Trisodium Phosphate and Cetylpyridinium Chloride Spraying on Chicken Skin to Reduce Attached Salmonella typhimurium

Spraying treatments with trisodium phosphate (TSP) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing Salmonella typhimurium attached to chicken skins. Chicken skins with an area of 38.5 cm2 were cut from the breast areas of pre-chill chicken carcasses, mounted in a plastic holder, and inoculated with S. typhimurium. The inoculated skins were sprayed with tap water, 10% (wt/vol) TSP, or 0.1 % CPC solutions at 10, 35, or 60°C and 206.8, 413.7, 620.5, 827.4, or 1034.2 kPa for 30 s. After spraying, each skin was rinsed with tap water, transferred to a plastic bag containing 50 ml buffered peptone water, and stomached for 1 min. The stomaching water was collected, diluted serially, plated on xylose lysine tergitol 4 (XLT4) agar and Petrifilm aerobic count plates, and incubated for 18 to 24 h at 37°C. The results showed that tap water spraying reduced S. typhimurium by 0.7 to 1.6 log, while the reduction ranges for TSP and CPC spraying treatments were 1.6 to 2.3 and 1.5 to 2.5 log, respectively. Greater reductions in the numbers of S. typhimurium were obtained in TSP spraying treatments in the high pressure range (620.5 to 1034.2 kPa) and in CPC spraying treatments at 10°C.

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Spraying Chicken Skin with Selected Chemicals to Reduce Attached Salmonella typhimurium

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-61.3.272 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 272-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

HUA XIONG ◽

YANBIN LI ◽

MICHAEL F. SLAVIK ◽

JOEL T. WALKER

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Tap Water ◽

Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽

Plate Count ◽

Log10 Reduction ◽

Chicken Skin ◽

Peptone Water ◽

Grapefruit Seed Extract ◽

Chemical Solutions ◽

Aerobic Plate Count

Aqueous Solutions of 5% and 10% trisodium phosphate (TSP), 0.1% and 0.5% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), 1% and 2% lactic acid (LA), and 0.1 % and 0.5% grapefruit seed extract (DF-100) were evaluated in prechill spraying for reducing Salmonella typhimurium attached on chicken skins. Chicken skins were inoculated with S. typhimurium and then sprayed with the selected Chemical Solutions for 30 sec at 206 kPa and 20°C. After Chemical spraying, the skins were rinsed by spraying tap water for 30 sec. Each skin was stomached in buffered peptone water (BPW) for 1 min. The stomaching water was then diluted serially, inoculated onto both xylose lysine tergitol (XLT4) agar and Aerobic Plate Count (APC) Petrifilm™, and incubated for 24 hr at 37°C. The results showed that the numbers of Salmonella on the chicken skins after the Chemical spraying were significantly lower than those without spray (P < 0.05). The CPC reduced Salmonella by 1.5 to 1.9 log10, TSP resulted in a 2.1 to 2.2 log10 reduction of Salmonella, and DF-100 produced a 1.6 to 1.8 log10 reduction of Salmonella. The LA had a number of Salmonella with a 2.2 log10 reduction. The 0.5% CPC resulted a significantly greater reduction in Salmonella than 0.1% CPC. There were no significant differences in Salmonella reduction between different concentrations of the other three Chemicals.

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HIGH-PRESSURE RANGE SHOCK WAVE DATA FOR SYNTACTIC FOAMS

10.1063/1.3295036 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

J. Ribeiro ◽

R. Mendes ◽

I. Plaksin ◽

J. Campos ◽

C. Capela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shock Wave ◽

High Pressure ◽

Pressure Range ◽

Syntactic Foams ◽

Wave Data ◽

High Pressure Range

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Effect of initial temperature on combustion rate of ballistic powders in the high pressure range

Combustion Explosion and Shock Waves ◽

10.1007/bf00745079 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 409-413

Author(s):

Yu. G. Shepelev ◽

A. E. Fogel'zang ◽

A. P. Denisyuk ◽

A. E. Demidov

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Combustion Rate ◽

Pressure Range ◽

Initial Temperature ◽

High Pressure Range

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Simple empirical equation of state for gaseous nitrogen in the high-pressure range

Journal of Engineering Physics ◽

10.1007/bf00825390 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 449-451

Author(s):

A. A. Antanovich

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Equation Of State ◽

Pressure Range ◽

Empirical Equation ◽

Gaseous Nitrogen ◽

High Pressure Range

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Note. Effect of trisodium phosphate on mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacterial flora attached to the skin of chicken carcasses during refrigerated storage Nota. Efecto del fosfato trisódico en los microorganismos mesófilos y psicrotrofos presentes en la piel de canales de pollo durante su almacenamiento en refrigeración

Food Science and Technology International ◽

10.1177/108201320000600410 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 345-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

R. Capita ◽

C. Alonso-Calleja ◽

M.T. García Arias ◽

B. Moreno ◽

M.C. García-Fernández

Keyword(s):

Tap Water ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Trisodium Phosphate ◽

Refrigerated Storage ◽

Water Control ◽

Bacterial Populations ◽

Ph Values ◽

Popula Tions ◽

Chicken Skin ◽

Plate Counts

The potential for using trisodium phosphate (TSP) to reduce mesophilic and psychrotrophic popula tions on the skin of chicken carcasses was explored. Skin samples were immersed in sterile tap water (control) or an 8%, 10% or 12% solution of TSP at 20 °C for 15 min. Surface pH values and mesophilic and psychrotrophic plate counts were determined after 0, 1, 3 and 5 days of storage at 2° C. After washing, bacterial populations were significantly smaller in the samples treated with TSP than in the controls. The concentration of the TSP solution was a significant factor in reducing the populations of the bacteria on chicken skin. Before storage, the reduction in the presence of bacteria achieved in treated samples with respect to controls ranged between 0.95 log10 cycles and 1.78 log10 cycles in the case of mesophilic microorganisms, and 0.92 log10 cycles and 1.94 log10 cycles in the case of psychrotrophic strains. These differences between the concentrations of bacteria in samples immersed in water and those treated with TSP increased over time, ranging from 2.35 log 10 cycles to 3.08 log10 cycles (mesophilic microorganisms), and from 2.79 log10 cycles to 4.09 log10 cycles (psychrotrophic microorganisms) on day 5 of storage. The pH of the skin remained more or less constant throughout the study period, ranging between 8 and 9 in skin treated with TSP, depending on the concentration, while it was two units lower in the control samples.

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