scholarly journals Extent of rural women involvement in agro-based entrepreneurial activities in Imo State Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Helen A Egwuonwu ◽  
Confidence A. Iwunwanne
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Cooperative Society ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

The study assessed the extent of rural women involvement in agro-based entrepreneurial activities in Imo state, Nigeria. Data for the study were  collected using a structured questionnaire from 120 rural women through random sampling procedure. Data collected were analyzed using frequency, percentages, mean and regression analysis. Majority (73%) of the women were married with an average age and household size of  37years and 7 persons respectively. Approximately 53% had primary education with 52% belonging to cooperative society. Average farming experience and farm income were 8years and N35, 424.74 respectively. A reasonable proportion (60%) had access to credit facilities. Results showedthat the majority (53%) of the women were highly involved in agro-based entrepreneurial activities with crop production (95%), marketing (97%) and land preparation (87%) as the major agro-based entrepreneurial activities they were involved in. Women’s involvement in agro-based  entrepreneurial activities was found to be influenced by household size, membership in cooperative society and access to extension contact. The study further showed that inadequate capital (96.67%)), high cost of capital (93.33%) and inadequate skilled labour (91.67%) were major constraints to women’s involvement in agro-based entrepreneurial activities. This research therefore recommends that the women should be encouraged through enhanced access to loans and credit facilities. They should also be encouraged to belong to cooperatives and other societies which can access grants and loans as this would increase the extent of their involvement in agro-based entrepreneurial activities in the area. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Agro-based activities, rural women involvement

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Determinants of Farmers’ Participation in Off-Farm Income Employment in Ezza South Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Ucha ◽  
Ume Smiles ◽  
Justin Nnaji
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Access To Credit

The socio-economic determinants of farmers’ participation in off-farm income employment in Ezza south local government area of Ebonyi state, Nigeria were studied. The specific objectives of the study were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers, identify the off-farm income employments participated by the farmers, ascertain the determinants of farmers’ participation in off-farm income employments and identify the limiting factors to the farmers’ participation in off-farm income employments in the study area. A multi-stage random sampling procedure was used to select respondents for the study. One hundred and twenty farmers (120) were randomly selected for the study.  Data collected were analyzed using percentage responses and frequency distribution, logistic regression and 4-point Likert scale. The findings revealed that the farmers that participated in off-farm income activities were aged, educated, well experienced, large farm size, females, married and large household size. The result further revealed that high proportion of the respondents engaged in civil service, trading, motor cycle riders, auto mechanics and tricycle riders. The determinants factors to the farmers’ participants in off farm employments were household size, education level, farming experience, farm size and membership of cooperative societies. Factors limiting farmers’ participation in off-farm activities were high level of Illiteracy, poor access to credit facility, old age, inadequate power supply, poor extension services and ill health of farmers identified. There is need to enhance farmers’ access to extension services, educational program, encouraged farmers to join or form cooperatives.

scholarly journals A Post-Harvest Management Practices among Rice Farmers in Imo State Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Egwuonwu Helen Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
The Masses

The study analyzed post-harvest management practices among rice farmers in Imo State, Nigeria. This work was inspired by inadequate availability of rice in the market for the masses which reduces food security, with belief that better management processes will reduce food losses. Random sampling procedure was used in selecting 127 rice farmers and data were collected using structured questionnaire was the main tool for data collection. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive (frequency, percentages and  mean) and  inferential statistics. Farmers identified delay in harvesting (98.42%), lack of technical knowledge (95.27%), dependency on traditional threshing methods (94.48%), incomplete threshing (91.30%), improper handling operations (81.10%) as one of the various causes of post harvest losses in their rice production and processing in the study area. The post harvest management practices adopted by the farmers were as cutting the rice stalk (98.42%), reaping the panicles (94.48%), laying out the paddy-on-stalk (93.70%), stacking it to dry (92.12%) and stacking it to dry recording (89.76%). The result from the multiple regression analysis showed that age, educational level, membership of cooperative, household size, farming experience, household size, farming experience and access to credit were found to have significantly influenced on the number of post harvests management practiced by farmers. Similarly, the farmers were also able to identify various constraints to post harvest management as lack of awareness of good post harvest practices and technology, inadequate machinery, lack of incentives to store rice It was therefore recommended that extension agents should be encouraged to increase their campaign on post harvest management practices of rice and organize more training on minimization of post harvest losses on rice. Key words: Rice, post harvest losses, post harvest practices, post harvest management.  

scholarly journals Households’ Decision to Participate in Cooperative Organizations: Evidence from Farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Nsikak-Abasi A. Etim ◽  
Samuel P. Udolnyang ◽  
Elizabeth S. Ebukiba ◽  
Edet J. Udoh
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Farmer Organizations ◽  
Coefficient Of Concordance

Farmer organizations are effective mechanisms for increasing agricultural production, darners income and reducing poverty. Regrettably, farmers have not taken advantage of the lofty benefits accruable to those who voluntarily join these organizations. The study estimated the factors influencing households decision to participate in cooperative organizations and also tested the level of agreement among identified constraints linked with participation. Multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 120 farmers for the study. Primary data  were obtained using questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Probit model and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance. Results of analyses revealed that the mean age, years of educational attainment  household size and years of farming experience were 32, 15, 5 and 7 respectively. Result of probit analysis further indicate that age of the farmer, farm income, household size, participation in meeting, major decision maker, distance of farm to the nearest road and farmers social status were the most critical factors influencing households decision to participate in cooperative organizations. Result of Kendall’s coefficient of concordance revealed that there was 0.42 (moderate agreement) between the ranking of constraints associated with farmers' participation in cooperative organizations. Furthermore, findings showed that the top five factors limiting households’ decision to participate in cooperative organizations were inadequate capital accumulation, high embezzlement of funds, poor leadership, recurring internal crises and lack of initiative. Policies to provide good and accessible roads, increase farmers incomes and encourage youths are rational options that will enhance effective participation in cooperative organizations.

scholarly journals Vulnerability of Smallholder Farmers to Climate Change-Induced Shocks in East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2162
Author(s):  
Titay Zeleke ◽  
Fekadu Beyene ◽  
Temesgen Deressa ◽  
Jemal Yousuf ◽  
Temesgen Kebede
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change

Vulnerability assessment varies widely across households, countries, and regions. Though many previous studies assessed vulnerability to climate change, their unit of analysis was aggregate. Therefore, the objective of this study was to measure the vulnerability of smallholder farmers to climate change at the household level and identify its determinant factors in east Hararghe zone. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select districts, kebeles, and sample respondents. Vulnerability as expected poverty approach was used to measure household-level vulnerability. Logit model was also used to assess factors contributing to households’ vulnerability. The study revealed that 73% of households were vulnerable to climate-induced shocks. Households with better farm experience, land size, livestock ownership, access to credit, access to extension service, social capital, access to climate information, non-farm income, and headed by a male were not vulnerable to climate change; whereas households who were living in low and midland agro-ecologies, far from the market, and participating in productive safety-net programs were vulnerable to climate change. The study indicated that the vulnerability of smallholder farmers was sensitive to the minimum income required to maintain daily life. Income-generating activities that supplement farm income should be well designed in policy to reduce the vulnerability of smallholder farmers.

scholarly journals Analysis of cocoa processing and marketing in Abia State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-61
Author(s):  
R.D. Ejike ◽  
N.M. Chidiebere-Mark
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Regression Result ◽  
Cooperative Society ◽  
Processing Cost ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The study analysed Cocoa processing and marketing in Abia State, Nigeria. It specifically assessed the socio-economic characteristics of the cocoa  processors, the structure and conduct of cocoa processors, cost and returns, marketing efficiency and constraints to cocoa processing and marketing in the study area. A total of 120 cocoa processors and marketers were randomly selected from the selected local governments  purposively chosen using a multistage sampling procedure. Structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from cocoa processors who also engage in marketing of cocoa. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results show that majority (56.7%) of the processors and marketers were males, with a mean age of 51.35 years, literates (98.3%), married (86.7%), members of cooperative society (75%,), had extension contact (60%) and have a mean household size of 5 persons with 11.2 years processing and marketing experience. Cost and return analysis revealed that cocoa processing and marketing is a profitable venture and the marketers were efficient at their trade. Multiple Regression result revealed that Age, Educational level, household size, were significant variables that influence marketing efficiency of processors and marketers in the study area. Constraints identified include; transportation, spoilage, price fluctuation amongst others. The study recommends among others the provision of infrastructure like modern processing facilities and good road network by government to improve efficiency in processing and marketing of cocoa. Keywords: Cocoa processing, Cost-return, Efficiency, Marketing

scholarly journals Determinants of Food Security among Rural Women in Kaduna State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-82
Author(s):  
O. E. Olagunju ◽  
O. C. Ariyo ◽  
U. U. Emeghara ◽  
O. S. Olagunju
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Home Gardening ◽  
Collection Data

Adequate nutrition is a crucial component of a healthy society. One of the major problems of human health is malnutrition and it is in every society. Rural households engage in food production, yet, they are mostly food insecure.This study accessed the determinants of food security among rural women in Kaduna state. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to draw the sample. Four rural Local Government Areas (LGAs) were randomly selected, while three villages were randomly sampled from each LGA resulting in 12 villages. Ten percent of the rural women in each of the sampled villages were randomly selected to give a total of 240 respondents. Interview schedule was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Chi–square, Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and Regression. Mean age was 29.7±8.08 years. Most (60.4%) of the respondents were Christians. Thirty-four percent of the respondents hadsecondary education while some (40.0%) of the respondents were involved in trading. Dry season was considered as season of abundance by majority (70.8%) of the respondents. PPMC indicates that age (r=0.119; p=0.009) and household size, (r = 0.221; P = 0.001) were significantly related with household food security, while position as wife (β= 0.194), household size (β= -0.173) and monthly income (β= -0.095) were major determinants of household food security. Rural women have reasonable access to food. The study recommends that rural women should practice home gardening and domesticate animals to enhance food secured rural family.

scholarly journals Determinants of Poverty Status of Cassava-based Farmers in Imo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
M. N. Osuji
Keyword(s):  
Probit Model ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Ordered Probit ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
The Mean

The study assessed the determinants of Poverty Status of Cassava based farmers in Imo State, specifically; it examined the socio-economic characteristics of cassava farmers and assessed determinants of poverty status among cassava-based farmers in Imo state. Multistage and purposive sampling techniques were used in selecting sixty (60) cassava-based farmers in the three agricultural zones in the area. Data used for the study were obtained using structured questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Foster Greer Thorbecke (FGT) and ordered probit model. The result showed that the mean age was 50 years, 67% of the respondents were women, 47% of the respondents attended secondary education, they have 25 years mean farming experience, the mean household size was 6 persons, 88% of the farmers are married, and they have mean farm size of 1.03 hectare. The result of Foster Greer Thorbecke (FGT) analysis showed that the estimate of the poverty profile of cassava-based farmers in the study area was N62, 476.67k, the poverty incidence was 0.25, and the poverty depth and severity were 0.0659 and 0.0362 respectively. This implied that 6.59% of the total expenditure is required to close the poverty gap while in extreme cases additional 3.62% was required to cross the poverty line. The ordered probit analysis showed that education, household size, farm income and extension contact were statistically significant at 1% and 5% probability levels, respectively. Findings revealed that education, household size, farm income and extension contact were the significant determinants of farmers poverty status.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Risk Management Strategies among Arable Crop Farmers in Owerri West Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
O. B. Ibeagwa ◽  
N. C. Ehirim ◽  
G. N. Ben-Chendo ◽  
I. I. Ukoha ◽  
E. C. Osuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Arable Crop ◽  
Risk Management Strategies

The increased incidences of farming risks have been a challenge among smallholder farmers in Nigeria. This study set out to assess risk management strategies among arable crop farmers in Owerri West Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. The proportion of risk in arable crop production and the factors that influence risk in arable crop production in the study area were specifically estimated. Primary data used for the study were collected with the aid of well-structured questionnaire from eighty-four farmers in the study area. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result revealed that majority of the arable crop farmers (52.4%) were females. The average age and household size were 54 years and 5 persons respectively. Educational level, age, farming experience, farm size, household size and farm income were the factors influencing the estimated output of the farmers due to the prevalence of risk in arable crop production. The study recommended the continuous education of arable crop farmers in the area so as to increase their capacity to deal with risk on their farms.

scholarly journals Effects of access to livelihood capitals on adoption of European Union (EU) approved pesticides among cocoa-producing households in Osun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Damilola Kehinde ◽  
Akeem Abiade Tijani
Keyword(s):  
Natural Capital ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Multivariate Probit ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Cooperative Society ◽  
Livelihood Capitals

Abstract Cocoa-producing households’ access to livelihood capitals would help them to adopt EU approved pesticides successfully. However, no empirical studies have addressed these issues. This study therefore investigated the effects of access to livelihood capitals on adoption of EU approved pesticides among cocoa-producing households. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select 120 cocoa-producing households for the study. The obtained data were analysed using descriptive statistics, multivariate probit regression and double hurdle regression model. The majority of cocoa-producing households (92%) have access to natural capital, followed by physical capital (67.5%), social capital (62.5%), financial capital (58%), whereas only a few (50.8%) have access to human capital. Multivariate probit estimates showed that age (p < 0.05), gender (p < 0.05), farm size (p < 0.05), years of education (p < 0.01), farming experience (p < 0.01), household size (p < 0.01) and membership in cooperative society (p < 0.01) significantly influenced cocoa-producing households’ access to livelihood capitals. The majority of cocoa-producing households (81%) adopt approved pesticides. The first hurdle estimates showed that gender (p < 0.01), education (p < 0.05), membership in a cooperative society (p < 0.05) and access to some livelihood capitals such as human (p < 0.01), physical (p < 0.05) and financial (p < 0.01) capitals significantly influence the probability of adoption of EU approved pesticides. In the second hurdle, gender (p < 0.1), farm size (p < 0.01), household size (p < 0.01), membership in a cooperative society (p < 0.01)and access to some livelihood capitals such as human (p < 0.05), physical (p < 0.01) and social (p < 0.01) capitals are significant in determining the intensity of adopting EU approved pesticides. The study concluded that access to livelihood capitals has potentials of accelerating adoption of EU approved pesticides. Other factors include gender, education, farm size and membership in a cooperative society. Therefore, this study suggests that government policy on uptake of EU approved pesticides should pay more attention on cocoa-producing households’ access to all these factors. Most importantly, policy package to encourage access to livelihood capitals must be strongly advocated.

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