scholarly journals Effects of access to livelihood capitals on adoption of European Union (EU) approved pesticides among cocoa-producing households in Osun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Damilola Kehinde ◽  
Akeem Abiade Tijani
Keyword(s):  
Natural Capital ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Multivariate Probit ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Cooperative Society ◽  
Livelihood Capitals

Abstract Cocoa-producing households’ access to livelihood capitals would help them to adopt EU approved pesticides successfully. However, no empirical studies have addressed these issues. This study therefore investigated the effects of access to livelihood capitals on adoption of EU approved pesticides among cocoa-producing households. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select 120 cocoa-producing households for the study. The obtained data were analysed using descriptive statistics, multivariate probit regression and double hurdle regression model. The majority of cocoa-producing households (92%) have access to natural capital, followed by physical capital (67.5%), social capital (62.5%), financial capital (58%), whereas only a few (50.8%) have access to human capital. Multivariate probit estimates showed that age (p < 0.05), gender (p < 0.05), farm size (p < 0.05), years of education (p < 0.01), farming experience (p < 0.01), household size (p < 0.01) and membership in cooperative society (p < 0.01) significantly influenced cocoa-producing households’ access to livelihood capitals. The majority of cocoa-producing households (81%) adopt approved pesticides. The first hurdle estimates showed that gender (p < 0.01), education (p < 0.05), membership in a cooperative society (p < 0.05) and access to some livelihood capitals such as human (p < 0.01), physical (p < 0.05) and financial (p < 0.01) capitals significantly influence the probability of adoption of EU approved pesticides. In the second hurdle, gender (p < 0.1), farm size (p < 0.01), household size (p < 0.01), membership in a cooperative society (p < 0.01)and access to some livelihood capitals such as human (p < 0.05), physical (p < 0.01) and social (p < 0.01) capitals are significant in determining the intensity of adopting EU approved pesticides. The study concluded that access to livelihood capitals has potentials of accelerating adoption of EU approved pesticides. Other factors include gender, education, farm size and membership in a cooperative society. Therefore, this study suggests that government policy on uptake of EU approved pesticides should pay more attention on cocoa-producing households’ access to all these factors. Most importantly, policy package to encourage access to livelihood capitals must be strongly advocated.

scholarly journals Decomposition Analysis of Poverty among Rural Farming Household in Oyo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Adeleye Ifeoluwa A. ◽  
Obabire Ibikunle E. ◽  
Fasuan Yetunde O. ◽  
Babadiji Abike O.
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Farming Households

The incidence of poverty in Nigeria is worrisome, and it has constituted a national menace. The occurrence of poverty incidence had been found to be more pronounced among Rural farming households in the country. However, paucity of data exists in terms of decomposition of household poverty into relevant subgroups using their socio-economic characteristics. Therefore, this paper assessed the decomposition analysis of poverty among rural farming Households in Oyo State, Nigeria using the data collected through a well-structured interview schedule from 170 respondents who were selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data collected were described using frequency counts and percentage while poverty Indices was analyzed using Foster-Greer Thorbecke model and Decomposition analysis. The findings revealed that higher proportion (73.5%) of the respondents were above 40 years, 65.3% were male, 78.2% were married and 27.6% had secondary education, while 62.4% had household size of between 5 and 9 persons. Majority (79.4%) had farm size of more than 1.5 hectares and 62.9% had no access to remittance. Poverty incidence (P0) was 40.59%, Poverty depth/gap (P1) was 16.11% and Poverty severity (P2) was 0.09%, among the respondents using income-poverty line measure. Decomposition analysis showed that Poverty was high among households that were headed by male, young with low literacy level, and large household size. The severity of poverty was higher among households headed by labour of other farms. Effective poverty reduction strategies should therefore focus on education, livelihood diversification and control of household size.

scholarly journals Migrant Community of Nijhum Dwip: Comparative Importance of Livelihood Capitals to Adapt in This Island

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Sabnam Sarmin Luna
Keyword(s):  
Natural Capital ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Migrant Community ◽  
Livelihood Capitals

The study attempts to explore the factors behind selecting Nijhum Dwip for migration and perceive the relative importance of livelihood capitals (Human, physical, natural, financial and social) for the climate change adaptation of migrant community. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are followed in this study. Data are collected from primary and secondary sources. The study recognizes, people are moving to Nijhum Dwip rather shifting to main land despite facing numerous disasters like cyclone, river bank erosion, flood, storm surge, sea level rise, salinity intrusion and so on. This is mainly due to low price of land and no alternative place to shift. They consider physical capital as the strongest livelihood capital to adapt in this island followed by human capital, natural capital, financial capital as well as social capital are also suitable option for enhancing the adaptation of migrant community to settle there. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 44(2): 127-136, December 2018

scholarly journals Livelihood Analysis of the Char Dwellers Using Capital Asset Framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
MA Rahman ◽  
MA Siddik
Keyword(s):  
Natural Capital ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ganges River ◽  
Savings And Loan ◽  
Education Indicators ◽  
Livelihood Capitals ◽  
The Ganges ◽  
Capital Value

The study has been carried out in a Riverine Island of the Ganges River in Chapai Nawabganj District of Bangladesh to evaluate the livelihood status and the association between different livelihood capitals and well-being status. Both qualitative and quantitative data are collected through household questionnaire survey and field observation. Most of the surveyed households are found either poor or hard core poor. This study identified five capitals of livelihood i.e. human, social, natural, financial and physical capitals with specific indicators. Family size and education indicators of human capital, organizational attachment of social capital, total and operational land of natural capital, value of livestock, size of savings and loan of financial capital and mobile phone of physical capital are statistically significant with the well-being status. This means higher value of indicators indicate higher the well-being status. Hence, this study assumes that most of the char dwellers are poor or hard core poor because their livelihood capitals and assets are not in satisfactory level. This study suggests providing necessary institutional and organizational supports for strengthening the livelihood of char dwellers. J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 11(1-2): 27-36 2018

scholarly journals Analysis of cocoa processing and marketing in Abia State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-61
Author(s):  
R.D. Ejike ◽  
N.M. Chidiebere-Mark
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Regression Result ◽  
Cooperative Society ◽  
Processing Cost ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The study analysed Cocoa processing and marketing in Abia State, Nigeria. It specifically assessed the socio-economic characteristics of the cocoa  processors, the structure and conduct of cocoa processors, cost and returns, marketing efficiency and constraints to cocoa processing and marketing in the study area. A total of 120 cocoa processors and marketers were randomly selected from the selected local governments  purposively chosen using a multistage sampling procedure. Structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from cocoa processors who also engage in marketing of cocoa. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results show that majority (56.7%) of the processors and marketers were males, with a mean age of 51.35 years, literates (98.3%), married (86.7%), members of cooperative society (75%,), had extension contact (60%) and have a mean household size of 5 persons with 11.2 years processing and marketing experience. Cost and return analysis revealed that cocoa processing and marketing is a profitable venture and the marketers were efficient at their trade. Multiple Regression result revealed that Age, Educational level, household size, were significant variables that influence marketing efficiency of processors and marketers in the study area. Constraints identified include; transportation, spoilage, price fluctuation amongst others. The study recommends among others the provision of infrastructure like modern processing facilities and good road network by government to improve efficiency in processing and marketing of cocoa. Keywords: Cocoa processing, Cost-return, Efficiency, Marketing

scholarly journals An economic study on maize residue practices in Dinajpur district

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
MT Uddin ◽  
A Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Natural Capital ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Logit Regression Model ◽  
Residue Retention

The study was conducted to examine the maize residue practices and its impact on productivity, profitability on succeeding crop and farmers’ livelihood. A total of 60 farmers from Ghoraghat upazila of Dinajpur district were selected randomly for data collection. Descriptive statistics (i.e., sum, average, percentages, ratios, etc.), profitability analysis and logit model were employed to achieve the objectives. In case of pattern of maize residue retention, whole retention method was the highest and it was 78.2 percent. The whole retention of maize residue was found higher in far distance plots from homestead and it was 82.8 percent. The highest utilization of maize residue was identified as organic fertilizer and it was 82.2 percent. Due to maize residue practices, both crop and livestock were benefited through resource interdependences. The productivity, profitability and annual income of succeeding crop i.e., Aman rice were higher due to maize residue practicing. The result of logit regression model shows that the farm size, age of household head, farm income and non-farm income were found as significant variables in explaining the maize residue adoption. The access on human capital, social capital, financial capital, natural capital and physical capital were increased by 23.5, 22.7, 26.7, 10.6 and 18.8 percent, respectively due to the practice of maize residue in comparison to traditional farming. The study recommended that farmers could enhance their livelihood if they get proper training facilities and extension services for maize residue management.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(2): 209-218, December 2016

scholarly journals Willingness to Pay for Biofuel Among Small-Scale Food Processors in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1426-1432
Author(s):  
Oluwakemi Adeola Obayelu ◽  
Aminat Olajumoke Jimoh ◽  
Foluso Temitope
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Unit Price ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Energy Product

Cooking takes the largest percentage of energy consumption and most households still depend on wood fuel energy, which contributes significantly to global warming. However, a major consideration for market infiltration of a green energy product is the willingness of consumers to pay for it. The study examined the determinants of willingness to pay for biofuel among small-scale food sellers in Ibadan metropolis. Primary data were collected from one hundred and fifty-five small-scale food sellers in Ibadan metropolis using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and probit regression. The majority of the food sellers were female (91.0%) with less than five household members (65.8%) and had tertiary education (40.0%). Most of them were not aware of biofuel (82.6%) but were willing to substitute firewood for biofuel (78.1%). The probability of willingness to pay for biofuel was increased by household size, being a female but reduced by bid at the unit price of ₦500 per litre. However, it was reduced by household size and education at ₦600 per litre. Based on the findings of this study, the entrepreneurs should take advantage of the emerging biofuel market by creating awareness of green energy and its benefits among the citizenry while government should support its production so that it can be sold at affordable price.

scholarly journals Dinamika Pemberdayaan Kelembagaan Komunitas Petani Dalam Mewujudkan Ketahanan Pangan Pedesaan di Kabupaten Buru.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idrus Hentihu ◽  
Samsia Umasugi ◽  
Abdul Latif Wabula ◽  
Said Abdurahman Assagaf ◽  
Abdi Wael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Village Communities ◽  
Livelihood Capitals

Abstract The main objective of this research is to examine the dynamics and role of institutional security in the rural farming community in an effort to achieve sustainable food security, based on a diversity of sociological and ecological aspects. The specific objectives of this study are to: (1) identify social maps and livelihood capitals (human capital, social capital, natural capital, physical capital, financial capital) of the village community, (2) identify the policy process and the results of implementing community empowerment programs in realizing the food security of village communities, (3) identify the role and analyse the level of participation of local institutions, government and private intervention in realizing the food security of village communities, and (4) analyse the dynamics of institutions and actors (community, government, private sector, and universities) in accessing and utilizing livelihood capitals at the local level to realize the food security of village communities. Researchers took two research locations from the typology of different farming communities (coastal and mountainous farming communities). It is expected that the results of this study can also compare similarities and differences in the dynamics of institutional empowerment processes in coastal and mountainous farming communities in an effort to realize the food security of rural communities.

scholarly journals Changing Agro-Pastoral Livelihoods under Collective and Private Land Use in Xinjiang, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Li ◽  
Tracy Hruska ◽  
Shalima Talinbayi ◽  
Wenjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Annual Series ◽  
Livelihood Assets ◽  
Livelihood Capitals

After the founding of P. R. China, land use in rural China was organized under two successive paradigms: state-directed collectivization from 1958–1984 (the Collective Era), and privatization after 1984 (the Household Land Contract Period, HLCP). Taking Nileke County of Xinjiang as a case study, this research analyzed the livelihood changes of agro-pastoralists over the two periods using quantitative household livelihood assets—financial, physical, natural, human, and social capital—as indicators. Using annual series data of the five livelihood capitals, a comprehensive livelihood assets index (CLAI) was calculated by two-stage factor analysis. Higher CLAI scores meant better living and reduced poverty for agro-pastoralists. Quantitative results were validated and detailed with semi-structured household interviews. The results showed that CLAI slightly increased during the HLCP in comparison to the Collective Era, mainly due to increases in financial and physical capital. In contrast, natural and social capital showed downward trends, indicating that alleviation of poverty came at the cost of natural resources and social justice. Natural capital was the main contributor to agro-pastoralist livelihoods during the Collective Era, but diminished and was replaced by financial capital during the HLCP. Based on the findings, we put forward policy suggestions to improve community land management and sustainable livelihoods as part of future poverty alleviation efforts.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Determinants of Farmers’ Participation in Off-Farm Income Employment in Ezza South Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Ucha ◽  
Ume Smiles ◽  
Justin Nnaji
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Access To Credit

The socio-economic determinants of farmers’ participation in off-farm income employment in Ezza south local government area of Ebonyi state, Nigeria were studied. The specific objectives of the study were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers, identify the off-farm income employments participated by the farmers, ascertain the determinants of farmers’ participation in off-farm income employments and identify the limiting factors to the farmers’ participation in off-farm income employments in the study area. A multi-stage random sampling procedure was used to select respondents for the study. One hundred and twenty farmers (120) were randomly selected for the study.  Data collected were analyzed using percentage responses and frequency distribution, logistic regression and 4-point Likert scale. The findings revealed that the farmers that participated in off-farm income activities were aged, educated, well experienced, large farm size, females, married and large household size. The result further revealed that high proportion of the respondents engaged in civil service, trading, motor cycle riders, auto mechanics and tricycle riders. The determinants factors to the farmers’ participants in off farm employments were household size, education level, farming experience, farm size and membership of cooperative societies. Factors limiting farmers’ participation in off-farm activities were high level of Illiteracy, poor access to credit facility, old age, inadequate power supply, poor extension services and ill health of farmers identified. There is need to enhance farmers’ access to extension services, educational program, encouraged farmers to join or form cooperatives.

scholarly journals Determinants of household preference for beef to pork in Umuahia Metropolis of Abia State, Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
F.C. Okoronkwo ◽  
J.C. Efedua ◽  
T.A. Amusa
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Household Heads

The study ascertained the determinants of households’ preference for beef to pork in Umuahia Metropolis of Abia State, Nigeria. Using multi-stage random sampling procedure, data were collected from eighty household heads for the study. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive  statistics, ordinary least square and probit regression analysis. Findings from the study showed that beef was most preferred with 63.75% of  households indicated preferences for beef to pork while 36.25% of households preferred port to beef. The study also revealed age of household head, and price of meat negatively influenced meat consumption while household size and average monthly income had positive influence and the R2 was 0.675 which implied 67.5% of the variation in the meat consumption was explained by the independent variables. From the probit regressionmodel the results showed age of household heads and price of pork had a negative coefficient and were significant at 10% and 5% level of probability respectively, while household size, education level, and household income had positive coefficient and were significant at 1%, 5%, and 1% level of probability, respectively. The Chi square was 135.485 which indicated the goodness of fit for the equation and was significant at 1% level of probability. The study recommended beef marketing as a good venture in the study area; beef was most preferred meat in the study. Hence, it is recommended that unemployed persons should be encouraged to venture into beef marketing; also, there is huge potential for pork marketing in the study area. Key words: preferences, household, beef, pork

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