The research of electroconvulsive therapy effect on cognitive function in rats with depressive-like disorder formed by ultrasound

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S376-S376
Author(s):  
V. Ushakova ◽  
E. Zubkov ◽  
A. Morozova ◽  
A. Gorlova ◽  
D. Pavlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
The Us ◽  
Negative Effect

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective method of resistant depression treatment. ECT activates neurotransmitter systems, increases neurotrophic factors production, induces neurogenesis. Nevertheless, ECT side effects, expressed as temporary amnesia, limit its application in clinical practice.The objective of our work was to estimate rat's memory after ECT in the behavioral test: “Object recognition”, “Morris water-maze”.The aim of the work was to research the effect of ECT on cognitive function in rats with depressive-like disorder and in normal rats.MethodsThe research was conducted with Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 41, 2 month age). Experimental stages:– control group (n = 10) compared to control + ECT group ([70 mA, 50 Hz, 500 μsec; 10 days] n = 10);– control group (n = 9) compared to group with depressive-like disorder, formed by ultrasound ([20–45 kHz; 21days] US, n = 6) and group with depressive-like disorder received ECT (n = 6).Memory was estimated in the “Object recognition” and “Morris water-maze” tests.Results(1) ECT did not decrease cognitive function in the “Object recognition” test in normal rats (P = 0.1217). Also, it did not lead to cognitive impairments in the “Morris water-maze” test: time of platform searching did not differ significantly from the control group (P = 0.8573).(2) ECT produced recovering effect on memory impairments of the US group in the “Object recognition” test (P = 0.0066). In the “Morris water-maze” ECT decreased time of platform searching by 7 times compared to the US group (P = 0.0025). That demonstrates the absence of ECT negative effect on rat's memory.ConclusionECT does not produce negative effect on cognitive function in rats with depressive-like disorder and even recovers memory impairments.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Ameliorating Effects of Ethanol Extract ofFructus mumeon Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Soo Kim ◽  
Won Kyung Jeon ◽  
Kye Wan Lee ◽  
Yu Hwa Park ◽  
Jung-Soo Han
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Morris Water Maze Task ◽  
Increased Activity

We previously reported thatFructus mume(F. mume) extract shows protective effects on memory impairments and anti-inflammatory effects induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Neurodegeneration of basal cholinergic neurons is also observed in the brain with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine whetherF. mumeextracts enhance cognitive function via the action of cholinergic neuron using a scopolamine-induced animal model of memory impairments.F. mume(50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) was administered to C57BL/6 mice for 14 days (days 1–14) and memory impairment was induced by scopolamine (1 mg/kg), a muscarinic receptor antagonist for 7 days (days 8–14). Spatial memory was assessed using Morris water maze and hippocampal level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was examined by ELISA and immunoblotting. Mice that received scopolamine alone showed impairments in acquisition and retention in Morris water maze task and increased activity of AChE in the hippocampus. Mice that receivedF. mumeand scopolamine showed no scopolamine-induced memory impairment and increased activity of AChE. In addition, treatments ofF. mumeincreased ChAT expression in the hippocampus. These results indicated thatF. mumemight enhance cognitive function via action of cholinergic neurons.

scholarly journals Rosuvastatin Improves Cognitive Function of Chronic Hypertensive Rats by Attenuating White Matter Lesions and Beta-Amyloid Deposits

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lu Zheng ◽  
Ying Cai ◽  
Baoshan Qiu ◽  
Linfang Lan ◽  
Jing Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Object Recognition ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Novel Object Recognition ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Novel Object Recognition Test

Hypertensive white matter lesion (WML) is one of common causes of vascular cognitive impairment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of rosuvastatin on cognitive impairment and its underlying mechanisms in chronic hypertensive rats. From the 8th week after establishment of stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rats (RHRSPs), rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg) or saline as a control was administrated once daily for consecutive 12 weeks by gastric gavage. Cognitive function was assessed with the Morris water maze test and novel object recognition test. WML was observed by Luxol fast blue staining. Aβ deposits, Claudin-5, Occludin, and ZO-1 were determined by immunofluorescence. After rosuvastatin treatment, the escape latencies were decreased and the time of crossing the hidden platform was increased in the Morris water maze, compared with the vehicle-treated RHRSP group. In a novel object recognition test, the recognition index in the rosuvastatin-treated RHRSP group was significantly larger than that in the vehicle-treated RHRSP group. Rosuvastatin treatment presented with the effects of lower WML grades, higher expression of tight junction proteins Claudin-5, Occludin, and ZO-1 in the corpus callosum, and less Aβ deposits in the cortex and hippocampus. The data suggested that rosuvastatin improved the cognitive function of chronic hypertensive rats partly by attenuating WML and reducing Aβ burden.

scholarly journals Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Cognitive Function after Splenectomy in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yong Guo ◽  
Feng Ping ◽  
Yongmei Cao ◽  
Jiawei Shang ◽  
Junfeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Tnf Α

Background. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication after abdominal surgery. Several studies have reported that POCD is related to neuroinflammation caused by surgery. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can effectively inhibit the systematic inflammatory response. So, we use fish oil to study the effect of fish oil on inflammation, immunity, and cognitive behavior after splenectomy in rats. Methods. 60 SD (Sprague-Dawley) rats were randomly divided into control group (group C, n = 20 ), surgery group (group S, n = 20 ), and omega-3 (fish oil) intervention group (group F, n = 20 ). Omega-3 PUFA was injected intraperitoneally from 3 days before operation to 7 days after operation in group F, and normal saline was injected simultaneously in group S. Rats in group S and group F received splenectomy under general anesthesia. Morris water maze behavioral evaluation was performed on the first, third, fifth, and seventh day after operation. The levels of IL-1β (interleukin-1β), IL-6 (interleukin-6), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), SOD (superoxide dismutase), and GSH-PX (glutathione peroxidase) were detected. Results. Serums IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations in group S and group F were higher than those in group C ( P < 0.01 ), while those inflammatory cytokines in group F were significantly lower than those in group S ( P < 0.01 ); serum GSH-PX levels in group F were higher than group S ( P < 0.01 ). The Morris water maze behavior test performance of group F was better than that of group S ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Omega-3 PUFA can effectively improve postoperative inflammatory response, reduce the damage of antioxidant defense system, and improve postoperative cognitive function.

scholarly journals Effects of oral ingestion of hyoscyamine from Daturastramonium seeds on the hippocampus in adult Wistar rats (Rattusnorvegicus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
A. T. Idris ◽  
A.M. Sunday ◽  
A.I. Ibrahim ◽  
O.N. James ◽  
A.K. Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Novel Object Recognition ◽  
Oral Ingestion ◽  
Novel Object

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral ingestion of hyoscyamine fraction of Daturastramonium seeds on the hippocampus in adult Wistar rats. Fresh seeds of D. stramonium were procured and fractionated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Twenty-four healthy adult Wistar rats weighed 230±0.50 grams, were procured and divided equally into four groups for the experiment. The group one received an equivalent bodyweight of normal saline, while three other groups received 200, 400 and 800 mg/kgbwt of hyoscyamine fraction of D. stramonium respectively for three weeks. At the end of the experiment, the animals were subjected to memory test using Morris water maze (MWM) and Novel object recognition test (NORT) test paradigms. The data obtained were expressed as mean ± SEM and repeated measures ANOVA with Fisher’s multiple comparisons post-hoc tests were used to obtain mean differences using Minitab 17 (LLC., U.K.) statistical package software. P < 0.05  was considered statistically significant. There was a statistically significant increase in the exploration time (p = 0.031) and escape latency period (p < 0.001) in the novel object recognition and Morris water maze test between the groups in the treated compared to the control group. The CA3 region of the treated group showed significant neuronal lesions, cytoplasmic vacuolations, pyknosis and necrosis. . In conclusion, exposure to hyoscyamine fraction of D.stramonium at adulthood impaired memory in Wistar rats.  

scholarly journals The role of GFAP and vimentin in learning and memory

2019 ◽  
Vol 400 (9) ◽  
pp. 1147-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrika Wilhelmsson ◽  
Andrea Pozo-Rodrigalvarez ◽  
Marie Kalm ◽  
Yolanda de Pablo ◽  
Åsa Widestrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Trace Fear Conditioning ◽  
Memory Extinction ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Trace Fear

Abstract Intermediate filaments (also termed nanofilaments) are involved in many cellular functions and play important roles in cellular responses to stress. The upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin (Vim), intermediate filament proteins of astrocytes, is the hallmark of astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis in response to injury, ischemia or neurodegeneration. Reactive gliosis is essential for the protective role of astrocytes at acute stages of neurotrauma or ischemic stroke. However, GFAP and Vim were also linked to neural plasticity and regenerative responses in healthy and injured brain. Mice deficient for GFAP and vimentin (GFAP−/−Vim−/−) exhibit increased post-traumatic synaptic plasticity and increased basal and post-traumatic hippocampal neurogenesis. Here we assessed the locomotor and exploratory behavior of GFAP−/−Vim−/− mice, their learning, memory and memory extinction, by using the open field, object recognition and Morris water maze tests, trace fear conditioning, and by recording reversal learning in IntelliCages. While the locomotion, exploratory behavior and learning of GFAP−/−Vim−/− mice, as assessed by object recognition, the Morris water maze, and trace fear conditioning tests, were comparable to wildtype mice, GFAP−/−Vim−/− mice showed more pronounced memory extinction when tested in IntelliCages, a finding compatible with the scenario of an increased rate of reorganization of the hippocampal circuitry.

scholarly journals Timing-Dependent Protection of Swimming Exercise against d-Galactose-Induced Aging-Like Impairments in Spatial Learning/Memory in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Li ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Shuling Zhang ◽  
Xiang Hu ◽  
Huijun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Swimming Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Creb Protein

This study was designed to investigate beneficial effects of swimming exercise training on learning/memory, synaptic plasticity and CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) expression in hippocampus in a rat model of d-galactose-induced aging (DGA). Eighty adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups: Saline Control (group C), DGA (group A), Swimming exercise before DGA (group S1), and Swimming during DGA (group S2). These four groups of animals were further divided into Morris water maze training group (M subgroup) and sedentary control group (N subgroup). Spatial learning/memory was tested using Morris water maze training. The number and density of synaptophysin (Syp) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) in hippocampal dentate gyrus area, CREB mRNA and protein expression and DNA methylation levels were determined respectively with immunohistochemistry, western blot, real-time PCR, and MassArray methylation detection platform. We found that compared with group C, DGA rats showed aging-like poor health and weight loss as well as hippocampal neurodegenerative characteristics. Exercise training led to a time-dependent decrease in average escape latency and improved spatial memory. Exercise training group (S2M) had significantly increased swim distance as compared with controls. These functional improvements in S2M group were associated with higher Syp and mGluR1 values in hippocampus (p < 0.01) as well as higher levels of hippocampal CREB protein/mRNA expression and gene methylation. In conclusion, swimming exercise training selectively during drug-induced aging process protected hippocampal neurons against DGA-elicited degenerative changes and in turn maintained neuronal synaptic plasticity and learning/memory function, possibly through upregulation of hippocampal CREB protein/mRNA and reduction of DGA-induced methylation of CREB.

scholarly journals PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF TRIPHALA CHURNA INSTREPTOZOTOCIN (I. C. V.) INDUCED DEMENTIA IN RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Purabi Deka ◽  
Arun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Glutathione Level

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the memory improving activity of Triphala Churna hydro-methanolic fruit extract on learning and memory functions in Streptozotocin (I. C. V) induced dementia in rats by using morris water maze and elevated plus maze.Methods: A total of 42 albino wistar rats weighing 80-100 g were randomized into 7 equal groups as follows: Normal control group received normal saline (1 ml/kg p. o.) for 24 d, STZ treated group (3 mg/kg, i. c. v) were administered in two dosage regimen i.e. on first day and third day.), Standard group: Streptozotocin (3 mg/kg i. c. v)+Vitamin E (100 mg/kg/day p. o.) were administered for 21 d, Standard group: Streptozotocin (3 mg/kg i. c. v)+Rivastigmine (2 mg/kg/day p. o.) were administered for 21 d. The learning and memory-impaired rats were treated with Triphala Churna Formulation 1, Triphala Churna Formulation 2 and Triphala Churna Formulation 3 for 21 d (100 mg/kg p. o.). AchE activity, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione level of brain homogenate was estimated in Control/STZ (I. C. V)/Standard/Triphala Churna fruits extract treated rats.Results: Administration of Triphala Churna fruits extract significantly restored learning and memory impairment induced by STZ (I. C. V) in the elevated plus maze and morris water maze. Furthermore, in the TPLC F2 and TPLC F3 treated group brain AchE level was decreased (P≤0.01) as well as brain lipid peroxidation was also decreased (P≤0.001). Brain antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione level were increased (P≤0.001) in the TPLC1 and TPLC2 treated group when compared to the STZ treated group, TPLC F2 and TPLC F3 treated group showed significant (P≤0.001, P≤0.01) increase in superoxide dismutase level. Conclusion: Triphala Churna fruits extract has an improving effect on learning and memory impairment rats produced by Streptozotocin (I. C. V) and may have a useful effect in the treatment of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

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