Incidence of Toxic and Other Mold Species and Genera in Soybeans

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP B. MISLIVEC ◽  
VERNEAL R. BRUCE
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Aspergillus Versicolor ◽  
Surface Disinfection ◽  
Aspergillus Glaucus ◽  
Penicillium Cyclopium ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Aspergillus Candidus

The mold flora of 385 unprocessed soybean samples was determined before and after surface disinfection of the beans with 5% NaOCl. Molds were detected in 99.4% of the 19,250 non-disinfected soybeans examined, and in 52.8% of the 19,250 surface-disinfected soybeans examined indicating that contamination was primarily at the surface, although internal invasion also was substantial. The mold flora, both before and after surface disinfection, was dominated by species of the Aspergillus glaucus group, Asperigillus flavus, Aspergillus candidus, Penicillium cyclopium, plus species of Alternaria and Cladosporium. The toxicogenic species A. flavus, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus ochaeceus, Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium citrinum, P. cyclopium, and Pencillium viridicatum were encountered regularly in non-surface-disinfected soybeans. Except for A. flavus and P. cyclopium, the occurrence of toxicogenic species Aspergillus melleus, soybeans was sporadic. The toxicogenic species Aspergillus melleus, Pencillium expansum, and Penicillium urticae were encountered occasionally, but only in non-surface-disinfected soybeans. Penicillium chrysogenum, the penicillin-producing organism, was encountered regularly in non-surface-disinfected soybeans, but less frequently in disinfected soybeans.

scholarly journals Cellular and extracellular siderophores of Aspergillus nidulans and Penicillium chrysogenum.

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Charlang ◽  
B Ng ◽  
N H Horowitz ◽  
R M Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Generally True

Aspergillus nidulans and Penicillium chrysogenum produce specific cellular siderophores in addition to the well-known siderophores of the culture medium. Since this was found previously in Neurospora crassa, it is probably generally true for filamentous ascomycetes. The cellular siderophore of A. nidulans is ferricrocin; that of P. chrysogenum is ferrichrome. A. nidulans also contains triacetylfusigen, a siderophore without apparent biological activity. Conidia of both species lose siderophores at high salt concentrations and become siderophore dependent. This has also been found in N. crassa, where lowering of the water activity has been shown to be the causal factor. We used an assay procedure based on this dependency to reexamine the extracellular siderophores of these species. During rapid mycelial growth, both A. nidulans and P. chrysogenum produced two highly active, unidentified siderophores which were later replaced by a less active or inactive product--coprogen in the case of P. chrysogenum and triacetylfusigen in the case of A. nidulans. N. crassa secreted coprogen only. Fungal siderophore metabolism is varied and complex.

scholarly journals Supplementation of Aspergillus glaucus with gfdB gene encoding a glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Aspergillus nidulans

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 691-698
Author(s):  
Anita Király ◽  
Ivett G. Szabó ◽  
Tamás Emri ◽  
Éva Leiter ◽  
István Pócsi
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Aspergillus Glaucus ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

The isopenicillin N acyltransferases of Aspergillus nidulans and Penicillium chrysogenum differ in their ability to maintain the 40-kDa alphabeta heterodimer in an undissociated form

2003 ◽  
Vol 270 (9) ◽  
pp. 1958-1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Fernandez ◽  
Rosa E. Cardoza ◽  
Eduardo Montenegro ◽  
Javier Velasco ◽  
Santiago Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
Isopenicillin N

Sequence and structure of Penicillium chrysogenum phoG, homologous to an acid phosphatase-encoding gene of Aspergillus nidulans

Gene ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florentine Marx ◽  
Hubertus Haas ◽  
Sabine Hofer ◽  
Georg Stöffler ◽  
Bernhard Redl
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
Encoding Gene

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI ISOLATED FROM BATHROOMS IN FEMALE STUDENTS’ HOSTEL, UNIVERSITY OF BENIN, BENIN CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
C. L. Ozoaduche ◽  
I. B. Idemudia
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mucor Mucedo ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Identification Of Fungi ◽  
Microbiological Techniques

Fungi are specifically dangerous as they exhibit a significant tolerance to environmental changes and can proliferate under low relative humidity, unlike bacteria. They produce spores that are easily dispersed by air hence they are ubiquitous. The study aimed at identifying the fungal isolates present in the bathrooms located on the three floors of the hostel, University of Benin, Benin City. Samples were collected from the walls of the bathrooms using sterile swab sticks and were identified using standard microbiological techniques. The isolated fungi were Aspergillus nidulans, A. niger, A. tamarii, A.  flavus, Candida albicans, Penicillium cyclopium, P. oxalicum, Mucor mucedo, Trichophyton rubrum and Rhodotorula species. From the ground floor bathrooms, Candida albicans (23.40%) were most frequently isolated, Aspergillus nidulans (55.56%) were mostly isolated from the first floor and Mucor mucedo (56.00%) were the most isolated from the second floor.  After washing the bathrooms, Mucor mucedo was scarcely isolated from the walls of the bathrooms. The findings were processed statistically using the two-tailed test to detect the significant difference between the groups of means for the fungal counts from each floor. A significant difference (p<0.05) in the fungi isolated before and after washing was found. Isolated fungi from this study are known to be of public health importance hence, strict hygiene practices should be observed by those using the bathrooms.

scholarly journals Extracellular siderophores of rapidly growing Aspergillus nidulans and Penicillium chrysogenum.

1982 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 785-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Charlang ◽  
R M Horowitz ◽  
P H Lowy ◽  
B Ng ◽  
S M Poling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Penicillium Chrysogenum

scholarly journals Diversidade da microbiota de fungos da própolis in natura / Diversity of in natura propolis fungal microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 6369-6385
Author(s):  
Mariza Alves Ferreira ◽  
Rodrigo Arthur Fonseca Costa ◽  
Aline Simões da Rocha Bispo ◽  
Altino Branco Choupina ◽  
Norma Suely Evangelista-Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Aspergillus Versicolor ◽  
Paecilomyces Variotii ◽  
Candida Famata ◽  
Aspergillus Nomius ◽  
Fungal Microbiota

O presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar a identificação dos fungos encontrados na própolis produzido por Apis mellifera L. da Baía do Iguape, Brasil. Para tanto, foram utilizadas técnicas morfológicas, bioquímicas e moleculares, sendo averiguado o perfil de restrição gerado por espaçador interno transcrito (ITS1 e ITS4). O tamanho dos produtos de PCR foi analisado quanto ao perfil de restrição obtidos com endonuclease (HhaI, HaeIII e HinfI) por espécie. Foram identificadas dezesseis  espécies de fungos filamentosos: Flavodon flavus,  Aspergillus nomius, Aspergillus versicolor, Cladosporium sp., Coniothyrium sidae, Didymella sp., Paecilomyces variotii, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Penicillium citrinum, Fusarium incarnatum, Penicillium chermesinum, Phoma sp., Stagonosporopsis valerianellae, Phoma medicaginis, Paraphoma fimeti e Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum; e seis  espécies de leveduras: Candida tropicalis, Candida guiliermondii, Candida famata, Kodomala ohmeri, Trichosporon asahiu e Cryptococcus laurentii. Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum e leveduras pertencentes ao gênero Candida foram os microrganismos de maior ocorrência nas amostras da própolis provenientes da Baía do Iguape, Brasil.

Incidence of Toxigenic and Other Molds in Green Coffee Beans

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 969-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP B. MISLIVEC ◽  
VERNEAL R. BRUCE ◽  
REGINA GIBSON
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
South American ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Green Coffee ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Surface Disinfection ◽  
Green Coffee Beans ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Green Coffee Bean

The mold flora of 944 green coffee bean samples from 31 coffee-producing countries was determined before and after surface disinfection with 5% NaOCl. Molds were detected on 99.1 % of 47,200 beans not surface-disinfected and in 47.9% of 47,200 disinfected beans. Although the percentage of differences in occurrence of mold before disinfection was minimal (93.4 to 100%) on a country-by-country basis, after disinfection the beans from Asiatic and African countries showed more internal invasion (80.5%) than those from Central and South America (49.4%). Aspergillus spp., which dominated the mold flora of 944 samples before and after disinfection, included the toxigenic A. ochraceus, A. flavus and A. versicolor as well as A. niger, A. tamarii, A. wentii and species of the A. glaucus group. The genus Penicillium, including the toxigenic P. cyclopium, P. citrinum and P. expansum, was detected regularly, although its occurrence was substantially lower than that of the aspergilli, especially after surface disinfection. The rare detection of Alternaria and Fusarium indicated that toxigenic species of these genera do not readily invade green coffee beans. A. flavus and A. tamarii were prevalent in Central and South American beans, whereas other aspergilli were prevalent in Asiatic and African beans. The penicillia were prevalent in Central and South American beans.

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