Thirty-year effects of liming on soil and foliage chemistry and growth of northern hardwoods in Pennsylvania, USA

The longevity of a single 22.4 Mg ha^-1 application of dolomitic limestone at four northern hardwood stands was evaluated over thirty years (1986-2016) to determine whether changes in soils, foliage, and tree growth were sustained on the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau in northern Pennsylvania, USA. In limed plots, soils, sampled to 45-55 cm depth, and sugar maple (<i>Acer saccharum</i> Marsh.) and black cherry (<i>Prunus serotina</i> Ehrh.) foliage had significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) greater concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) through 2016 compared with samples from unlimed plots. Calcium and Mg capitals (g m^-2) in the Oi through A horizon combined were greater on limed plots than unlimed plots, largely due to increases in the thickness and nutrient concentration in the A horizon. Over 30-years, sugar maple basal area increment (cm² yr^-1 BAINC) ) was greater in limed plots, American beech (<i>Fagus grandifolia</i> Ehrh.) BAINC was unaffected, and black cherry BAINC was reduced in limed plots compared with unlimed plots. The sustained effect of this one-time lime treatment shows the strong role of efficient nutrient cycling in forests and suggests that the benefits over a substantial portion of a stand rotation may increase the feasibility of operational liming.

Influence of Lime for Enhancing Characteristics of Expansive Soils in Road Works

Expansive soils are found in black cotton soils, which swell or shrink in volume when presented to changes in moisture content. Lime treatment is exhaustively used to increment the properties of sensitive and fragile soils. One of the hugest clarifications behind using lime is to decline the developing presentation of the earth soil. The arrangement of extra safeguards improves the reaction of quicklime (CaO) with water, structures hydrated (slaked) lime (Ca (OH)2), and thus earth characteristics. The vast inadequacy of employing lime is growing the deficiency of lime offset earth. Following that, the goal of this study is to see how re-establishing time affects the geotechnical qualities of settled Black cotton soils with lime. These discoveries recommend that adding Lime as a stabilizer works on the strength of black cotton soil. Some of the characteristics of the soil likely to be increased by using stabilizer in this work are UCS (Unconfined Compressive Strength) at different curing periods (7,14,28 and 56 days), CBR (California Bearing Ratio) value at unsoaked and soaked and MDD (Maximum Dry Density) decrease at different lime percentages(%) like 2.4.6.8 and 10. The result showed here untreated soil got stabilized by using the stabilizer in certain extent In this adjustment various rates of cementitious material is added to black cotton soil and directed tests like plasticity, compaction, swell pressure, free swell index(FSI), Coefficient of permeability (k) and CBR(soaked and unsoaked) at various conditions like OMC,OMC+2% water and OMC+5% water, UCS (Unconfined Compressive Strength) was performed. From the test results, it is identified that the stabilization agent decreases plasticity and improves strength characteristics. Addition of stabilizing agent makes the black cotton soil to non-plastic, non-swelling and attains increase CBR values which are greater than 25% for a dosage of 10% lime at OMC but remaining OMC+2%water & OMC+5%water CBR values are not various much difference as per test results. With the addition of lime, the black cotton soil becomes non-plastic, non-swelling, and has high strengths. Treated soils are used as a development material, for example, a subgrade layer in the development of adaptable asphalt pavements for roads.

Mechanical Behavior of the Extraction Mud Dam for Use in the Manufacture of CEB

The aim of this work is to study the mechanical behavior of the sediments extracted from the Koudiet Meddaouar, Timgad dam (Algeria), for a possible valorization in the field for building works in order to minimize this phenomenon which is currently a concern for the operators and the persons in charge of the mobilization of the water resources. This siltation therefore severely limits its storage capacity and consequently it’s operating life. The extraction of the sediments accumulated in the dam's reservoir is therefore imperative, on the pain of seeing it perish in the medium term. These sediments are, however, of great geotechnical and mechanical value. The results of the tests conducted in the laboratory have enabled us to identify the different sediments from a physical and geotechnical point of view In front of the difficulties noted in the control of the silting up of the dams in Algeria, a very important quantity of silt being deposited annually in the dams. In order to achieve our objective, different mixtures of silt with or without lime treatment, cement glass fibers and powdered fibers were studied for the possible manufacture of Compressed Earth Bricks (CEB). The results obtained show that some of the mixtures present very interesting results in the different tests (compression and bending), verifying the conditions of the standards in force and thus allowing their use in the field of the manufacture of building materials. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091759 Full Text: PDF

Transformation of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) during Lime Treatment of Wastewater Sludge and Their Impact on Soil Bacteria

This study investigated the impact of lime stabilization on the fate and transformation of AgNPs. It also evaluated the changes in the population and diversity of the five most relevant bacterial phyla in soil after applying lime-stabilized sludge containing AgNPs. The study was performed by spiking an environmentally relevant concentration of AgNPs (2 mg AgNPs/g TS) in sludge, applying lime stabilization to increase pH to above 12 for two hours, and applying lime-treated sludge to soil samples. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to investigate the morphological and compositional changes of AgNPs during lime stabilization. After the application of lime stabilized sludge to the soil, soil samples were periodically analyzed for total genomic DNA and changes in bacterial phyla diversity using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results showed that lime treatment effectively removed AgNPs from the aqueous phase, and AgNPs were deposited on the lime molecules. The results revealed that AgNPs did not significantly impact the presence and diversity of the assessed phyla in the soil. However, lime stabilized sludge with AgNPs affected the abundance of each phylum over time. No significant effects on the soil total organic carbon (TOC), heterotrophic plate count (HPC), and percentage of the live cells were observed.

PENGARUH VARIASI PERENDAMAN UDANG VANAME (Litopenaeus vannamei) DALAM ASAM BUAH ALAMI TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR TIMBAL (Pb) DI TAMBAK TRADISIONAL PASIR SAKTI LAMPUNG TIMUR

Natural fruit acids are fruits that taste sour containing organic acids, one of which is citric acid, examples of natural fruit acids are tamarind, lime, lemon, pineapple. Natural fruit acids can be used as an ingredient for soaking food derived from fishery products to get rid of the fishy smell and give the people a flavor of cooking. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of immersion of natural fruit acids on the reduction of lead (Pb) levels in Vanamae shrimp, to determine which immersion variations had the most effect on reducing lead levels in Vanamae shrimp. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized block design (RAKL). The experiment was carried out with 5 treatments, namely Control (200 grams of shrimp without immersion), Treatment 1 (200 grams of shrimp + 25ml filtrate), Treatment 2 (200 grams of shrimp + 25ml of lime), Treatment 3 (200 grams of shrimp + 25ml filtrate lemon), and treatment 4 (200 grams of shrimp + 25 ml filtrate), each treatment was given 4 times each. Based on the analysis of the anava test, the results obtained Fhit> Fdaf, It was concluded that there was an effect of immersion in natural fruit acids on reducing the levels of lead (Pb) in Vaname shrimp meat, soaking with lime acid was the most significant to reduce the levels of lead metal Pb.

Long-Term Projection of Species-Specific Responses to Chronic Additions of Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Lime

Elevated acid deposition has been a concern in the central Appalachian region for decades. A long-term acidification experiment on the Fernow Experimental Forest in central West Virginia was initiated in 1996 and continues to this day. Ammonium sulfate was used to simulate elevated acid deposition. A concurrent lime treatment with an ammonium sulfate treatment was also implemented to assess the ameliorative effects of base cations to offset acidification. We show that the forest vegetation simulator growth model can be locally calibrated and used to project stand growth and development over 40 years to assess the impacts of acid deposition and liming. Modeled projections showed that pin cherry (initially) and sweet birch responded positively to nitrogen and sulfur additions, while black cherry, red maple, and cucumbertree responded positively to nitrogen, sulfur, and lime. Yellow-poplar negatively responded to both treatments. Despite these differences, our projections show a maximum of 5% difference in total stand volume among treatments after 40 years.

Experimental and Numerical Analysis Study on Loess-Lime Structures Used for Lateral Antiseepage in Deep Collapsible Ground Embankment

The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of loess soil treated with lime on the lateral-seepage response. Three groups of box experiments were carried out to study the lateral-seepage effect under different types of loess-lime structures. Automated testing systems were designed to perform experiments and collect data. Additionally, numerical analysis of lateral-seepage impact and embankment settlement was performed. Finally, moisture content and settlement were monitored to quantify lateral-seepage effect results under corresponding loess-lime treatment. Results showed that loess-lime compaction piles and diaphragm wall structures could effectively prevent lateral seepage, and the latter was better. The simulated results are similar to the measured values of the box experiment, which indicates the accuracy of the simulation analysis and further supports the experimental results of this study.

Chemical Pretreatment And Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Mixed Source-Separated Organic (SSO) And Wood Waste

This paper examines the effectiveness of two pretreatments on Source-Separated Organic waste (SSO) mixed with wood wastes: long term lime for SSO mixed with forestry waste (hardwoods), and the cellulose solvent-organic lignocellulose fractionation (COSLIF) method, with SSO and demolition waste (softwoods). For long term lime treatment, the highest overall conversions from cellulose to glucose and xylose were 50.4%, and 43.5% respectively. The best temperature found for long term lime pretreatment was 65°C. The COSLIF pretreatment glucose yield was found to be 93.7%. The highest enzyme hydrolysis yield found was 93.5% for a cellulase loading of 30 FPU/g glucan at 50°C. The best hydrolysis yield found at lower loading (10 FPT/g glucan), was 83.5%. At 40 and 50°C, all peak hydrolysis yields were achieved between 12 and 24 hours. A drop in temperature below 40°C caused a slowing of the hydrolysis rate.