scholarly journals Effects of oral ingestion of hyoscyamine from Daturastramonium seeds on the hippocampus in adult Wistar rats (Rattusnorvegicus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
A. T. Idris ◽  
A.M. Sunday ◽  
A.I. Ibrahim ◽  
O.N. James ◽  
A.K. Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Novel Object Recognition ◽  
Oral Ingestion ◽  
Novel Object

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral ingestion of hyoscyamine fraction of Daturastramonium seeds on the hippocampus in adult Wistar rats. Fresh seeds of D. stramonium were procured and fractionated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Twenty-four healthy adult Wistar rats weighed 230±0.50 grams, were procured and divided equally into four groups for the experiment. The group one received an equivalent bodyweight of normal saline, while three other groups received 200, 400 and 800 mg/kgbwt of hyoscyamine fraction of D. stramonium respectively for three weeks. At the end of the experiment, the animals were subjected to memory test using Morris water maze (MWM) and Novel object recognition test (NORT) test paradigms. The data obtained were expressed as mean ± SEM and repeated measures ANOVA with Fisher’s multiple comparisons post-hoc tests were used to obtain mean differences using Minitab 17 (LLC., U.K.) statistical package software. P < 0.05  was considered statistically significant. There was a statistically significant increase in the exploration time (p = 0.031) and escape latency period (p < 0.001) in the novel object recognition and Morris water maze test between the groups in the treated compared to the control group. The CA3 region of the treated group showed significant neuronal lesions, cytoplasmic vacuolations, pyknosis and necrosis. . In conclusion, exposure to hyoscyamine fraction of D.stramonium at adulthood impaired memory in Wistar rats.  

Cnidoscolus aconitifolius-supplemented diet enhanced neurocognition, endogenous antioxidants and cholinergic system and maintains hippocampal neuronal integrity in male Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusegun G. Adebayo ◽  
Samuel A. Onasanwo ◽  
Abayomi M. Ajayi ◽  
Wadioni Aduema ◽  
Oyetola T. Oyebanjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholinergic System ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Novel Object Recognition ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Cnidoscolus Aconitifolius ◽  
Novel Object Recognition Test ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract Objectives Cnidoscolus aconitifolius have been investigated to have abundant phytochemicals. However, study on the effect of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius on neurobehavioral performance when supplemented with diet is lacking. The study is aimed at investigating the memory-enhancing effect of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius-supplemented diet (CAD) using Morris water maze and Novel object recognition test. Methods Ninety male Wistar rats (80–100 g) were fed with CAD (1, 2.5, 5 and 10%) continuously for a period of 4, 8 and 12 weeks respectively. Six animals per group were used for assessment of memory performance (Morris water maze [MWM] and Novel object recognition test [NORT]); afterwards the brain tissues were harvested for malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) estimation. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) concentration was also determined. Hippocampal architectural change in the neuron was examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and cresyl fast violet (Nissl) stain. Results Higher percentage of CAD significantly (p<0.05) improve memory performance with time-dependent effects in rats fed with CAD on MMW and NORT. MDA significantly (p<0.05) reduce in 1 and 2.5% CAD groups at 4th weeks and in 2.5 and 5% CAD groups at 8th weeks while GSH concentration significantly (p<0.05) increase at 12th weeks in 2.5 and 10% CAD groups. However, CAT concentration significantly (p<0.05) increase in 2.5, and 5%, CAD groups, 1, 5, and 10% CAD groups and in 5, and 10% CAD groups at 4th, 8th and 12th weeks. AChE significantly (p<0.05) reduce at 4th and 12th weeks. Histological assessment reveals no neuronal and pyramidal degeneration (chromatolysis) at the hippocampal Cornu Ammonis 3 (CA3) region. Conclusions The results suggest that CAD boost memory performance in rats through positive modulation of oxidative stress, cholinergic system and degeneration of hippocampal neurons.

scholarly journals Deltamethrin Exposure Inhibits Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Causes Deficits in Learning and Memory in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 178 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-357
Author(s):  
Muhammad M Hossain ◽  
Abdelmadjid Belkadi ◽  
Sara Al-Haddad ◽  
Jason R Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Novel Object Recognition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Abstract Deficits in learning and memory are often associated with disruption of hippocampal neurogenesis, which is regulated by numerous processes, including precursor cell proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation to mature neurons. Recent studies demonstrate that adult born neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus can functionally integrate into the existing neuronal circuitry and contribute to hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. Here, we demonstrate that relatively short-term deltamethrin exposure (3 mg/kg every 3 days for 1 month) inhibits adult hippocampal neurogenesis and causes deficits in learning and memory in mice. Hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions were evaluated using 2 independent hippocampal-dependent behavioral tests, the novel object recognition task and Morris water maze. We found that deltamethrin-treated mice exhibited profound deficits in novel object recognition and learning and memory in water maze. Deltamethrin exposure significantly decreased bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells (39%) and Ki67+ cells (47%) in the DG of the hippocampus, indicating decreased cellular proliferation. In addition, deltamethrin-treated mice exhibited a 44% decrease in nestin-expressing neural progenitor cells and a 38% reduction in the expression of doublecortin (DCX), an early neuronal differentiation marker. Furthermore, deltamethrin-exposed mice exhibited a 25% reduction in total number of granule cells in the DG. These findings indicate that relatively short-term exposure to deltamethrin causes significant deficits in hippocampal neurogenesis that is associated with impaired learning and memory.

scholarly journals Improvement of Electroacupuncture on APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice in Spatial Learning and Memory Probably due to Expression of Aβand LRP1 in Hippocampus

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Yanhuan Miao ◽  
Jiawula Abulizi ◽  
Fu Li ◽  
Yuping Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Amyloid A

Objectives. To explore the alterations ofβ-amyloid (Aβ) and low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) in APP/PS1 mice after electroacupuncture (EA) treatment and further to explore the mechanism.Methods. Forty 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into a model group and an EA group, with twenty wild-type mice used as a normal control group. Mice in the EA group were treated with EA at GV 20 (băi huì) and bilateral KI 1 (yŏng quán) acupoints for 6 weeks. The Morris water maze was applied to assess the spatial memory in behavior. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), ELISA, Western blotting, and so forth were used to observe the expression of LRP1 and Aβ.Results. The Morris water maze test showed that, compared with the normal control group, the model group’s learning and memory capabilities were significantly decreased (P<0.05;P<0.01). The EA group was reversed (P<0.05;P<0.01). The hippocampal expression of Aβin the EA group was significantly decreased compared to the model group (P<0.01). The expression of LRP1 in the model group was significantly lower than that in the normal control group (P<0.01); the expression in the EA group was significantly higher than that in the model group (P<0.01).Conclusions. EA therapy can improve the learning and memory capabilities of APP/PS1 mice. The underlying mechanism may lie in the upregulation of an Aβtransport receptor and LRP1.

Acupuncture Improves Cognitive Deficits and Increases Neuron Density of the Hippocampus in Middle-Aged Samp8 Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guomin Li ◽  
Xuezhu Zhang ◽  
Haiyan Cheng ◽  
Xuemei Shang ◽  
Hui Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neuron Loss ◽  
Neuron Density ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Samp8 Mice

Objectives To examine whether acupuncture could improve cognitive deficits and reduce the loss of neurons in mice models of ageing. Methods Male 7.5-month-old senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) and age-matched senescence-resistant inbred strains 1 (SAMR1) were divided into four groups (n=15 per group): SAMP8 acupuncture group (Pa), SAMP8 non-acupuncture point control group (Pn), SAMP8 control group (Pc) and SAMR1 normal control group (Rc). The behaviours were examined by the Morris water maze test and the neuron density in the hippocampus was estimated by the optical fractionator technique. Results The Morris water maze test demonstrated that the cognitive deficits of SAMP8 mice were improved by acupuncture treatment. Neuronal loss was found in hippocampal regions CA1 (−24%), CA3 (−18%) and DG (−28%) of Pc compared with Rc. The neuron number in hippocampal CA3 and DG of the Pa group was significantly increased by therapeutic acupuncture compared with the Pc group. Conclusions Acupuncture improved the cognitive impairment of middle-aged SAMP8 mice which could be attributed to the reduced neuron loss in hippocampal regions CA3 and DG. These results suggest that reducing neuron loss in the hippocampus by acupuncture is a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive impairment diseases.

scholarly journals The Prophylactic and Therapeutic Effects of Fermented Cordyceps sinensis Powder, Cs-C-Q80, on Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Dementia in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ying Chen ◽  
Lifeng Fu ◽  
Min Han ◽  
Meiying Jin ◽  
Jiaying Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Cordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Treatment

Corbrin Capsule, a preparation of Cordyceps sinensis analogue, is a pleiotropic traditional Chinese patent medicine with the main component of fermentative cordyceps fungus powder (Cs-C-Q80). The neuroprotective effects of Cs-C-Q80, as a substitution of Cordyceps sinensis, have not been fully identified. The objectives of this study were to explore the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of Cs-C-Q80 in vascular dementia mice model. The efficacy of Cs-C-Q80 was investigated in a molecular level as well. The subcortical ischemic vascular dementia was modelled by permanent right unilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (rUCCAO) in adult male mice. The animals were randomly divided and treated by gavage with vehicle (1% CMC-Na solution) (rUCCAO model) or Cs-C-Q80 powder at 0.2 g/kg or 1.0 g/kg, respectively. Preventive treatment was administrated by gavage daily for 7 days before rUCCAO, while therapeutic treatment was administrated continuously from 28 days after rUCCAO. Object recognition test and Morris water maze test were performed to evaluate the learning and working memory. The luxol fast blue stain (Kluver-Barrera method) and immunohistochemistry for myelin basic protein (MBP) were employed to determine the severity of white matter damage. Both preventive and therapeutic treatment with Cs-C-Q80 protected against the rUCCAO-induced memory impair in mice as determined by object recognition and Morris water maze tests. The histopathological analyses revealed significant white matter rarefaction and reduction of MBP expression in corpus callosum after rUCCAO, which could be counteracted by either preventive or therapeutic treatment with Cs-C-Q80. Moreover, the Cs-C-Q80 treatments inhibited rUCCAO-induced astrocytes activation and the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β expression, indicating the anti-inflammatory roles of Cs-C-Q80 against subcortical ischemia. Cs-C-Q80 is a potential preparation for the prophylaxis and treatment of subcortical ischemic vascular dementia. The underlying pharmacological efficacy might be associated with suppression of myelin degeneration, glia activation, and inflammatory cytokines release.

SB-399885 is a potent, selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist with cognitive enhancing properties in aged rat water maze and novel object recognition models

2006 ◽  
Vol 553 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren D. Hirst ◽  
Tania O. Stean ◽  
Derek C. Rogers ◽  
David Sunter ◽  
Pippa Pugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Novel Object Recognition ◽  
Aged Rat ◽  
Novel Object

The research of electroconvulsive therapy effect on cognitive function in rats with depressive-like disorder formed by ultrasound

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S376-S376
Author(s):  
V. Ushakova ◽  
E. Zubkov ◽  
A. Morozova ◽  
A. Gorlova ◽  
D. Pavlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
The Us ◽  
Negative Effect

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective method of resistant depression treatment. ECT activates neurotransmitter systems, increases neurotrophic factors production, induces neurogenesis. Nevertheless, ECT side effects, expressed as temporary amnesia, limit its application in clinical practice.The objective of our work was to estimate rat's memory after ECT in the behavioral test: “Object recognition”, “Morris water-maze”.The aim of the work was to research the effect of ECT on cognitive function in rats with depressive-like disorder and in normal rats.MethodsThe research was conducted with Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 41, 2 month age). Experimental stages:– control group (n = 10) compared to control + ECT group ([70 mA, 50 Hz, 500 μsec; 10 days] n = 10);– control group (n = 9) compared to group with depressive-like disorder, formed by ultrasound ([20–45 kHz; 21days] US, n = 6) and group with depressive-like disorder received ECT (n = 6).Memory was estimated in the “Object recognition” and “Morris water-maze” tests.Results(1) ECT did not decrease cognitive function in the “Object recognition” test in normal rats (P = 0.1217). Also, it did not lead to cognitive impairments in the “Morris water-maze” test: time of platform searching did not differ significantly from the control group (P = 0.8573).(2) ECT produced recovering effect on memory impairments of the US group in the “Object recognition” test (P = 0.0066). In the “Morris water-maze” ECT decreased time of platform searching by 7 times compared to the US group (P = 0.0025). That demonstrates the absence of ECT negative effect on rat's memory.ConclusionECT does not produce negative effect on cognitive function in rats with depressive-like disorder and even recovers memory impairments.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Luteolin attenuates cognitive dysfunction induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through the modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitao He ◽  
Xi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Object Recognition ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Group I

Abstract Introduction In our study, we evaluated the beneficial effect of luteolin in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in rat models induced by cerebral hypoperfusion by two-vessel occlusion (2-VO). Material and Methods Seventy-five male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to 2-VO surgery, in all but 15 (the sham group, group I) the ligation being permanent to impair cognitive abilities. The sham group rats received saline instead of a drug; 15 2-VO rats were not injected at all (the model group, group II); 15 2-VO rats were administered luteolin at 50 mg/kg b.w. (the lut 50 group, group III); to a further 15 luteolin was given at 100 mg/kg b.w. (the lut 100 group, group IV); and the final 15 received nimodipine at 16 mg/kg b.w. as positive controls (the nimodipine group, group V). Object recognition and Morris water maze tests were performed to investigate memory ability. A Western blot test was also conducted to assess expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), its downstream target protein kinase B (Akt), and the phosphorylated form (P-Akt) in cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissue samples. Results Significant variations in the discrimination index in the object recognition test, the escape latencies in the Morris water maze test, and expression levels of PI3K-p110α and PI3K-p85 were observed three months after 2-VO surgery in both lut groups, with a significant change in the nimodipine group compared to the model group. P-Akt and Akt were expressed significantly higher in both lut groups and the nimodipine group than in the model group. Conclusion Luteolin treatment of rats cognitively dysfunctional after experimental cerebral hypo perfusion was neuroprotective by activating the PI3K/Akt signals which inhibit neuronal death in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal region.

scholarly journals Perinatal Al-Quran Sound to Novel Object Recognition Memory and Hippocampal Cell Count

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tryando Bhatara ◽  
Achadiyani Achadiyani ◽  
Uni Gamayani ◽  
Herry Herman
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Novel Object Recognition ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Al-Quran sound as auditory stimulation may influence the development of systems related to memory. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Al-Quran acoustic stimulation to novel object recognition (NOR) memory and amount of hippocampal formation cells at postnatal day (PND) 21 Wistar rats. This study was conducted in September 2016 to January 2017. Adult Wistar rats divided into intervention and control groups were bred at Faculty of Medicine Universitas Islam Bandung. Rat pups in the intervention group were exposed to Quranic sound from postcoital day 0 to the PND 20. Rats of PND 20 was involved in the NOR test by documenting the value of the duration of exploration of the familiar and novel object. The rats’ brains were extracted and processed at Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran for cell counting of hippocampal formation stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The results displayed a higher value of D1 (exploration time difference) and a total number of hippocampal formation cells in the Al-Quran groups. These results can be related to the role of the Quranic voice in suggesting higher learning aspects, activating neurogenesis or cell survival transcription factors. However, there was no difference in discrimination index (DI) value between groups which could be indicating inadequate habituation period, interval, testing age, or stress factors. Numerous limitations from this field of research suggest that the biological role of sound stimulation is still in its early stages of development. In conclusion, exposure to perinatal Al-Quran sound may serve as stimulation which enhances learning, memory, neurogenesis or cell survival of hippocampal formation. SUARA AL-QURAN PERINATAL PADA MEMORI NOVEL OBJECT RECOGNITION DAN JUMLAH SEL HIPOKAMPUSSuara Al-Quran sebagai stimulasi pendengaran diperkirakan dapat memengaruhi perkembangan sistem tubuh terkait memori. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengamati pengaruh stimulasi suara Al-Quran terhadap memori novel object recognition (NOR) dan jumlah sel formasi hipokampus pada tikus Wistar 21 hari setelah lahir (postnatal day/PND). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada September 2016 sampai Januari 2017. Tikus Wistar dewasa yang dibagi dalam kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol dibiakkan di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung. Anak tikus Wistar dipaparkan dengan suara Al-Quran sejak hari postcoital 0 sampai anak tikus lahir dan berumur 20 hari setelah lahir (PND 20). Tikus PND 20 dilibatkan dalam tes NOR dengan dokumentasi nilai durasi eksplorasi objek lama dan baru. Otak tikus diproses di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran untuk penghitungan jumlah sel formasi hipokampus dengan pewarnaan hematoxylin-eosin. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai D1 (perbedaan durasi eksplorasi objek lama–baru) dan jumlah sel formasi hipokampus lebih tinggi pada kelompok perlakuan dengan Al-Quran. Hasil tersebut dapat terkait dengan peran suara Al-Quran dalam aktivasi faktor pertumbuhan atau transkripsi. Namun, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada nilai indeks diskriminasi antarkelompok yang dapat terkait dengan faktor stres atau kurangnya periode habituasi atau periode uji. Berbagai keterbatasan penelitian ini serta riset di bidang stimulasi embriologi mengindikasikan bahwa peran biologis suara Al-Quran masih harus diteliti lebih lanjut. Simpulan, paparan suara Al-Quran perinatal dapat berlaku sebagai stimulasi yang meningkatkan pembelajaran, memori, neurogenesis atau ketahanan sel formasi hipokampus.

scholarly journals Early-life status epilepticus induces long-term deficits in anxiety and spatial learning in mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 036-045
Author(s):  
Gregory Smith ◽  
Nowrin Ahmed ◽  
Erin Arbuckle ◽  
Joaquin Lugo
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Object Recognition ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Novel Object Recognition ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Marble Burying

Abstract Background One of the most devastating aspects of developmental epilepsy is the long-term impact on behavior. Children with epilepsy show a high co-morbidity with anxiety disorders and autism. Methods To examine whether early-life status epilepticus results in altered anxiety, repetitive behavior, social behavior, and learning and memory, we induced status epilepticus in male C57BL/6 mice on postnatal day (PD) 10. The mice received intraperitoneal injections of either kainic acid (2 mg/kg) or 0.9% normal saline. We also included a nontreated control group. Kainic acid induced status epilepticus for approximately 1.5 h. At PD60, the adult mice were then tested in a battery of behavioral tasks, including open field activity, elevated-plus maze, light-dark test, marble burying, social chamber, social partition, conditioned fear, novel object recognition, and Morris water maze. Results The early-life seizure group showed consistent increases in anxiety in the open field test (p < 0.05), elevated plus maze (p < 0.05), and light-dark task (p < 0.01). The seizure group showed significant (p < 0.01) impairment in the Morris water maze. There were no differences observed in marble burying, social partition, social chamber, novel object recognition, or delay fear conditioning tasks. Conclusions These results demonstrate that a single insult of status epilepticus during the neonatal period is sufficient to cause specific, long-term impairments in anxiety and spatial learning.

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