Public Health Aspects of Cream-filled Pastries. A Review

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK L. BRYAN
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Activity Temperature ◽  
And Control

In the United States foodborne disease outbreaks for which cream-filled pastry was identified as the vehicle have declined from 17.8% in the 1930's to 2.3% in the 1970's. Cream fillings or cream-filled pastries were usually contaminated with staphylococci and Salmonella typhi by workers and with salmonellae by ingredients such as eggs and milk. These contaminants multiplied as a result of favorable nutrients, water activity, temperature, and pH; and they survived the effects of competing organisms and processes. Prevention and control of such outbreaks have been based on formulating the product so it will not support bacterial growth, using pathogen-free ingredients, thorough cooking and reheating, sanitary handling of fillings and finished pastry, rapid cooling and storing at low temperature, establishing microbiological standards for the finished products, training food-processing and food-service personnel, and educating the consumer to refrigerate products after purchase.

Will Routine Annual Influenza Prevention and Control Systems Serve the United States Well in a Pandemic?

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. S160-S165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne S. Ringel ◽  
Melinda Moore ◽  
John Zambrano ◽  
Nicole Lurie
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
The Public ◽  
Influenza Prevention ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the extent to which the systems in place for prevention and control of routine annual influenza could provide the information and experience needed to manage a pandemic.Methods: The authors conducted a qualitative assessment based on key informant interviews and the review of relevant documents.Results: Although there are a number of systems in place that would likely serve the United States well in a pandemic, much of the information and experience needed to manage a pandemic optimally is not available.Conclusions: Systems in place for routine annual influenza prevention and control are necessary but not sufficient for managing a pandemic, nor are they used to their full potential for pandemic preparedness. Pandemic preparedness can be strengthened by building more explicitly upon routine influenza activities and the public health system’s response to the unique challenges that arise each influenza season (eg, vaccine supply issues, higher than normal rates of influenza-related deaths). (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2009;3(Suppl 2):S160–S165)

Acute Enteric Disease Outbreaks

2019 ◽  
pp. 421-436
Author(s):  
Ian T. Williams ◽  
Laura Whitlock ◽  
Matthew E. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
The Public ◽  
Enteric Diseases ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
And Control ◽  
Investigation Process

Public health officials investigate outbreaks to control them, to prevent additional illnesses, and to learn how to prevent similar outbreaks in the future. The process the public health community uses to detect, investigate, and control enteric (intestinal) disease outbreaks from food, water, and other sources involves certain procedural steps. These include detecting a possible outbreak, defining and finding cases, generating hypotheses about likely sources, testing the hypotheses and evaluating evidence, finding contamination sources, controlling the outbreak, and determining when the outbreak is over. Investigating outbreaks of acute enteric diseases can be a dynamic and complex undertaking involving multiple public health and regulatory partners in different jurisdictions. This chapter provides an overview of the investigation process with an emphasis on multijurisdictional foodborne illness investigations in the United States.

scholarly journals ECDC and WHO: a common mission for better health in Europe

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Danzon
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Centre ◽  
And Control

With the opening of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) in Stockholm in May, 2005 will be an important year for public health in Europe. The idea of a European CDC has been in the air for many years, following the successful and interesting results obtained by the United States CDC in Atlanta.

scholarly journals Training Residents to Address Cancer Health Disparities

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly D. Taylor ◽  
Ayanna V. Buckner ◽  
Carla Durham Walker ◽  
Ijeoma Azonobi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Diversity Training ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cancer Prevention And Control ◽  
Research Award ◽  
And Control

Abstract Introduction Cancer is the source of significant morbidity and mortality in the United States, and eliminating cancer-related racial and ethnic disparities has become an ever-increasing focus of public health efforts. Increasing workforce diversity plays a major role in the reduction of health disparities, and a well-trained professional workforce is essential for the prevention, control, and ultimate elimination of this disease. Methods To help address this need, the Public Health/General Preventive Medicine residency program at Morehouse School of Medicine (MSM) developed an innovative Cancer Prevention and Control Track (CPCT). We describe the structure of the track, funding, examples of resident activities, and program successes. Results Since the development of the track in 2007, there have been 3 graduates, and 2 residents are currently enrolled. Residents have conducted research projects and have engaged in longitudinal community-based activities, cancer-focused academic experiences, and practicum rotations. There have been 3 presentations at national meetings, 1 research grant submitted, and 1 research award. Conclusion The CPCT provides residents with comprehensive cancer prevention and control training with emphasis in community engagement, service, and research. It builds on the strengths of the diversity training already offered at MSM and combines resources from academia, the private sector, and the community at large.

scholarly journals Evaluating Comprehensive State Tobacco Prevention and Control Programs Using an Outcome Indicator Framework

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Fulmer ◽  
Todd Rogers ◽  
LaShawn Glasgow ◽  
Susan Brown ◽  
Nicole Kuiper
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Outcome Indicator ◽  
Indicator Framework ◽  
And Control

The outcome indicator framework helps tobacco prevention and control programs (TCPs) plan and implement theory-driven evaluations of their efforts to reduce and prevent tobacco use. Tobacco use is the single-most preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. The implementation of public health best practices by comprehensive state TCPs has been shown to prevent the initiation of tobacco use, reduce tobacco use prevalence, and decrease tobacco-related health care expenditures. Achieving and sustaining program goals require TCPs to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of their programs. To guide evaluation efforts by TCPs, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Office on Smoking and Health developed an outcome indicator framework that includes a high-level logic model and evidence-based outcome indicators for each tobacco prevention and control goal area. In this article, we describe how TCPs and other community organizations can use the outcome indicator framework in their evaluation efforts. We also discuss how the framework is used at the national level to unify tobacco prevention and control efforts across varying state contexts, identify promising practices, and expand the public health evidence base.

Foodborne Disease Outbreaks Traced to Poultry, United States, 1966–1974

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 859-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCUS A. HORWITZ ◽  
EUGENE J. GANGAROSA
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Holiday Season ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Epidemiologic Characteristics

To determine the epidemiologic characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks traced to poultry, we reviewed records of all 352 such outbreaks reported to the Center for Disease Control 1966–1974; 217 (62%) outbreaks were traced to turkey, 129 (37%) to chicken, 5 (1%) to both turkey and chicken, and 1 (0.3%) to cornish hen. Outbreaks from poultry accounted for 12% of all foodborne disease outbreaks reported from 1966 through 1974, but the number and percentage has been decreasing since 1969; these outbreaks involved 30,606 cases of gastrointestinal illness (20% of all cases of foodborne disease) and 14 deaths. Food-service establishments were responsible for mishandling the food in 79% of outbreaks, homes in 19%, and food-processing establishments in 2%. In 85% of the outbreaks, the food-handling error was storage of food at improper holding temperatures. In outbreaks reported 1972–1974 in which an etiologic agent was indentified, Salmonella spp. were responsible for 44%, Clostridium perfringens for 26%, and Staphylococcus aureus for 26%. The number of reported outbreaks from turkey increased dramatically during the Thanksgiving-Christmas holiday season. The downward trend in the number and percentage of poultry outbreaks since 1969 may reflect public education efforts.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic: Perception, Practices and Preparedness in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace I. Olasehinde ◽  
Paul A. Akinduti ◽  
Olayemi O. Akinnola ◽  
Abiodun F. Ipadeola ◽  
Glory P. Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
First Case ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

Since Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization (WHO) on the 30th of January, 2020. Nigeria, with 343 cases and 10 deaths as at April 14, 2020 is classified as one of the countries at high risk of importation of the disease from China. The ability to limit and control local transmission after importation depends on the application and execution of strict measures of detection, prevention and control. The initial response of some percentage of the population was of doubt due to the ignorance of the far-reaching effect of the virus. More than 1,700 leaders of religious groups and communities in all 36 States and FCT were therefore sensitized to increase awareness level and consequences of COVID-19 among the populace. Major response activities were initiated before the first case was reported and were upgraded within weeks after the number of cases began to rise. Based on previous experience of perception, and awareness of other viral disease outbreaks, COVID-19 infection prevention and control interventions recommended by WHO are yet to be fully entrenched in the Nigerian public health system in order to reduce the general risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 from infected individuals. There is therefore the need to execute strict measures of detection, prevention and control and drive compliance with the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and WHO guidelines in Nigeria.

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