Natural Occurrence of Clostridium botulinum on Fresh Mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus)

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 733-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. NOTERMANS ◽  
J. DUFRENNE ◽  
J. P. G. GERRITS
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Mushroom Production

Clostridium botulinum was not found (<l/100g) in fresh commercial mushrooms produced in the Netherlands. The log10 mean number of anaerobic spores in mushrooms was 3.19/g. In casing soil of mushroom production beds, however, C. botulinum was detected, and numbers varied from <1.3 to 1.6/100 g. Log10 counts of anaerobic spores present in this material amounted to 5.58/g. If it is assumed that the ratio of the number of anaerobic spores to the number of C. botulinum in mushrooms is the same as that in casing soil, then the estimated incidence of C. botulinum in mushrooms was between <0.08 to 0.16 organisms per 100 g of produce.

A survey of the natural occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and zearalenone, in cereals harvested in the Netherlands

1990 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshitsugu Tanaka ◽  
Susumu Yamamoto ◽  
Akihiko Hasegawa ◽  
Nobumi Aoki ◽  
John R. Besling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Fusarium Mycotoxins

NON-COMPOSTED GRAIN-BASED SUBSTRATES FOR MUSHROOM PRODUCTION (AGARICUS BISPORUS)

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Bechara ◽  
P. Heinemann ◽  
P. N. Walker ◽  
C. P. Romaine
Keyword(s):  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Mushroom Production

Effect of boron and copper contaminants in poultry manure on the growth of the common mushroom, Agaricus bisporus

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 707 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Cresswell ◽  
NG Nair ◽  
JC Evans
Keyword(s):  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Mushroom Production ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Mushroom Yield

The toxicity of boron (B) and copper (Cu) to cultivated mushrooms was tested in 2 experiments. The growth of mushroom mycelium (Agaricus bisporus) on potato dextrose agar in vitro was inhibited by additions of B as H3BO3 and Cu as CuSO4.5H20. Boron was more inhibitory than Cu to mycelial growth. Addition of B to compost at spawning decreased sporophore (i.e. mushroom) production and increased B concentrations in the sporophore. Boron added at 35 mg/kg of fresh compost gave a 10% yield reduction and this was associated with a sphorophore tissue B concentration of 170 mg/kg dry weight. Addition of Cu to the compost had no effect on the final yield of mushrooms but increased Cu concentrations in the sporophores. Boron added at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg and Cu at 10 mg/kg of fresh compost stimulated sporophore growth at first flush but this was not evident in total mushroom yield from all flushes. There was a significant negative linear effect of mushroom tissue B (r2=0.98) and Cu (r2=0.54) at harvest 1 (day 1) on the change in tissue B or Cu from harvest 1 to 6 (day 17). This suggested that tissue B was buffered around 7 mg/kg and Cu around 73 mg/kg. The results indicate that the levels of B and Cu which are normally contributed to mushroom compost from poultry litter are unlikely to cause significant losses in mushroom production.

MUSHROOM PRODUCTION IN RESPECT OF MERCURY CONTENT

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. FRANK ◽  
J. R. RAINFORTH ◽  
D. SANGSTER
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Mercury ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Mushroom Production ◽  
Horse Manure ◽  
Compost Manure

The actionable level of total mercury in mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing.) is set at 0.05 ppm and when it was discovered that a small percentage of Ontario grown commercial mushrooms exceeded this level (0.06–0.33 ppm), a survey was undertaken to determine the source. Compost was found to be the most likely source. Mushrooms with the highest residues of total mercury were grown on compost that contained from 0.42 to 0.61 ppm mercury. Mushrooms with low residues were grown on compost with only 0.08–0.23 ppm mercury. The ingredient of compost that had contributed the highest mercury content was horse manure. This ingredient contained residues that ranged from 0.23–0.42 ppm in the elevated compost and 0.05–0.25 ppm in the others. The mercury in compost, manure and mushrooms was not methyl mercury and was deemed inorganic.

Effects of high temperature after casing on mushroom production

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 735-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Jodon ◽  
D. J. Royse ◽  
L. C. Schisler
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Mushroom Production ◽  
Time Of Application

Composts spawned with two cultivars of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing. were subjected to a temperature of 28 ± 0.5 °C for 48 h at four time intervals after casing. Response to heat treatment varied with time of application relative to fruiting induction (pinning). High temperature imposed prior to pinning, while the mycelium was primarily in the vegetative state, resulted in little or no delay in onset of production and significant increases in mushroom size associated with fewer mushrooms per tray. High temperature applied when the mycelium was undergoing primordial formation and extending into pin development resulted in considerable delay in onset of production with no significant effect on mushroom size. Abnormal pins and misshapen caps were observed on all heat treatments. There were significant cumulative yield reductions from most heat treatments after 3 weeks of harvest. Production recovery occurred during the 4th and subsequent weeks of the harvest period with final yields not adversely affected.

scholarly journals MUSHROOM FARMING IN IRAN: A CASE STUDY OF TEN IRANIAN MUSHROOM COMPANIES

2020 ◽  
Vol Vol. 36 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Saeed Nostratabadi ◽  
Szergej Vinogradov ◽  
Bernadett Almadi
Keyword(s):  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Mushroom Cultivation ◽  
Mushroom Production ◽  
Seasonal Demand ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
Oyster Mushrooms ◽  
Financial Aspect

In terms of mushroom production, Iran is one of the leading countries in the world as mushrooms productions play an utmost important role in non-oil export in the country. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the financial aspect of mushroom cultivation in Iran. To this end, the current study sought to find the operational costs and potential revenue of mushroom cultivation in Iran. This qualitative experimental study, using in-depth semistructured interviews with mushroom producers, examines their current situation in Iran. The findings show that mainly two types of mushrooms are produced in Iran, namely Agaricus bisporus (champions) and oyster mushrooms. It is also revealed that although the number of oyster mushroom production units is increasing every year, the profitability of Agaricus bisporus in Iran is higher. Despite the industry's profitability in Iran, mushroom growers in Iran are dissatisfied with their business and cite a number of reasons, including low profitability, low demand, seasonal demand, limited transportation, and economic instability

scholarly journals Evaluation of energy requirements of an industrial scale plant for the cultivation of white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Roberto Beghi ◽  
Valentina Giovenzana ◽  
Alessio Tugnolo ◽  
Domenico Pessina ◽  
Riccardo Guidetti
Keyword(s):  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Button Mushroom ◽  
Mushroom Production ◽  
White Button Mushroom

The white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) industry is paying attention to innovation for a more sustainable production and it is getting sophisticated to reach high grade of energetic efficiency coupled with high quality product. For mushroom cultivation the environmental conditions must be controlled therefore in some phases the heat needs to be provided and in other ones it needs to be removed. The objective of this study was to investigate the current growing methodology used at an industrial mushroom farm site for a quantification of energy consumption. Mushroom growing parameters such as temperature and relative humidity were monitored during the production process placing sensors for a continuous data recording of these parameters in different and crucial positions throughout the entire production cycle. Heat is massively produced by the compost/mycelium system and the goal was to quantify the amount of energy needed to remove it through a cooling system and a forced air system that pulls cold air in the cultivation room and picks up the warmer and more humid air. Often, the heat produced by the cultivation room is not enough to reach the optimal growth conditions. In this case the application of an air heating system is necessary. The study was focused on evaluating the energy exchanges during a 41-day period corresponding to a growth cycle of three flushes to quantify the energy requirements of the conditioning system. A total energy of 5483 kWh/cycle was quantified for a mushroom production of 25,000 kg, corresponding to a specific energy requirement of 0.22 kWh/kg, 0.18 for cooling and 0.04 for heating. Results showed that the electric power consumption represents a crucial cost for the mushroom production, therefore an optimization of the energy requirements of the production plant is desirable and it can lead to relevant economic savings. A scenario considering a more efficient air conditioning system was proposed for a more sustainable mushroom production.

scholarly journals A life cycle assessment of Agaricus bisporus mushroom production in the USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany Robinson ◽  
Kiara Winans ◽  
Alissa Kendall ◽  
Jeff Dlott ◽  
Franklin Dlott
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Mushroom Production ◽  
The Usa
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