fish initially presented with severe neck pain and stiffness, bleeding from the mouth, and a laceration in the right posterior pharynx. A computed tomographic scan of the cervical spine revealed a wedge-shaped, hyperdense object extending from the posterior pharynx into the spinal canal between the atlas and the occiput. Because of the time factor involved, the fisherman was brought directly to surgery for transoral removal of the object. INTERVENTION The patient was placed under general anesthesia, and with a tonsillar retractor, a kipner, and hand-held retractors, the object was visualized and identified as a fish bill. Further dissection above the anterior aspect of the atlas permitted removal of the object by means of a grabber from an arthroscopic set. No expression of cerebrospinal fluid was noted, and a Penrose drain was placed. CONCLUSION The patient was treated under the assumption that penetrating foreign objects in continuity with the cerebrospinal fluid space and the outside environment should be removed as soon as possible. The patient was provided appropriate antibiotics to treat potential infection of normal pharyngeal flora and organisms unique to the marine environment. The patient recovered and did not experience any residual neurological deficit.

scholarly journals Occlusal Characteristics and Spacing in Primary Dentition: A Gender Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhuri Vegesna ◽  
R. Chandrasekhar ◽  
Vinay Chandrappa
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Primary Molar ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Males And Females

Context. Occlusion in primary teeth varies among children of different populations and races. Aim. To assess and compare the occlusal characteristics and spacing in primary dentition among 3–6-year-old Dravidian children. Materials and Methods. The study included 2281 school going children. The primary molar relation, canine relation, overjet, and overbite were assessed using Foster and Hamilton criteria. Spacing conditions were registered according to Kisling and Krebs criteria. Results. The flush terminal plane molar relation (80.3%) was the most common primary molar relation. The distal step molar relation was more frequently found in female children (12.8%) than in males (8.6%). Class 1 canine relation was the most prevalent canine relation (81.3%) among males and females. Ideal overjet (84.3%) and overbite (72.7%) were observed among the majority of the children. Spaced type of arches occurred more frequently than closed arches in this sample. The incidence of primate spaces was more in males than in females. Conclusion. The study population has fewer deviations from normal occlusion which indicates decreased tendency for malocclusion in permanent dentition. However, further longitudinal studies are necessary to identify the potential limitations of a clinical approach relying on early orthodontic diagnosis and intervention.

The sensitivity of Australian animals to 1080 poison. I. Intraspecific variation and factors affecting acute toxicity

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Mcilroy
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Vertebrate Pests ◽  
Breeding Condition ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Males And Females

The calculated sensitivity (LD50) of a species to 1080 poison (sodium fluoroacetate), used for control of vertebrate pests, is affected by the experimental procedures employed. Variation can be minimized if the most obvious sources are avoided, as described in this paper. Very young mammals and female waterfowl in breeding condition may be more sensitive to 1080 than other members of their populations. No other substantial differences in sensitivity were found between males and females, immatures and adults, or within and between different populations of six species of birds and mammals in eastern Australia.

Percutaneous Discectomy: An Anatomical Study

Neurosurgery ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. Kanter ◽  
William A. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Vascular Injury ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Percutaneous Discectomy ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Anatomical Analysis ◽  
Computed Tomographic Scan

Abstract Percutaneous discectomy is a viable alternative in the treatment of herniated intervertebral discs of the lumbar spine. Anatomical analysis of the retroperitoneal surgical path utilizing computed tomography suggests that the risk of vascular injury is negligible at the L-4, L-5 level, but substantial at the L-5, S-1 level. In addition, one-third of patients otherwise suitable for percutaneous discectomy have segments of bowel obstructing the surgical path. Obtaining an abdominal computed tomographic scan with the patient in the surgical position seems to be a valuable screening technique in the evaluation of candidates for this procedure.

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