scholarly journals Antagonistic effect of Bacillus thuringiensis for the control of bacterial wilt of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Akintokun ◽  
C.O. Ojesola ◽  
P.O. Akintokun ◽  
A.R. Oloyede
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Antagonistic Effect

scholarly journals In-Vitro Antagonistic Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis on Ralstonia solanacearum, the Causal Agent of Bacterial Wilt Disease of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill).

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-193
Author(s):  
C.O Ojesola ◽  
A.K Akintokun ◽  
P.O Akintokun ◽  
A.R Oloyede
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Cultivated Soil

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill) is a rich source of vitamins, minerals and lycopene, which has many health benefits. However, its production is hampered by bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum resulting in significant yield losses. Use of chemicals in the control of plant pathogens has detrimental effects on humans and the environment in terms of leaving residues in soil which later find their way into underground waters. Therefore, it is desirable to find an alternative to chemical control of this bacterial pathogen. This study investigates the potential of native Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for biological control of Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) under laboratory conditions. B. thuringiensis was isolated from cultivated soil, non- cultivated soil, stagnant water, sawdust, horse dung, grain dust, dead leaves and poultry manure. R. solanacearum was isolated from stem exudates of bacterial wilt infected plants and its pathogenicity assay was carried out using 2-week-old seedlings of Beske tomato variety. The Bt and R. solanacearum isolates were then characterized phenotypically. Bt isolates were further identified using endospore and parasporal staining techniques. All the Bt isolates were tested for in-vitro antagonistic activity on R. solanacearum using agar well diffusion method. Isolates Bt2, Bt16, Bt17, Bt32 and Bt34 were confirmed as Bacillus thuringiensis while isolate Rs was confirmed as R. solanacearum. Beske showed wilting symptoms from the fourth day of inoculation and eventual death of seedlings. The zone of inhibition exhibited ranged from 0.0 mm to 20.0 mm. Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis, In-vitro, Bacterial wilt, Ralstonia solanacearum, Tomato

scholarly journals Bioatividade de produtos fitossanitários utilizados na cultura do tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) a Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) nas gerações F1 e F2

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo Andrade Carvalho ◽  
José Roberto Postali Parra ◽  
Gilberto Casadei Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Anagasta Kuehniella ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill

A bioatividade de dezoito produtos químicos utilizados no controle de pragas e doenças do tomateiro, sobre duas linhagens de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (L9=Alegre, ES e L10= Venda Nova do Imigrante, ES), nas gerações F1 e F2, foi investigada em laboratório. Ovos de Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) contendo o parasitóide em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento (ovo-larva, pré-pupa e pupa) foram tratados por meio de imersão nas respectivas caldas químicas. Os inseticidas triflumuron, clorfluazuron, deltametrina, Bacillus thuringiensis, lambdacialotrina, teflubenzuron, acefato, pirimicarb e ciromazina, e os fungicidas benomil, iprodiona, clorotalonil e dimetomorf, independente da linhagem, não reduziram a longevidade das fêmeas de T. pretiosum da geração F1. Os inseticidas abamectin, cartap, metamidofós e lambdacialotrina afetaram a razão sexual de indivíduos da geração F1, e não reduziram a taxa de emergência de parasitóides da F2, independente do estágio de desenvolvimento e da origem da população de T. pretiosum. Parasitóides de Venda Nova do Imigrante, ES (L10) mostraram-se mais susceptíveis que os de Alegre, ES (L9) aos efeitos dos compostos avaliados. De modo geral, a fase de pupa de T. pretiosum, independente da população, apresentou maior tolerância aos produtos testados. Recomenda-se a realização de novos testes para outras populações desse parasitóide que serão utilizadas no controle de pragas, pois podem responder de forma diversa aos produtos fitossanitários avaliados.

scholarly journals Antagonistic Effect of Eight Sri Lankan Isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens on, Meloidogyne incognita in Tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 1980-1986
Author(s):  
K.M.D.W.P. Nishantha ◽  
H.D.C.M. Jayasiri ◽  
H.A.L.H.K. Herath ◽  
M.M. Nugaliyadde ◽  
M.L.M.C. Dissanayake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Sri Lankan

scholarly journals Effects of gallic acid and Zn, Cu, and Ni on antioxidant enzyme activities of Hyphantria cunea larvae infected with Bacillus thuringiensis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Fatma Topkara ◽  
Oğuzhan Yanar ◽  
Fatma Gönül Solmaz
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Hyphantria Cunea ◽  
Antagonistic Effects

Abstract The effects of copper, nickel, and zinc and the potent antioxidant gallic acid on the antioxidant enzyme activities of Hyphantria cunea larvae infected with Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki have been identified in this study. With metal exposure, all the enzyme activities have increased. Antagonistic effects were observed in the combination of gallic acid with all three metals on the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. In glutathione peroxidase activity, an antagonistic effect was observed in gallic acid plus nickel group, while there was a synergistic effect for gallic acid plus zinc and gallic acid plus copper. Activities of these enzymes in larvae exposed only to the metals increased in the infected groups; while exposure to gallic acid alone elicited a decrease. As a consequence, it was found that enzyme activities were affected by both metals and gallic acid and infection.

scholarly journals Efeito de produtos fitossanitários utilizados na cultura do tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) sobre Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 nas gerações F1 e F2 em ovos de Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller, 1879)

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo Andrade Carvalho ◽  
José Roberto Postali Parra ◽  
Gilberto Casadei Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Anagasta Kuehniella ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill

Duas populações de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879, provenientes de Alegre, ES = L9 e Venda Nova do Imigrante, ES = L10, foram submetidas aos principais produtos fitossanitários utilizados na cultura do tomateiro, após serem multiplicadas em ovos de Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller). Os ovos desse hospedeiro foram tratados e oferecidos ao parasitismo decorridas 0, 24 e 48 horas após o tratamento, e mantidos em câmaras climáticas a 25 ± 2ºC, UR de 60 ± 10% e fotofase de 14 horas. Os inseticidas deltametrina, abamectin e metamidofós, independentemente da linhagem de T. pretiosum, reduziram a longevidade de fêmeas da geração maternal. Triflumuron, clorfluazuron, benomil, clorotalonil, Bacillus thuringiensis, mancozeb, dimetomorf, tebufenozide, teflubenzuron, acefato, pirimicarbe, iprodiona, metamidofós e ciromazina não afetaram a capacidade de parasitismo de T. pretiosum na geração F1, independentemente da origem da população, e não afetaram a porcentagem de emergência dos indivíduos da geração F2, das duas linhagens.

scholarly journals BACTERIAL WILT INCIDENCE IN TOMATO AS AFFECTED BY CULTIVAR AND THE DEPTH OF LIME INCORPORATION.

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 268F-268
Author(s):  
R. Ssonkko ◽  
S.J. Locascio ◽  
R.E. Stall ◽  
D.N. Maynard
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Lime Treatment ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Wilt Incidence

A single lime application of 5.4 t/ha per 20 cm increment of soil to a depth of 60 cm controlled bacterial wilt (Psendomonas solanacearum E. Smith) up to 2 years in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) growing in a naturally infested soil. `Sunny' with 64% disease incidence, was the most susceptible, `Capitan' (20%) was intermediate, and `Caraibo' (5%) and `Hawaii 7997' (2%) were the least susceptible. Incorporation of lime 40 to 60 cm deep reduced bacterial wilt incidence in 'Capitan' by 75%, and 60% in `Sunny'. The number of bacteria in the soil was not affected by lime treatment. Soil pH and total Caincreased linearly with time and with depth of lime incorporation. Bacterial wilt control in `Sunny' and `Capitan' was associated with an increase in pH. Liming to 40 or 60 cm generally increased leaf Ca and decreased Mn, Zn, and Cu. `Hawaii 7997' contained significantly higher concentrations of Ca, Mg, and K, and lower Cu compared to 'Sunny'. `Hawaii 7997' produced significantly higher yields than the other cultivars. Deep lime incorporation increased fruit weight of `Sunny' by 184% and 'Capitan' by 79% as compared with 0 lime.

Antagonistic Effect of Truncated Fragments of Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa on the Larvicidal Activity of its Full-length Protein

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patcharaporn Boonyos ◽  
Chutchanun Trakulnalueamsai ◽  
Amporn Rungrod ◽  
Sukumal Chongthammakun ◽  
Boonhiang Promdonkoy
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Specific Receptor ◽  
Terminal Part ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Insect Gut

Background: Vip3Aa is a vegetative insecticidal protein produced by Bacillus thuringiensis. The protein is produced as an 88- kDa protoxin that could be processed by insect gut proteases into a 22-kDa N-terminal and a 66-kDa Cterminal fragments. The C-terminal part could bind to a specific receptor while the N-terminal part is required for toxicity and structural stability. Objective: To demonstrate the antagonistic effect of truncated fragments on the insecticidal activity of the full-length Vip3Aa. Methods: The full-length protein (Vip3Aa), a 66-kDa C-terminal fragment (Vip3Aa-D199) and a predicted carbohydrate binding module (CBM) were produced in Escherichia coli. Purified proteins were mixed at different ratios and fed to Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera exigua larvae. Mortality was recorded and compared between larvae fed with individual toxin and mixtures of the full-length and truncated toxins. Results: Production level of the Vip3Aa-D199 was significantly decreased comparing to that of the full-length protein. Vip3Aa-D199 and CBM fragment were not toxic to insect larvae whereas Vip3Aa showed high toxicity with LC50 about 200 ng/cm2 . Feeding the larvae with mixtures of the Vip3Aa and Vip3Aa-D199 at different ratios revealed antagonistic effect of the Vip3Aa-D199 on the toxicity of Vip3Aa. Results showed that the lethal time ( LT50 and LT95) of larvae fed the mixture toxins was longer than those fed the Vip3Aa alone. In addition, a CBM fragment could inhibit toxicity of the full-length Vip3Aa. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that the Vip3Aa-D199 and a CBM fragment could complete for the membrane binding thus rendering activity of the full-length Vip3Aa.

scholarly journals Field Testing Bacterial Wilt-resistant Tomato Somaclones

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Bobisud ◽  
Susan P. Martin ◽  
Terry T. Sekioka
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Pseudomonas Solanacearum ◽  
Fruit Pericarp ◽  
Fruit Diameter

`Healani' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) somaclones were tested in a bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum E.F. Smith) infected field. Survival percentages of selected somaclonal lines were from 40% to 100%, while the original `Healani' had a survival rate of 0% and resistant `Kewalo' had 30%. Eighteen bacterial wilt resistant somaclonal lines were selected and tested for retention of horticultural characters in a noninfected field. `Healani' significantly outyielded all tested somaclonal lines in total fruit weight and total number of fruit per plant. `Healani' had greater fruit diameter than seven of the lines, greater width of the outer wall of the fruit pericarp than seventeen of the lines, and fewer locules in the fruit than seven of the lines.

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