scholarly journals Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among people living with HIV/AIDS visiting a central hospital of Kathmandu Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homa Nath Sharma ◽  
Bimal Shama Chalise ◽  
Ganesh Rai ◽  
Nabaraj Adhikari ◽  
Anup Bastola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Backgrounds: Intestinal Parasitic Infection (IPI) plays a vital role in the prognosis of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA).Aims and Objectives: In this study, we aimed to measure the prevalence and associated factors of IPI among PLHA and non-HIV patients attending Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, Teku, Kathmandu.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 193 PLHA and 111 non-HIV patients having either of gastrointestinal disorders. Direct smear, Formalin ethyl acetate sedimentation and Kinyoun’s modified acid fast staining methods were applied to detect intestinal parasites from stool samples and CD4 T-cell counts of PLHA was recorded from ART centre of hospital.Results: The overall prevalence of IPI was found to be 16.12% (19.17% in PLHA and 10.81% in non-HIV subjects). Prevalence was higher in PLHA (p<0.06) in which poly parasitic infection was common (24%) with the protozoa predominating over helminths. CD4 T-cell counts <200/μl (p<0.06) and diarrhoea (p<0.06) were associated with increased IPI in PLHA. Cryptosporidium parvum was found in 19.05% cases of PLHA having CD4 T-cell counts <200/μl.Conclusions: The higher prevalence of opportunistic protozoa among PLHA indicates the need of routine parasitic investigation using sensitive methods so that it will be helpful for the proper therapeutic management.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(5) 2017 87-92

Intestinal Parasites Infections among HIV Infected Children Under Antiretrovirals Treatment in Yaounde, Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-186
Author(s):  
William Baiye Abange ◽  
Celine Nguefeu Nkenfou ◽  
Hortense Gonsu Kamga ◽  
Clement Assob Nguedia ◽  
Nelly Kamgaing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Abstract Background Intestinal parasitic infections are among the most common communicable diseases worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes dysregulation of the immune system through the depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes which gives rise to opportunistic infections. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to October 2018. Stool and blood samples were collected from participants aged 1 to 19. Stool samples were analyzed for intestinal parasites. Blood samples were analyzed for HIV and CD4 + T cell counts. Results Out of 214 children enrolled, 119 (55.6%) were HIV infected and 95 (44.4%) were HIV non-infected. All infected children were on antiretroviral treatment (ART). The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 20.2% in HIV infected and 15.8% in non-infected children. Among the 119 HIV infected children, 33 (27.7%) of them had a CD4+ T cell count less than 500 cells/mm3, and amongst them 5.9% had CD4+ T cell count less than 200 cells/mm3. Among HIV infected children, Cryptosporidium spp. was frequently detected, 7/119 (5.9%), followed by Giardia lamblia 5/119 (4.2%) then Blastocystis hominis 3/119 (2.5%) and Entamoeba coli 3/119 (2.5%). Participants on ART and prophylactic co-trimoxazole for &gt;10 years had little or no parasite infestation. Conclusions Although ART treatment in combination with prophylactic co-trimoxazole reduces the risk of parasitic infection, 20.2% of HIV infected children harbored intestinal parasites including Cryptosporidium spp. Stool analysis may be routinely carried out in order to treat detected cases of opportunistic parasites and such improve more on the life quality of HIV infected children.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Intestinal parasitic infections in HIV infected patients presenting with diarrhea and their association with CD4+ Counts

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desh D Singh ◽  
Vinod Singh
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infection has been an important problem in HIV patients, worldwide. Hence, this study was undertaken toestablish the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among people with and without HIV infection and its association with diarrhea andCD4 T-cell count. we aimed to measure the prevalence and identify the factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection in peopleinfected with HIV. Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study in 1490 HIV-infected people attending for CD4 T-cell count wasconducted. Results: The incidence of intestinal parasitic infection was 22.4% (95% CI 29.25 to 38.25). In univariate investigation, age, sex,longer time because diagnosis of HIV, CD4 T-cell count of <200/μL, diarrhoea, wedded status, and individual under tuberculosis (TB)treatment were drastically related with increased chances of intestinal parasite infection. Nevertheless, in the logistic malfunctionrepresentation, only the CD4 T-cell count of <200/μL (accustomed OR=6.3, 95% CI 3.75 to 10.5), diarrhoea (accustomed OR=4.2,95% CI 2.7 to 6.45) and individual under TB cure (adjusted OR=4.35, 95% CI 2.7 to 6.45) remain as significant predictors. Onstratification, CD4 T-cell count of <200/ μL was independently associated with higher odds of protozoal as well as helminthes infection. Theparasites Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora were observed only in participants with CD4 T-cell counts <200/μL. Conclusions: HIV infectionincreased the risk of having intestinal parasites and diarrhoea. Therefore, raising HIV positive’s immune status and screening for intestinalparasites is important. This study showed that Immunodeficiency increased the risk of having opportunistic parasites and diarrhea. Therefore;raising patient immune status and screening at least for those treatable parasites is important.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.12203     Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 3(1): 96-100 

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccination in People Living with HIV (PLWH) in China: A Cross Sectional Study of Vaccine Hesitancy, Safety, and Immunogenicity

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1458
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Junyan Han ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Danying Chen ◽  
Xuesen Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Living With Hiv

The administration of COVID-19 vaccines is the primary strategy used to prevent further infections by COVID-19, especially in people living with HIV (PLWH), who are at increased risk for severe symptoms and mortality. However, the vaccine hesitancy, safety, and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines among PLWH have not been fully characterized. We estimated vaccine hesitancy and status of COVID-19 vaccination in Chinese PLWH, explored the safety and impact on antiviral therapy (ART) efficacy and compared the immunogenicity of an inactivated vaccine between PLWH and healthy controls (HC). In total, 27.5% (104/378) of PLWH hesitated to take the vaccine. The barriers included concerns about safety and efficacy, and physician counselling might help patients overcome this vaccine hesitancy. A COVID-19 vaccination did not cause severe side effects and had no negative impact on CD4+ T cell counts and HIV RNA viral load. Comparable spike receptor binding domain IgG titer were elicited in PLWH and HC after a second dose of the CoronaVac vaccine, but antibody responses were lower in poor immunological responders (CD4+ T cell counts < 350 cells/µL) compared with immunological responders (CD4+ T cell counts ≥ 350 cells/µL). These data showed that PLWH have comparable safety and immune response following inactivated COVID-19 vaccination compared with HC, but the poor immunological response in PLWH is associated with impaired humoral response.

scholarly journals Intestinal parasitic infection among the HIV-infected patients in Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (07) ◽  
pp. 550-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu Raj Tiwari ◽  
Prakash Ghimire ◽  
Sarala Malla ◽  
Bimala Sharma ◽  
Surendra Karki
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infection has been a significant problem in HIV patients, worldwide. In this study, we aimed to measure the prevalence and identify the factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection in people infected with HIV and attending National Public Health Laboratory in Kathmandu, Nepal, for CD4 T-cell count. Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study in 745 HIV-infected people attending for CD4 T-cell count was conducted. Results: The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 22.4% (95% CI 19.5 to 25.5). In univariate analysis, age, sex, longer time since diagnosis of HIV, CD4 T-cell count of <200/µL, diarrhoea, marital status, and being under tuberculosis (TB) treatment were significantly associated with increased odds of intestinal parasite infection. However, in the logistic regression model, only the CD4 T-cell count of <200/µL (adjusted OR=4.2, 95% CI 2.5 to 7.0), diarrhoea (adjusted OR=2.8, 95% CI 1.8 to 4.3) and being under TB treatment (adjusted OR=2.9, 95% CI 1.8 to 4.6) remained as significant predictors. On stratification, CD4 T-cell count of <200/ µL was independently associated with higher odds of protozoal as well as helminthes infection. The parasites Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora were observed only in participants with CD4 T-cell counts <200/µL. Conclusions: Both protozoal and helminthic intestinal parasitic infections are common in HIV-infected people seeking care in healthcare facilities. The poor immune status as indicated by low CD4 T-cell count and TB may account for such a high risk of parasitic infection.

scholarly journals Factors Related to Changes in CD4+ T-Cell Counts over Time in Patients Living with HIV/AIDS: A Multilevel Analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e84276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulisses Ramos Montarroyos ◽  
Demócrito Barros Miranda-Filho ◽  
Cibele Comini César ◽  
Wayner Vieira Souza ◽  
Heloisa Ramos Lacerda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in people living with HIV-1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanmeng Feng ◽  
Yifan Zhang ◽  
Zhangyufan He ◽  
Haojie Huang ◽  
Xiangxiang Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Background It has been proven that inactivated COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective in general population with intact immunity. However, their safety and immunogenicity have not been demonstrated in people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods 42 HIV-1 infected individuals who were stable on cART and 28 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. Two doses of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (BIBP-CorV) were given 4 weeks apart. The safety and reactogenicity of the vaccine were evaluated by observing clinical adverse events and solicited local and systemic reactions. Humoral responses were measured by anti-spike IgG ELISA and surrogate neutralization assays. Cell-mediated immune responses and vaccine induced T cell activation were measured by flow cytometry. Findings All the HIV-1 infected participants had a CD4+ T cell count of above 200 cells/μL both at baseline and 4 weeks after vaccination. No solicited adverse reaction was observed among all participants. Similar binding antibody, neutralizing antibody and S protein specific T cell responses were elicited in PLWH and healthy individuals. Further analyses showed that PLWH with low baseline CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios (<0.6) generated lower antibody responses after vaccination than PLWH with medium (0.6~1.0) or high (≥1.0) baseline CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios (P<0.01). The CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts of PLWH decreased significantly after vaccination, but it did not lead to any adverse clinical manifestation. Moreover, we found that the general burden of HIV-1 among the PLWH cohort decreased significantly (P=0.0192) after vaccination. And the alteration of HIV-1 viral load was not significantly associated with the vaccine induced CD4+ T cell activation. Interpretation Our data demonstrate that the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine is safe and immunogenic in PLWH who are stable on cART with unsuppressed CD4 counts. Funding This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81971559, 82041010).

scholarly journals Treatment modification after starting cART in people living with HIV: retrospective analysis of the German ClinSurv HIV Cohort 2005–2017

Infection ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-733
Author(s):  
Melanie Stecher ◽  
◽  
Philipp Schommers ◽  
Christian Kollan ◽  
Matthias Stoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
First Line ◽  
Treatment Modification ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Objective Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has markedly increased survival and quality of life in people living with HIV. With the advent of new treatment options, including single-tablet regimens, durability and efficacy of first-line cART regimens are evolving. Methods We analyzed data from the prospective multicenter German Clinical Surveillance of HIV Disease (ClinSurv) cohort of the Robert-Koch Institute. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were run to examine the factors associated with treatment modification. Recovery after treatment initiation was analyzed comparing pre-cART viral load and CD4+ T-cell counts with follow-up data. Results We included 8788 patients who initiated cART between 2005 and 2017. The sample population was predominantly male (n = 7040; 80.1%), of whom 4470 (63.5%) were reporting sex with men as the transmission risk factor. Overall, 4210 (47.9%) patients modified their first-line cART after a median time of 63 months (IQR 59–66). Regimens containing integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) were associated with significantly lower rates of treatment modification (adjusted hazard ratio 0.44; 95% CI 0.39–0.50) compared to protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimens. We found a decreased durability of first-line cART significantly associated with being female, a low CD4+ T-cell count, cART initiation in the later period (2011–2017), being on a multi-tablet regimen (MTR). Conclusions Drug class and MTRs are significantly associated with treatment modification. INSTI-based regimens showed to be superior compared to PI-based regimens in terms of durability.

scholarly journals Intestinal parasitic infections in relation to CD4+ T cell counts and diarrhea in HIV/AIDS patients with or without antiretroviral therapy in Cameroon

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickson Shey Nsagha ◽  
Anna Longdoh Njunda ◽  
Nguedia Jules Clement Assob ◽  
Charlotte Wenze Ayima ◽  
Elvis Asangbeng Tanue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Exhausting T Cells During HIV Infection May Improve the Prognosis of Patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua-Song Lin ◽  
Xiao-Hong Lin ◽  
Jian-Wen Wang ◽  
Dan-Ning Wen ◽  
Jie Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
T Cell Exhaustion ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cell Exhaustion ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv Aids

T-cell reduction is an important characteristic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and its immunopathology is a subject of debate. It may be due to the direct effect of the virus on T-cell exhaustion or indirectly due to T cells redistributing to the lungs. HIV/AIDS naturally served as a T-cell exhaustion disease model for recognizing how the immune system works in the course of COVID-19. In this study, we collected the clinical charts, T-lymphocyte analysis, and chest CT of HIV patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection who were admitted to Jin Yin-tan Hospital (Wuhan, China). The median age of the 21 patients was 47 years [interquartile range (IQR) = 40–50 years] and the median CD4 T-cell count was 183 cells/μl (IQR = 96–289 cells/μl). Eleven HIV patients were in the non-AIDS stage and 10 were in the AIDS stage. Nine patients received antiretroviral treatment (ART) and 12 patients did not receive any treatment. Compared to the reported mortality rate (nearly 4%–10%) and severity rate (up to 20%–40%) among COVID-19 patients in hospital, a benign duration with 0% severity and mortality rates was shown by 21 HIV/AIDS patients. The severity rates of COVID-19 were comparable between non-AIDS (median CD4 = 287 cells/μl) and AIDS (median CD4 = 97 cells/μl) patients, despite some of the AIDS patients having baseline lung injury stimulated by HIV: 7 patients (33%) were mild (five in the non-AIDS group and two in the AIDS group) and 14 patients (67%) were moderate (six in the non-AIDS group and eight in the AIDS group). More importantly, we found that a reduction in T-cell number positively correlates with the serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), which is contrary to the reported findings on the immune response of COVID-19 patients (lower CD4 T-cell counts with higher levels of IL-6 and CRP). In HIV/AIDS, a compromised immune system with lower CD4 T-cell counts might waive the clinical symptoms and inflammatory responses, which suggests lymphocyte redistribution as an immunopathology leading to lymphopenia in COVID-19.

scholarly journals Opportunistic intestinal parasites and CD4 count in HIV infected people

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Amatya ◽  
R Shrestha ◽  
N Poudyal ◽  
S Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Opportunistic intestinal infections cause a significant morbidity and mortality among the HIV infected people. The present study was undertaken to find the prevalence of intestinal opportunistic parasitic infections among the HIV infected populace in eastern Nepal and to correlate the occurrence with the CD4 T cell counts. Materials and Methods: Stool from 122 HIV infected people were examined microscopically for the presence of parasitic ova/cyst. CD4 T cell enumeration was done using FACS Count (Becton Dickinson). Stool from 100 age matched HIV negative controls were also examined. Results: A male preponderance in the parasite positivity was seen. Twenty five of symptomatic and 2.8% of asymptomatic harboured one or more intestinal parasites.12.3% of the study population had intestinal parasitoses with 7.3% being infected with opportunistic parasites. The mean CD4 count of the subjects was 307 while those with parasitoses were 204. A statistically significant difference was seen between the CD4 counts of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Conclusion: Coccidian parasites are frequent opportunistic intestinal parasites infecting HIV infected patients. A lowered CD4 count predisposes to acquisition of these agents. Regular monitoring of CD4 counts and screening for these opportunistic agents in the HIV infected will help reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with infections by these agents. Keywords: HIV; Opportunistic infection; CD4 count; AIDS DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v1i2.5405 JPN 2011; 1(2): 118-121

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document