Effect of Palm Oil Milling Wastes on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Soils in Okija, Southeastern Nigeria

Efforts to develop the production technology of high quality red palm-oil (RPO) in order to provide source of food ingredient that naturally rich of nutrients, become urgents regarding the need of such products drastically increased recently. Application of deodorization technology by temperature, time, and deodorizer pressure combinations (engineering of deodorization process) are studied and evaluated to obtain good quality of RPO. Crude palm oil (CPO) used in this research were supplied by PT. Salim Ivomas (Bimoli) Jakarta. The equipments used were degumming and neutralization unit, deodorization unit and other equipment units to analize the oil physico-chemical properties. The research consisted of 5 stages as the following: characterising CPO physico-chemical properties, conducting chemically degumming and deacidification, process enginering of deodorization, characterizing of physico-chemical properties and organoleptic of RPO resulted, and analyzing data for product resulted from process engineering applied. Deodorization with the range of temperature and process duration of 135–145 oC (408–418 K) and 1–4 hours have led to carotene retention decreasing (%) following the equation “Carotene Retention (%) = -764 x ln(absolute temperature) + 4693” and process duration with the equation “Carotene Retention (%) = -7.81 x ln(process duration) + 91.02”; and also resulted odor intensity with the equation “Odor Intensity = 0.08 x (squared absolute temperature) – 66.88 x (absolute temperature) + 13823” and duration process with the equation “Odor Intensity = 0.315 x (squared process duration) – 1.52 x (process duration) + 5.268”. Effective deodorization to produce RPO with the content of free fatty acid and peroxide value that met the requirements of Indonesian National Standard (SNI) quality of carotene content above 400 ppm and odor scale below 3.3, were the combination of temperature (T) of 141.34 oC, heat process duration (t) of 2.35 hours and vacuum pressure of (P) of 20 mmHg. The resulted RPO contained free fatty acid and peroxide value of 0.11% dan 0.12 meq/kg oil respectively, total carotene of 444.09 ppm and odor value of 3.21

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Physico-Chemical Properties of Soils: Ion Exchange Phenomena

Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division ◽

10.1061/jsfeaq.0000247 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 73-74

Author(s):

A.W. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Chemical Properties Of Soils

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Effect of no tillage on the physico-chemical properties of soils of the El Koudia region, Rabat (Morocco)

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202015003010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 150 ◽

pp. 03010

Author(s):

Hassnae Maher ◽

Rachid Moussadek ◽

Abdelmjid Zouahri ◽

Ahmed Douaik ◽

Houria Dakak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Structural Stability ◽

Plant Cover ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Chemical Properties Of Soils

In Morocco, agriculture is an important sector of the economy, accounting for 15 to 20% of Gross Domestic Product. However, it has faced several challenges: intensive tillage of land that has accelerated water erosion, seriously threatening water and soil potential, low plant cover density and misuse of traditional agricultural practices, causing a decrease in organic matter levels and destroying aggregate stability. Climate change is making water and soil management in agriculture more and more complicated. The major challenge for Moroccan agriculture is to increase agricultural production while preserving natural resources. The objective of our study is to evaluate the effect of no tillage (NT) on the physico- chemical properties of soil in the El Koudia experimental station, Rabat, Morocco. The crop is durum wheat, Arrehane variety. Soil samples are pre-dried, ground and screened to 0.2mm for organic matter (OM) analysis and 2mm for the remainder of the analyses. Plugs, canned, are then sintered, screened and dried for structural stability tests. The results show that no tillage (NT) favours the accumulation of surface OM, particularly at the 0-5cm horizon unlike conventional tillage (CT). The NT promotes structural stability, with a mean weight diameter (MWD) = 0.94mm for the NT compared to 0.83mm for the CT. These results show that soils ploughed in CT are more exposed to erosion degradation than soils not ploughed (NT). In addition, NT preserves soil moisture and promotes additional water retention of 5 to 10%.

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Soil Heterogeneity Reflected in Biogeography of Beech Forests in the Borderland Between the Bohemian Massif and the Outer Western Carpathians

Ekológia (Bratislava) ◽

10.2478/eko-2014-0030 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Pavel Samec ◽

Aleš Kučera ◽

Klement Rejšek

Keyword(s):

Bohemian Massif ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Specific Weight ◽

Soil Heterogeneity ◽

Western Carpathians ◽

Volume Weight ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Outer Western Carpathians ◽

Chemical Properties Of Soils

AbstractSoil environment characteristics naturally affect the biogeographical classification of forests in central Europe. However, even on the same localities, different systems of vegetation classification de-scribe the forest types according to the naturally dominant tree species with different accuracy. A set of 20 representative natural beech stands in the borderland between the Bohemian Massif (Hercyni-an biogeographical subprovince) and the Outer Western Carpathians (Westcarpathian subprovince) was selected in order to compare textural, hydrostatic, physico-chemical and chemical properties of soils between the included geomorphological regions, bioregions and biotopes. Differences in the soils of the surveyed beech stands were mainly due to volume weight and specific weight, maximum capillary capacity (MCC), porosity, base saturation (BS), total soil nitrogen (N

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