scholarly journals Comment: Legitimizing Gerrymandering in the Harari Regional State Contrary to the Principle of Equality of Votes

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-296
Author(s):  
Simeneh Kiros Assefa
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
National Council ◽  
State Constitution ◽  
Regional State ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Legal Foundation ◽  
Article 50 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Minority Ethnic ◽  
Federal Supreme

The National Election Board of Ethiopia (NEBE) had rejected the request to enable ethnic-Hararis who reside outside Harari Regional State to vote in the election of Harari National Council members. The Board stated that it is not bound by prior practices that do not have constitutional foundation. The Board further noted that accepting such demand would jeopardize the fairness and impartiality of the Board against other minority ethnic groups whose members reside outside their national state.  NEBE argued that article 50(2) of the Harari Constitution contradicts the provision of article 50(3) of the FDRE Constitution. However, based on the Harari National Council’s petition to the Federal Supreme Court, the decision of NEBE has been reversed, and this has been further affirmed by the FSC Cassation Division. This comment examines the legal foundation and propriety of the decisions of the Federal Supreme Court and the FSC Cassation Division. Inter alia, the FSC Cassation Division has misinterpreted a provision under article 50(2) of the Harari Regional State Constitution that expressly refers to the right to be candidate in elections at place of birth as opposed to voting rights irrespective of residence. 

scholarly journals Kedudukan Kesaksian Polisi Penangkap Dalam Pemeriksaan Perkara Tindak Pidana Penyalahgunaan Narkoba

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-128
Author(s):  
Teuku Hendra Gunawan ◽  
Dahlan Ali ◽  
M. Nur Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Police Presence ◽  
Article 50 ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

Putusan No. 1531 K/Pid.Sus/2010 Mahkamah Agung memutus bebas terdakwa tindak pidana narkotikabernama Ket San.Salah satu pertimbangan utama Mahkamah Agung adalah perihal kedudukan 2 (dua) orang polisi yang menangkap Ket San yang kemudian juga hadir sebagai saksi dipersidangan. Permasalahan yang perlu dikaji yaitu hubungan antara tersangka dengan polisi penangkapdan pembuktian kesaksian polisi penangkap dalam perkara tindak pidana penyalahgunaan narkoba.Tujuan penulisan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tersangka dengan polisi penangkap dan bagaimana kekuatan pembuktian saksipolisi penangkap dalam perkara penyalahgunaan narkoba.Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa selama proses pemeriksaan berlangsung, seseorang yang disangka atau didakwa melakukan sesuatu tindak pidana dilindungi oleh hukum sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 50 sampai Pasal 68 KUHAP. Polisi Penangkap boleh bersaksi sepanjang memenuhi kualifikasi saksi sebagaimana diatur Pasal 1 angka 26 dan 27 KUHAP dan tidak dapat dipertimbangkan apabila keterangan saksi tersebut bertentangan dengan Pasal 185 ayat (6) KUHAP, secara formal kehadiran polisi penangkap di persidangan pada saat memberi keterangan yang sifatnya verbalisan. Disarankan bagi instansi penegak hukum untuk profesionalisme, wajib menghormati hak orang yang melakukan tindak pidana dalam memperoleh hak-haknya danketerangan saksi yang berasal dari Polisi Penangkap saja dalam satu perkara pidana sebaiknya dihindari kecuali Penuntut Umum memiliki alat bukti lain yang untuk mendukung pembuktian di persidangan.Ruling No. 1531 K/Pid. Sus/2010 Supreme Court break free of narcotics crime defendants named Ket San. One of the main considerations of the Supreme Court is about the position of two policemen who arrested Ket San which is then also present as witness in the courts. Problems that need to be examined are; the relationship between the suspect with police catcher and  the strength of police testimony in the case Crime Catcher drug abuse. The purpose of writing to find out the relationship between the suspect and catcher with the police how the strength of police testimony in the case Crime Catcher drug abuse. The research method used i.e. empirical juridical. The results of the research it is known that during the review process progresses, a person who is suspected or claimed to do something criminal acts are protected by law as set forth in article 50 to Article 68 Code of Criminal Procedure (KUHAP). Police Capture may testify all meet the qualifications of the witness as provided for article 1 numbers 26 and 27 Code of Criminal Procedure and cannot be taken into consideration when the witnesses are contrary to Article 185 paragraph (6) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, formally capture police presence is used at the time of giving the information to its verbalisan. Recommended for law enforcement agencies to work are professionalism, respect the right of the person obligated to perform criminal acts in obtaining his rights. And witnesses who came from the police only Catcher in one criminal cases should be avoided unless the Prosecutor has evidence sufficient to support another proof in court.

scholarly journals CONTROLE JUDICIAL DA EFETIVAÇÃO DO DIREITO À SAÚDE E O PRINCÍPIO DA ESCASSEZ

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Alexandre Machado De Oliveira ◽  
Celso De Barros Correia Neto
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Judicial Control ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Finance Law ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Right ◽  
Federal Supreme

RESUMO: O artigo discute os parâmetros do controle judicial da efetivação do direito à saúde, considerando especialmente o princípio da escassez. A metodologia adotada abrange revisão bibliográfica da doutrina de direito constitucional, financeiro e sanitário, conjugada com a análise da jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal. O artigo compreende oito tópicos, que envolvem uma abordagem do direito fundamental à saúde; a escassez dos recursos para a efetivação deste direito fundamental social; para, enfim, ingressar na questão do controle judicial de sua efetivação, abordando os desafios da realização de uma justiça distributiva, a necessidade de uma abordagem centrada na população, os critérios estabelecidos pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, resultando na proposta de uma decisão que se afaste da regra de resgate e passível de uma audiência universal.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Direito Financeiro. Direito à Saúde. Princípio da Escassez. Controle Judicial. SUMMARY: This article studies the judicial control of the effetuation of the right to health considering the lack of scarce resources. The methodology includes a literature review of the constitutional, finance and health law doctrine, combined with the analysis of the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court jurisprudence. This article comprises eight topics, which involve a fundamental right to health approach; the scarce resources for the effetuation of this fundamental social right; finally, to enter the issue of judicial review of its effectiveness, addressing the challenges of achieving distributive justice, the need for an approach based on population, the criteria established by the Supreme Court, resulting in the proposal for a decision that departs the rescue rule and be subject to an universal audience.KEYWORDS: Public Finance Law. Right to Health. Scarcity Principle. Judicial control.

scholarly journals JUDICIAL REVIEW OF LEGISLATION BY ADMINISTRATIVE BODIES AND NATIONAL COUNCIL OF JUSTICE: LIMITS AND POSSIBILITIES IN DIALOGUE WITH CONSTITUTIONAL JURISDICTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (57) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Paulo Gonet BRANCO ◽  
Ilton Norberto ROBL FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Control Parameter ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
National Council ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
Robust System ◽  
Federal Supreme

ABSTRACT Objectives: The constitutional powers of the National Council of Justice challenge a constitutionally appropriate interpretation of its functions and constitutional consequences. This article analyzes the incidental control of constitutionality of administrative acts by such Council, based on article 37 of the Constitution of 1988, with the possibility to decline application of the law interpreted as unconstitutional. Methodology: The methodology used in this study is phenomenological-hermeneutic with literature review and analysis of the jurisprudence of the National Council of Justice and the Federal Supreme Court. Results:The thesis sustained in this paper states that the control of constitutionality of laws by administrative bodies loses relevance with the adoption of a robust system of judicial review in incidental and abstract forms, as currently observed in Brazil. On the other hand, exceptionally, due to the powers of article 103-B, I and II of § 4 of the Federal Constitution, the National Council of Justice may carry out judicial review by administrative bodies, having as its control parameter especially article 37 of Federal Constitution, but with limitations and due deference to the precedents of the Federal Supreme Court to apply the constitutional principles of government and to resolve the conflict between constitutional norms. Contributions: The study mentions the peculiarities of the National Council of Justice (instituted by Constitutional Amendment No. 45/2004) that are of special interest to analyze its institutional design and its place in rule of law, discussing the possibility of judicial review of administrative acts by the National Council of Justice with the nonapplication of laws not yet declared unconstitutional by the Courts.KEYWORDS: National Council of Justice; judicial review by administrative bodies; jurisdiction; Federal Supreme Court. RESUMO Objetivos: As competências constitucionais do Conselho Nacional de Justiça desafiam uma interpretação constitucionalmente adequada das funções e das suas consequências constitucionais. Este artigo analisa o controle incidental de constitucionalidade dos atos administrativos do mencionado Conselho, a partir do art. 37 da Constituição de 1988, com a possibilidade de afastamento da lei interpretada como inconstitucional. Metodologia: A metodologia utilizada neste estudo é fenomenológico-hermenêutica com revisão da literatura e análise da jurisprudência do Conselho Nacional de Justiça e do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Resultados:A tese sustentada neste trabalho afirma que o controle de constitucionalidade de leis por órgãos administrativos perde relevância com a adoção de robusto sistema de controle judicial de constitucionalidade nas modalidades incidental e abstrata, conforme se observa atualmente no Brasil. De outro lado, excepcionalmente em razão das competências dos incisos I e II do § 4º. do art. 103B, da Constituição de 1988, o Conselho Nacional de Justiça pode realizar controle administrativo de constitucionalidade, tendo como parâmetro de controle especialmente o art. 37 da Constituição de 1988, mas tendo limite e devendo deferência à jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal para concretizar os princípios constitucionais da administração pública e para solucionar a colisão entre normas constitucionais. Contribuições: O estudo traz as peculiaridades do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (instituído pela Emenda Constitucional nº. 45/2004), que são de especial interesse para analisar-se sua estrutura institucional e seu lugar no regramento do Direito ao discutir a possibilidade de revisão judicial de atos administrativos pel Conselho Nacional de Justiça co a não aplicação de leis ainda não declaradas inconstitucionais pelos tribunais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Conselho Nacional de Justiça; controle de constitucionalidade administrativo; jurisdição; Supremo Tribunal Federal.

Felony Trials Without a Jury

1931 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 980-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. C. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Jury Trial ◽  
Administrative Discretion ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Open Court ◽  
Jury Trials ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Judicial Procedure ◽  
The Right ◽  
Federal Supreme

Recent crime surveys have shown that the majority of contested felony cases are never tried in open court, being settled instead by the striking of a “bargain” between the defendant and the prosecuting officer. Administrative discretion has thus largely supplanted judge and jury alike. The practice has been severely criticized by Professor Moley, who characterizes it as “ psychologically more akin to a game of poker than to a process of justice,” being “an attempt to get as much as possible from an unwilling giver” rather than “a search for truth.” In view of the technicalities and delay that were permitted to develop in connection with jury trials, the utilization of some such avenue of escape would seem to have been inevitable. The practice may be expected to develop still further unless judicial procedure is improved to a point where a trial becomes an efficient means of disposing of contested criminal cases.In most jurisdictions, the only alternative to such a compromise agreement has been a jury trial. Trial by a judge alone, the right to a jury being waived, has been regarded as of doubtful constitutionality. Recent decisions of the federal Supreme Court and of the supreme court of Illinois, sustaining such non-jury trials even in the absence of statutory authorization, have gone far toward dispelling this doubt, and warrant an examination of the practical working of the waiver plan in those jurisdictions where it has been given a trial.

scholarly journals Social Justice in a Multicultural Society: Experience from the UK

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Craig
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Just Society ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Social justice is a contested concept. For example, some on the left argue for equality of outcomes, those on the right for equality of opportunities, and there are differing emphases on the roles of state, market and individual in achieving a socially just society. These differences in emphasis are critical when it comes to examining the impact that public policy has on minority ethnic groups. Social justice should not be culture-blind any more than it can be gender-blind yet the overwhelming burden of evidence from the UK shows that public policy, despite the political rhetoric of fifty years of governments since large-scale immigration started, has failed to deliver social justice to Britain’s minorities. In terms of outcomes, in respect for and recognition of diversity and difference, in their treatment, and in the failure of governments to offer an effective voice to minorities, the latter continue to be marginalised in British social, economic and political life. This is not an argument for abandoning the project of multiculturalism, however, but for ensuring that it is framed within the values of social justice.

Constitutional aspects of the reform of the Polish justice system in 2017–2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 276-293
Author(s):  
Mateusz Radajewski
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
National Council ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
European Regulations

Summary The article concerns the issue of constitutionality of the reform of the justice system in Poland in 2017–2018, which resulted in significant changes of the functioning of the National Council of the Judiciary and the Supreme Court. When discussing the reform of the Supreme Court, the author first of all points to the constitutional problems associated with the premature retirement of some of its judges, which is also connected with the interruption of the six-year term of the First President of the Supreme Court. A separate issue discussed in the article is the introduction to the Supreme Court the lay judges, which is a unique phenomenon on the global scale. The analyses lead the author to formulate final conclusions, also referring to the European regulations and to refer to the unconstitutionality of the solutions adopted by the Polish parliament.

The Right to Housing: Challenges Associated with the ‘Waiting List System’ Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality V Various Occupiers, Eden Park Extension 5 2014 3 SA 23 (SCA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Shamier Ebrahim
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Waiting Lists ◽  
The State ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Allocation Process ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Court Of Appeal

The right to adequate housing is a constitutional imperative which is contained in section 26 of the Constitution. The state is tasked with the progressive realisation of this right. The allocation of housing has been plagued with challenges which impact negatively on the allocation process. This note analyses Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality v Various Occupiers, Eden Park Extension 51 which dealt with a situation where one of the main reasons provided by the Supreme Court of Appeal for refusing the eviction order was because the appellants subjected the unlawful occupiers to defective waiting lists and failed to engage with the community regarding the compilation of the lists and the criteria used to identify beneficiaries. This case brings to the fore the importance of a coherent (reasonable) waiting list in eviction proceedings. This note further analyses the impact of the waiting list system in eviction proceedings and makes recommendations regarding what would constitute a coherent (reasonable) waiting list for the purpose of section 26(2) of the Constitution.

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