scholarly journals Upgrading biogas using Eburru zeolitic rocks and other adsorbent materials to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-431
Author(s):  
James K Mbugua ◽  
Joseph M Mwaniki ◽  
Damaris M Nduta ◽  
Francis B Mwaura
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Biogas Upgrading ◽  
Zeolite Rocks ◽  
Maize Cobs ◽  
Adsorbent Materials

The trace amounts of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in raw biogas lower its calorific value,cause corrosion and make it hard to compress biogas into the cylinder. Raw biogas was obtainedfrom anaerobic digestion of cow dung and market wastes. The gas was stored in tubes or urine bagbefore upgrading. Natural zeolite rocks, maize cobs, steel wire, desulphurizer, and worn-out tyreswere used as the upgrade materials. The composition of biogas was recorded before and afterupgrading using a GP180 portable biogas analyzer from Henan, China. The measured level of rawbiogas was 0.0227% H2S, >20% CO2 and 52-56% CH4. The most efficient upgrade materials werezeolite rocks with upgrade levels of 89–93% methane. The total removal using zeolite wasobserved to be 75% CO2 and 95.34% H2S. The morphological structures of zeolitic rocks accountfor its higher upgrading properties compared to other materials. In addition, the porosity in theserocks mean that CO2 and H2S were adsorbed resulting in high CH4 levels in the upgraded biogas.Other adsorbents showed upgrading properties with removal rates above 70% for both H2S andCO2. Keywords: Biogas, Upgrading, Natural zeolite, Bio-methane

scholarly journals Characterization of Natural Zeolite and Chicken Manure Derived Biochar for Carbon Dioxide Adsorption in Biogas

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Margaretha Arnita Wuri ◽  
Ambar Pertiwiningrum ◽  
Rachmawan Budiarto ◽  
Cahyono Agus Dwi Koranto
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Adsorption ◽  
Modified Biochar ◽  
Methane Level ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

Although biogas is clean and environmentally friendly, its existence is often unsustainable, especially in rural area. Consumption of fossil fuel energy still dominates because cheaper, higher in energy efficiency and ready to use than biogas. One of the efforts to make biogas can compete with fossil fuel energy is by increasing calorific value. Reduction of carbon dioxide by adsorption enhances the calorific value that evidenced by methane enrichment. In this study, we investigated the effect three types of combined adsorbent: pure natural zeolite (Z-Z), zeolite-biochar from chicken manure (Z-B1) and zeolite-modified biochar (Z-B2) on methane content. The result showed that adsorption of biogas using Z-Z, Z-B1 and Z-B2 increased methane level with enhancement of 1,36; 28,92; and 11,27% respectively compared before adsorption. To confirm whether these results were influenced by adsorbent’s character or not as consequence adsorbent characterization have been done in this study.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cow Dung Pellets as a Renewable Solid Fuel in Direct Combustion Technologies

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1192
Author(s):  
Aneta Szymajda ◽  
Grażyna Łaska ◽  
Magdalena Joka
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Direct Combustion ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Combustion Tests ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Compaction Properties

Recently, biomass application as a renewable energy source is increasing worldwide. However, its availability differs in dependence on the location and climate, therefore, agricultural residues as cow dung (CD) are being considered to supply heat and/or power installation. This paper aims at a wide evaluation of CD fuel properties and its prospect to apply in the form of pellets to direct combustion installations. Therefore, the proximate, ultimate composition and calorific value were analyzed, then pelletization and combustion tests were performed, and the ash characteristics were tested. It was found that CD is a promising source of bioenergy in terms of LHV (16.34 MJ·kg−1), carbon (44.24%), and fixed carbon (18.33%) content. During pelletization, CD showed high compaction properties and at a moisture content of 18%,and the received pellets’ bulk density reached ca. 470 kg·m−3 with kinetic durability of 98.7%. While combustion, in a fixed grate 25 kW boiler, high emissions of CO, SO2, NO, and HCl were observed. The future energy sector might be based on biomass and this work shows a novel approach of CD pellets as a potential source of renewable energy available wherever cattle production is located.

Potential Processes for Simultaneous Biogas Upgrading and Carbon Dioxide Utilization

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
Francisco M. Baena‐Moreno ◽  
Mónica Rodríguez‐Galán ◽  
Fernando Vega ◽  
Isabel Malico ◽  
Benito Navarrete
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Biogas Upgrading ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Utilization

The Effect of Mixing Coal with Biomass in Solid Fuel Briquettes

2013 ◽  
Vol 856 ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin Yee Sing ◽  
Mohd Shiraz Aris
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Biomass Fuel ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

Burning fossil fuel like coal in power plants released carbon dioxide that had been absorbed millions of years ago. Unfortunately, excessive carbon dioxide emission had led to global warming. Malaysia, as one of the major exporters of palm oil, has abundant oil palm mill residues that could be converted into value-added product like biomass fuel briquettes. Fuel briquette with palm kernel shell and palm mesocarp fibre as its main ingredients showed satisfactory fuel characteristics and mechanical properties as a pure biomass fuel briquette. The effects of adding some coal of higher calorific value to the satisfactory biomass fuel briquette were focused in this study. Various coal-biomass fuel blends were used, ranging from 0wt% coal to 50wt% coal. The fuel properties and mechanical properties of pure biomass briquette and briquettes with different amount of coal added were compared experimentally. From the fuel properties tests, it was found that as the coal content in the briquette was increased, the carbon content and calorific value increased. Mechanical property tests on the fuel briquettes showed a mixture of results, with some favored higher portion of coal in the briquette for better handling, transport and storage properties while some favored greater amount of biomass.

Separation of carbon dioxide for biogas upgrading to biomethane

2017 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 1205-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Ferella ◽  
Alessandro Puca ◽  
Giuliana Taglieri ◽  
Leucio Rossi ◽  
Katia Gallucci
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Biogas Upgrading

scholarly journals Stan i perspektywy wykorzystania biogazu jako nośnika energii do zastosowań stacjonarnych i środków transportu

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-118
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Biernat ◽  
Izabela Różnicka
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
International Programs ◽  
Biogas Upgrading ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Both governmental and international programs support the promotion of biofuels and aim to increase the limit of renewable energy used in the fuel energy balance. Biogas is produced during the anaerobic methane fermentationprocess and it is known as a significant source of renewable energy, contributing to agriculture and environmental protection. Three types of biogas can be distinguished: biogas from sewage sludge, biogas collected from land`fils, andagricultural biogas. There are several possibilities of using upgraded biogas. Biogas can be used in cogeneration systems to provide heat and electricity, in transportation as a motor fuel and in the production of biohydrogen. Biogas upgrading process leads to a product which is characterized by the same parameters as compressed natural gas. Direct biogas use in the production of hydrogen is possible because of prior purification from traces like hydrogen sulfide, except carbon dioxide, by which the reaction can proceed in the desired manner.

Performance evaluation of throat type updraft biomass gasifier using different biomass fuels

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
D. K. Vyas ◽  
J. Sravankumar ◽  
J. J. Chavda
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Maize Cobs ◽  
Agro Residues

A biomass gasifier converts solid fuel such as wood waste, saw-dust briquettes and agro-residues into a gaseous fuel through a thermo-chemical process and the resultant gas can be used for thermal and power generation applications. The present research aims to evaluate the updraft biomass gasifier using different biomass for thermal application. The capacity of updraft gasifier was a 5-10 kg.h-1 and three types of biomass: maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes were used as fuel for producing producer gas by thermal application. The maximum carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2) and Methane (CH4) found were 14.8, 12.7 and 3.9%, 14.6, 13.7 and 3.9 % and 14.2, 13.5 and 3.9% at 5 kg.h-1 biomass consumption rate, respectively using maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes as fuel. The maximum and minimum producer gas calorific value was found 1120 and 1034 kcal.m-3; 1139 and 1034 kcal.m-3 and 1123 and 1036 kcal.m-3 at biomass consumption rate of 5 and 10 kg.h-1 using maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes as fuel respectively. The maximum gasifier efficiency of 77.94, 70.26 and 69.60% was found at the biomass consumption rate of 5 kg.h-1 using maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes as fuel, respectively. The minimum gasifier efficiency of 72.72, 64.49 and 64.90 % was found at the biomass consumption rate of 10 kg.h-1 using maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes as fuel in the system, respectively. The maximum overall thermal efficiency of 29.60, 30.65 and 23.69 % were found at the biomass consumption rates of 8, 7 and 7 kg.h-1 using maize cobs, sized wood and saw dust briquettes, respectively.

Improving Biogas Quality through Circulated Water Scrubbing Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 776 ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendry Sakke Tira ◽  
Yesung Allo Padang ◽  
Mirmanto ◽  
Hendriono
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Dissolve Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Biogas Purification

The dependence of human being on fossil fuels has decreased significantly the conventional energy resources. To overcome this problem it is required alternative substitute fuels which are cheap and accessible which biogas is one of the fuels. Nevertheless, the use of biogas has not yet been maximized because of the low calorific value which is produced from the process without purification. The circulated water absorption method is one mean of effective biogas purification. Under this method it is expected to increase the level of methane (CH4) and to reduce both the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). In order to obtain the aim, the research was carried out under variations of water and biogas volumetric flow rate. The results show that the highest quality of biogas produced was under the variation of water volumetric flow rate of 15 lt/min with biogas volumetric flow rate of 1 lt/min which increased the level of methane (CH4) from 59.36 % to 62.8 % and decreased the carbon dioxide (CO2) content from 33.53 % to 26.8 %, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from 208.33 to 86 ppm. Lower biogas and water volumetric rates allowed longer contact between biogas molecule and absorbent. This resulted in an opportunity for absorbent more active to dissolve carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in biogas. These compounds then flowed outward of the scrubbing unit along with the absorbent. The research proved that the raw biogas purification by circulated water scrubbing method was an effective mean in enhancing the quality of biogas.

scholarly journals The Waste Recycling of Sugarcane Bagasse-Based Biochar for Biogas Purification

2021 ◽  
Vol 940 (1) ◽  
pp. 012029
Author(s):  
M A Wuri ◽  
A Pertiwiningrum ◽  
R Budiarto ◽  
M Gozan ◽  
A W Harto
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Biogas Purification ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The utilization of the recycling of biomass waste for carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption in biogas is still rare. Even though the experiments on the biogas purification still using synthetic biogas. This paper investigated the recycling of biomass waste, sugarcane bagasse for biogas purification. The conversion of biomass into biochar was claimed to expand the surface area of its pores for capturing CO2 in biogas. Five treatments of adsorbents used in this study, 100% volume of zeolite or biochar, 75% volume of zeolite and 25% biochar, 50% volume of zeolite and biochar, 25% volume of zeolite and 25% volume of zeolite, and 25% volume of biochar. The difference of volume treatment in adsorbents affected methane (CH4) and CO2 composition of biogas. Biogas purification by adsorption was conducted at 5-7 bar pressure range and room temperature. Biogas before and after purification were tested of CH4 and CO2 composition by gas chromatography. A significant reduction in CO2 was shown when 50% volume of zeolite was replaced by biochar. The highest in CO2 reduction showed by the composition of 50% sugarcane bagasse-based biochar and 50% natural zeolite. The CO2 decreases did not accompany by the CH4 increases because mesopore-sized still dominated the adsorbents’ pore size.

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