Current Status of Immunofluorescent Methodology for Salmonellae1

1981 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERENICE M. THOMASON
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
History Of ◽  
Feed Samples

The fluorescent antibody (FA) method for detecting salmonellae in food and feed samples is now an official method of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. The need for a rapid screening method for detecting these pathogenic microorganisms in suspect products led to development of the FA method. A brief history of the development of the FA test, its evaluation by various investigators and its use by food laboratories are described in this report. Advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed with suggestions for improvement of the technique.

MicroRNA annotation in plants: current status and challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxin Zhao ◽  
Zheng Kuang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Xiaozeng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Small Rna ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis ◽  
Plant Mirnas ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Plant Mirna ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis Pathway

Abstract Last two decades, the studies on microRNAs (miRNAs) and the numbers of annotated miRNAs in plants and animals have surged. Herein, we reviewed the current progress and challenges of miRNA annotation in plants. Via the comparison of plant and animal miRNAs, we pinpointed out the difficulties on plant miRNA annotation and proposed potential solutions. In terms of recalling the history of methods and criteria in plant miRNA annotation, we detailed how the major progresses made and evolved. By collecting and categorizing bioinformatics tools for plant miRNA annotation, we surveyed their advantages and disadvantages, especially for ones with the principle of mimicking the miRNA biogenesis pathway by parsing deeply sequenced small RNA (sRNA) libraries. In addition, we summarized all available databases hosting plant miRNAs, and posted the potential optimization solutions such as how to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in these databases. Finally, we discussed the challenges and perspectives of plant miRNA annotations, and indicated the possibilities offered by an all-in-one tool and platform according to the integration of artificial intelligence.

Identification of Streptococcus pyogenes in a Pediatric Outpatient Department: A Practical System Designed for Rapid Results and Resident Teaching

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 718-723
Author(s):  
Katherine Sprunt ◽  
Dorothea Vail ◽  
Russell S. Asnes
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Resident Teaching ◽  
Antibody Uptake ◽  
Busy Clinic ◽  
Group A ◽  
Laboratory Tool

A rapid screening method for identification of clinic patients with pharyngitis who are carrying group A beta-hemolytic streptococci and for teaching residents the values and limitations of the culture-disk approach to identification has been reviewed as developed for a busy clinic and a busy hospital laboratory. Identification of positive cultures in less than 24 hours, using Taxos A disk and specific fluorescent antibody uptake, resulted in 12% apparent false-positive and 3.6% false-negative reports. However, when viewed in the light of the techniques used for verifying results, there were probably 3% false-positive and 3% false-negative reports. The screening method is considered acceptably reliable and practical as a laboratory tool and a resident teaching device.

Rapid Method for the Determination of Insect Fragments from Cocoa

1966 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-260
Author(s):  
Richard Stein ◽  
Robert S Ferrera ◽  
Robert F Brown
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
New Method ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Rapid Screening Method ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract A rapid screening method for determining insect fragments in cocoa uses a 5 g sample of cocoa and requires only 10 minutes for extraction, as compared with the 50 g samples in the official method. The new method shows approximately eqvial recoveries and good agreement between determinations and analysts.

A Comparative Study of Methods for the Determination of Moisture in Cheese

1967 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-555
Author(s):  
Theron E Strange
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Amyl Alcohol ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Basic Reference ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Comparative Results

Abstract Eleven types of cheese were analyzed for moisture by the official AOAC method and by a method proposed by the International Dairy Federation (IDF). Some cheeses were also analyzed by the AOAC rapid screening method and by a proposed distillation method. The IDF method requires mixing 3 g cheese with about 20 g dried and weighed sand, then drying at 105°C for 4 hours. In the proposed distillation method, moisture is distilled from cheese (9—15 g) with xylene and n-amyl alcohol (2 + 1) into a Bidwell-Sterling type of receiver. Comparative results show that the official method is not applicable to cheeses with a relatively high content of volatile compounds, such as Bleu cheese; that the AOAC rapid method and the distillation method give results in about 12 hours that agree well with the official method for other types of cheese; and that the IDF method gives results about 0.2 % lower than those by the official method (actual difference). Preliminary studies on the Karl Fischer titration procedure and a gas-liquid chromatography procedure indicate that these procedures may be suitable as basic reference methods

Validation of the ISO-GRID® 2-Day Rapid Screening Method for Detection of Salmonella spp. in Egg Products

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHYLLIS ENTIS
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Egg Products ◽  
Rapid Screening Method ◽  
Marketing Service ◽  
The U.S

A comparative study was carried out in three laboratories to evaluate the performance in egg products of the ISO-GRID® rapid Salmonella method (Official Method #991.12 of AOAC International against the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Marketing Service (USDA/AMS Salmonella method. Both methods performed identically in both frozen, liquid, and dried egg products. As a result of this study, the ISO-GRID® Salmonella method was accepted by USDA/AMS as a valid method for the detection of Salmonella spp. in egg products.

scholarly journals How to Deal with the Upcoming Challenges in GMO Detection in Food and Feed

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia R. M. Broeders ◽  
Sigrid C. J. De Keersmaecker ◽  
Nancy H. C. Roosens
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
New Crops ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
History Of ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Feed Samples

Biotech crops are the fastest adopted crop technology in the history of modern agriculture. The commercialisation of GMO is in many countries strictly regulated laying down the need for traceability and labelling. To comply with these legislations, detection methods are needed. To date, GM events have been developed by the introduction of a transgenic insert (i.e., promoter, coding sequence, terminator) into the plant genome and real-time PCR is the detection method of choice. However, new types of genetic elements will be used to construct new GMO and new crops will be transformed. Additionally, the presence of unauthorised GMO in food and feed samples might increase in the near future. To enable enforcement laboratories to continue detecting all GM events and to obtain an idea of the possible presence of unauthorised GMO in a food and feed sample, an intensive screening will become necessary. A pragmatic, cost-effective, and time-saving approach is presented here together with an overview of the evolution of the GMO and the upcoming needs.

An overview of Osmotic Drug Delivery System: An update review

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 5426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiren J. Patel ◽  
Vaishnavi P. Parikh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Life Cycle Management ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Osmotic Pump ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Chemical Entities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Drug

The pharmaceutical industry has faced several marked challenges in order to bring new chemical entities (NCEs) into the market over the past few decades. Various novel drug delivery approaches have been used as a part of life cycle management from which Osmotic drug delivery systems look the most promising one. After discussing the history of osmotic pump development, this article looks at the principles, advantages and disadvantages of osmotic drug delivery systems. Then, the basic components of osmotic pump and factors affecting the design of oral osmotic drug delivery systems are discussed in detail. In the later part of the manuscript, various types of osmotic pumps available in the market and evaluation methods for osmotic drug delivery systems are discussed in detail.

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