Characterization of Clostridium spp. Isolated from Spoiled Processed Cheese Products

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1887-1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
LENA LYCKEN ◽  
ELISABETH BORCH
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Clostridium Sporogenes ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Gas Formation ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Clostridium Spp

Of 42 spoiled cheese spread products, 35 were found to harbor Clostridium spp. Typical signs of spoilage were gas production and off-odor. The identity was determined for about half of the isolates (n = 124) by Analytab Products (API), Biolog, the RiboPrinter System, 16S rDNA sequencing, cellular fatty acid analysis, or some combination of these. The majority of isolates were identified as Clostridium sporogenes (in 33% of products), but Clostridium cochlearium (in 12% of products) and Clostridium tyrobutyricum (in 2% of products) were also retrieved. Similarity analysis of the riboprint patterns for 21 isolates resulted in the identification of 10 ribogroups. A high degree of relatedness was observed between isolates of C. sporogenes originating from products produced 3 years apart, indicating a common and, over time, persistent source of infection. The spoilage potential of 11 well-characterized isolates and two culture collection strains was analyzed by inoculating shrimp cheese spread with single cultures and then storing them at 37°C. Tubes inoculated with C. tyrobutyricum did not show any visible signs of growth (e.g., coagulation, discoloration, gas formation) in the cheese spread. After 2 weeks of incubation, tubes inoculated with C. cochlearium or C. sporogenes showed gas-holes, syneresis with separation of coagulated casein and liquid, and a change in color of the cheese. The amount of CO2 produced by C. cochlearium strains was approximately one-third that produced by the majority of C. sporogenes strains. To our knowledge, this is the first study to isolate and identify C. cochlearium as a spoilage organism in cheese spread.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Leptotrichia and description of Leptotrichia goodfellowii sp. nov., Leptotrichia hofstadii sp. nov., Leptotrichia shahii sp. nov. and Leptotrichia wadei sp. nov.

2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emenike R. K. Eribe ◽  
Bruce J. Paster ◽  
Dominique A. Caugant ◽  
Floyd E. Dewhirst ◽  
Verlyn K. Stromberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
16S Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Sds Page

Sixty strains of Gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria from human sources initially assigned to Leptotrichia buccalis (n=58) and ‘Leptotrichia pseudobuccalis’ (n=2) have been subjected to polyphasic taxonomy. Full-length 16S rDNA sequencing, DNA–DNA hybridization, RAPD, SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins, cellular fatty acid analysis and enzymic/biochemical tests supported the establishment of four novel Leptotrichia species from this collection, Leptotrichia goodfellowii sp. nov. (type strain LB 57T=CCUG 32286T=CIP 107915T), Leptotrichia hofstadii sp. nov. (type strain LB 23T=CCUG 47504T=CIP 107917T), Leptotrichia shahii sp. nov. (type strain LB 37T=CCUG 47503T=CIP 107916T) and Leptotrichia wadei sp. nov. (type strain LB 16T=CCUG 47505T=CIP 107918T). Light and electron microscopy showed that the four novel species were Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods. L. goodfellowii produced arginine dihydrolase, β-galactosidase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, arginine arylamidase, leucine arylamidase and histidine arylamidase. L. shahii produced α-arabinosidase. L. buccalis and L. goodfellowii fermented mannose and were β-galactosidase-6-phosphate positive. L. goodfellowii, L. hofstadii and L. wadei were β-haemolytic. L. buccalis fermented raffinose. With L. buccalis, L. goodfellowii showed 3·8–5·5 % DNA–DNA relatedness, L. shahii showed 24·5–34·1 % relatedness, L. hofstadii showed 27·3–36·3 % relatedness and L. wadei showed 24·1–35·9 % relatedness. 16S rDNA sequencing demonstrated that L. hofstadii, L. shahii, L. wadei and L. goodfellowii each formed individual clusters with 97, 96, 94 and 92 % similarity, respectively, to L. buccalis.

scholarly journals Corrosion Inhibition of Tubing Steel during Acidization of Oil and Gas Wells

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yadav ◽  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
P. N. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Ac Impedance ◽  
Charge Transfer Resistance ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
N80 Steel ◽  
High Degree

Acidization is an oil reservoir stimulation technique for increasing oil well productivity. Hydrochloric acid is used in oil and gas production to stimulate the formation. The acid treatment occurs through N80 steel tubes. The process requires a high degree of corrosion inhibition of tubing material (N80 steel). In the present investigation effect of synthesized amino acid compounds, namely, acetamidoleucine (AAL) and benzamidoleucine (BAL) as corrosion inhibitors for N80 steel in 15% HCl solution was studied by polarization, AC impedance (EIS), and weight loss measurements. It was found that both the inhibitors were effective inhibitors and their inhibition efficiency was significantly increased with increasing concentration of inhibitors. Polarization curves revealed that the studied inhibitors represent mixed type inhibitors. AC impedance studies revealed that charge transfer resistance increases and double layer capacitance decreases in presence of inhibitors. Adsorption of inhibitors at the surface of N80 steel was found to obey Langmuir isotherm.

Survival and Growth of Clostridium Species in the Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 431-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. EL-GENDY ◽  
T. NASSIB ◽  
H. ABED-EL-GELLEL ◽  
N-EL-HODA HANAFY
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Clostridium Tyrobutyricum ◽  
Clostridium Species ◽  
Clostridium Sporogenes ◽  
Litmus Milk ◽  
Genus Clostridium ◽  
Survival And Growth

Some bacteria in the genus Clostridium can occur as contaminants in milk. If cheese is made from milk with such contaminants, the bacteria can cause the “late gas” or “late blowing” defect in the cheese. Since hydrogen peroxide can be used to treat milk for cheesemaking, this investigation was initiated to determine effects of the peroxide on viability and growth of Clostridium tyrobutyricum NIZO, C. tyrobutyricum 144, Clostridium perfringens 115 and Clostridium sporogenes T9. Presence of 0.01% hydrogen peroxide in litmus milk retarded but did not prevent growth of and gas production by the clostridia. Presence of 0.02% peroxide inhibited growth and gas production when litmus milk contained, per milliliter, 50 or 100 spores of any of the clostridia being studied. These numbers of clostridial spores are greater than those normally found in raw milk produced under ordinary conditions.

scholarly journals Differentiation of Erwinia chrpsanthemi and E. carotovora subsp. carotovora by the Cellular Fatty Acid Analysis

10.5109/24008 ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
Yuichi Kori ◽  
Naruto Furuya ◽  
Kazunori Tsuno ◽  
Nobuaki Matsuyama
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis

Hydrothermal Field Experiment Simulating Steel Canister Embedded in Expansive Clay - Physical Behavior of the Clay

1991 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Pusch ◽  
Ola Karnland ◽  
Alain Lajudie ◽  
Rosemarie Atabek
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Expansive Clay ◽  
Physical Behavior ◽  
Gas Formation ◽  
Aluminum Compounds ◽  
Short Test ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACTField heat experiments with kaolinite/smectite clay surrounding heaters in boreholes were conducted for 0.7 and 4 years with temperatures up to 170-180°C. The short test gave a high degree of water saturation even in the hottest part (> 75 %) and almost no change in physical properties and mineral composition. The long test gave a dry inner zone of claystone, indicating gas formation, and rich precipitation of silica/aluminum compounds and sulphate minerals. Brittleness characterized the hot parts and stiffening occurred also in the colder parts due to precipitation of silica and aluminum.

scholarly journals Kinneretia asaccharophila gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater lake, a member of the Rubrivivax branch of the family Comamonadaceae

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Gomila ◽  
Jarone Pinhassi ◽  
Enevold Falsen ◽  
Edward R. B. Moore ◽  
Jorge Lalucat
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Strictly Aerobic ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
The Family ◽  
Bacterium Strain ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

A strictly aerobic, Gram-negative bacterium, strain KIN192T, isolated from fresh water from Lake Kinneret, Israel, was examined using a polyphasic approach to characterize and clarify its phylogenetic and taxonomic position. Sequences of the 16S rRNA and gyrB genes and ITS1 revealed close relationships to species of the genera Pelomonas, Mitsuaria and Roseateles, in the Rubrivivax branch of the family Comamonadaceae of the Betaproteobacteria. Physiological and biochemical tests, cellular fatty acid analysis and DNA–DNA hybridizations indicated that this strain should be assigned to a new genus and species in the Rubrivivax phylogenetic branch, for which the name Kinneretia asaccharophila gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of Kinneretia asaccharophila is strain KIN192T (=CCUG 53117T =CECT 7319T).

scholarly journals Bacterial Blight of Leek: A New Disease in California Caused by Pseudomonas syringae

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven T. Koike ◽  
Jeri D. Barak ◽  
Diana M. Henderson ◽  
Robert L. Gilbertson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Allium Porrum ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonad ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Physiological Tests

During 1996 and 1997, a new and damaging disease of leek (Allium porrum) was observed on greenhouse-produced transplants and field-grown plants in California. Symptoms were water-soaked lesions at leaf tips, which eventually expanded down the length of the leaf and resulted in brown, elongated, stripe-like lesions with yellow margins. Diseased leaves eventually wilted. A blue fluorescent pseudomonad was consistently recovered from lesions, and biochemical and physiological tests indicated that it was Pseudomonas syringae. Pathogenicity tests established that representative strains of this P. syringae induced disease symptoms in leek that were similar to those observed on leek plants in the greenhouse and field, and that this bacterium caused similar symptoms in onion, chives, and garlic plants. Representative strains were further characterized by fatty acid analysis, repetitive bacterial sequence-polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR), and rDNA sequencing. Fatty acid analysis confirmed that these isolates were P. syringae, but did not provide a clear pathovar designation. Rep-PCR analysis revealed that all the California leek P. syringae strains had identical DNA fingerprints and that these strains were indistinguishable from those of known strains of P. syringae pv. porri. In addition, the rDNA sequence of the spacer region between 16S and 23S rDNA genes was identical among the California leek P. syringae strains and P. syringae pv. porri. Together, these results established that the new leek disease in California is caused by P. syringae pv. porri. P. syringae pv. porri was recovered from a commercial leek seed lot imported into California, which suggests that the pathogen was introduced in association with seed. Commercial leek production in California is favorable for development of this disease because transplants are produced in greenhouses with high plant densities, overhead irrigation, and mowing of plants.

scholarly journals Atopobium deltae sp. nov., isolated from the blood of a patient with Fournier’s gangrene

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_9) ◽  
pp. 3140-3145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piet Cools ◽  
Matthijs Oyaert ◽  
Mario Vaneechoutte ◽  
Emmanuel De Laere ◽  
Steven Vervaeke
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Cellular Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Fournier’S Gangrene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Fournier's Gangrene ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

A Gram-stain-positive, obligately anaerobic, short rod, designated strain HHRM1715T, was isolated from the blood of a patient with Fournier’s gangrene, complicated by sepsis. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain HHRM1715T was shown to belong to the genus Atopobium and was most closely related to Atopobium minutum (95 % similarity). The results of 16S rRNA-gene-based phylogenetic analysis, cellular fatty acid analysis and differential biochemical tests, showed that strain HHRM1715T represented a novel species of the genus Atopobium . We therefore describe Atopobium deltae sp. nov. with HHRM1715T ( = LMG 27987T = CCUG 65171T) as the type strain and propose an emended description of the genus Atopobium with regard to the DNA G+C content.

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