Adherence, Invasion, Toxigenic, and Chemotactic Properties of Mexican Campylobacter Strains

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2093-2098 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISMAEL MALAGÓN ◽  
SANTOS GARCÍA ◽  
NORMA HEREDIA
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Type Strains

To determine the virulence factors of Mexican wild-type strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, 31 wild-type strains were isolated from food and from humans. The production of cytolethal distending toxin and the adherence and invasion capabilities of these strains were assayed in Vero cells. Hard agar plugs with repellents and attractants were used to examine chemotaxis. Mueller-Hinton agar with supplements was used for motility analysis and to measure hemolytic activity. Nine strains of C. jejuni and eight strains of C. coli exhibited motility, most within a diameter of 2 to 13 mm. Most of the strains reacted to the repellent compounds analyzed, and α- and β-like hemolysis and cytotoxicity in Vero cells were observed for all strains. Isolates adhered to and invaded Vero cells to various degrees. Although strains of C. jejuni exhibited stronger adherence but less invasion compared with strains of C. coli, the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). The strains of C. jejuni and C. coli isolated from food and from patients in Mexico could have major impacts on public health.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolated from Cattle between 2002 and 2006 in France

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 825-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIERRE CHÂTRE ◽  
MARISA HAENNI ◽  
DANIÈLE MEUNIER ◽  
MARIE-ANNE BOTREL ◽  
DIDIER CALAVAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Environmental Reservoir ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Clinical Breakpoints

Feces from 2,255 cattle (calves, young beef cattle, and culled cows) were collected at slaughter from nine departments across France. Campylobacter was recovered from 16.5% of the 2,255 samples (C. jejuni from 12.8% and C. coli from 3.7%), predominantly from calves. Antimicrobial resistance to six antibiotics of medical and/or veterinary interest was tested with the E-test. Resistance to tetracycline was found in most isolates (52.8% of C. jejuni isolates and 88.1% of C. coli isolates) in contrast to low but consistent resistance to ampicillin and erythromycin. Only two C. coli isolates were resistant to gentamicin. Multiple resistance was frequently detected in C. jejuni and C. coli isolates, and 0.8% (3 of 372) of the isolates were resistant to five of the six antimicrobials. An upward trend in the resistance to quinolones and fluoroquinolones in C. jejuni from calves was found; resistance to nalidixic acid reached 70.4% in 2006 and fluoroquinolone resistance increased from 29.7 to 70.4% during 2002 through 2006. All data were analyzed in parallel using clinical breakpoints or epidemiological cutoff values, and the results overlapped largely, except those for gentamicin. This 5-year survey (2002 through 2006) gives the first overview of the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of C. jejuni and C. coli in cattle in France and documents to what extent cattle may contribute to the environmental reservoir of Campylobacter in France in the context of recurrent reports on links between human campylobacterioses and livestock. The results underline a notable increase in the resistance to fluoroquinolones in C. jejuni from cattle that may be of significant importance for public health.

scholarly journals The Sialylated Lipooligosaccharide Outer Core in Campylobacter jejuni Is an Important Determinant for Epithelial Cell Invasion

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 4431-4438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogier Louwen ◽  
Astrid Heikema ◽  
Alex van Belkum ◽  
Alewijn Ott ◽  
Michel Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Outer Core ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Epithelial Cell Lines ◽  
Bacterial Gastroenteritis ◽  
Important Virulence Factor ◽  
Epithelial Invasion ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Formalin Fixed

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni is a frequent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) has been identified as an important virulence factor that may play a role in microbial adhesion and invasion. Here we specifically address the question of whether LOS sialylation affects the interaction of C. jejuni with human epithelial cells. For this purpose, 14 strains associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), 34 enteritis-associated strains, the 81-176 reference strain, and 6 Penner serotype strains were tested for invasion of two epithelial cell lines. C. jejuni strains expressing sialylated LOS (classes A, B, and C) invaded cells significantly more frequently than strains expressing nonsialylated LOS (classes D and E) (P < 0.0001). To further explore this observation, we inactivated the LOS sialyltransferase (Cst-II) via knockout mutagenesis in three GBS-associated C. jejuni strains expressing sialylated LOS (GB2, GB11, and GB19). All knockout strains displayed significantly lower levels of invasion than the respective wild types. Complementation of a Δcst-II mutant strain restored LOS sialylation and reset the invasiveness to wild-type levels. Finally, formalin-fixed wild-type strains GB2, GB11 and GB19, but not the isogenic Δcst-II mutants that lack sialic acid, were able to inhibit epithelial invasion by viable GB2, GB11, and GB19 strains. We conclude that sialylation of the LOS outer core contributes significantly to epithelial invasion by C. jejuni and may thus play a role in subsequent postinfectious pathologies.

scholarly journals Campylobacter jejuni Cytolethal Distending Toxin Mediates Release of Interleukin-8 from Intestinal Epithelial Cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 6535-6541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Hickey ◽  
Annette L. McVeigh ◽  
Daniel A. Scott ◽  
Ronda E. Michielutti ◽  
Alyssa Bixby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Sodium Deoxycholate ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Protein Subunits ◽  
Shuttle Plasmid

ABSTRACT Live cells of Campylobacter jejuni andCampylobacter coli can induce release of interleukin-8 (IL-8) from INT407 cells. Additionally, membrane fractions of C. jejuni 81-176, but not membrane fractions of C. colistrains, can also induce release of IL-8. Membrane preparations from 81-176 mutants defective in any of the three membrane-associated protein subunits of cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) were unable to induce IL-8. The presence of the three cdt genes on a shuttle plasmid in trans restored both CDT activity and the ability to release IL-8 to membrane fractions. However, CDT mutations did not affect the ability of 81-176 to induce IL-8 during adherence to or invasion of INT407 cells. When C. jejuni cdt genes were transferred on a shuttle plasmid into a C. coli strain lacking CDT, membrane preparations became positive in both CDT and IL-8 assays. Growth of C. jejuni in physiological levels of sodium deoxycholate released all three CDT proteins, as well as CDT activity and IL-8 activity, from membranes into supernatants. Antibodies against recombinant forms of each of the three CDT subunit proteins neutralized both CDT activity and the activity responsible for IL-8 release. The data suggest that C. jejuni can induce IL-8 release from INT407 cells by two independent mechanisms, one of which requires adherence and/or invasion and the second of which requires CDT.

scholarly journals A PCR-RFLP assay for the detection and differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. fetus, C. hyointestinalis, C. lari, C. helveticus and C. upsaliensis

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazumasa Kamei ◽  
Masahiro Asakura ◽  
Srinuan Somroop ◽  
Noritoshi Hatanaka ◽  
Atsushi Hinenoya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽  
Restriction Digestion ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Rflp Assay ◽  
Human And Animal Diseases

Although Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the most common bacterial causes of human gastrointestinal diseases, other Campylobacter species are also involved in human and animal infections. In this study, we developed a cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene-based PCR-RFLP assay for the detection and differentiation of C. jejuni, C. coli, C. fetus, C. hyointestinalis, C. lari, C. helveticus and C. upsaliensis. Previously designed common primers, which can amplify the cdtB gene of C. jejuni, C. coli and C. fetus, were used for detecting seven Campylobacter species and differentiating between them by restriction digestion. The PCR-RFLP assay was validated with 277 strains, including 35 C. jejuni, 19 C. coli, 20 C. fetus, 24 C. hyointestinalis, 13 C. lari, 2 C. helveticus, 22 C. upsaliensis, 3 other Campylobacter spp. and 17 other species associated with human diseases. Sensitivity and specificity of the PCR-RFLP assay were 100 % except for C. hyointestinalis (88 % sensitivity). Furthermore, the PCR-RFLP assay successfully detected and differentiated C. jejuni, C. coli and C. fetus in clinical and animal samples. The results indicate that the PCR-RFLP assay is useful for the detection and differentiation of seven Campylobacter species important for human and animal diseases.

scholarly journals Progress towards Rapid Detection of Measles Vaccine Strains: a Tool To Inform Public Health Interventions

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 686-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill K. Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Epidemiological Tool ◽  
Type Strains

ABSTRACT Rapid differentiation of vaccine from wild-type strains in suspect measles cases is a valuable epidemiological tool that informs the public health response to this highly infectious disease. Few public health laboratories sequence measles virus-positive specimens to determine genotype, and the vaccine-specific real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR) assay described by F. Roy et al. (J. Clin. Microbiol. 55:735–743, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01879-16 ) offers a rapid, easily adoptable method to identify measles vaccine strains in suspect cases.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Selected Genes in Campylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Coli Isolates from Domestic Animals

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-286
Author(s):  
Marek Selwet ◽  
Mariola Galbas
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence

Abstract In the present study, the presence of flaA, cadF, cdtB, and iam genes of Campylobacter sp. were analysed using PCR. Material for analyses comprised 100 Campylobacter sp. isolates obtained from healthy broiler chickens, fatteners, and calves, among which 84 isolates were ascribed to Campylobacter jejeuni and 16 to Campylobacter coli. All isolates (100%) had the cadF gene responsible for adhesion and the flaA gene determining the motility of the analysed bacteria. The frequency of occurrence of the cdtB gene responsible for the production of the cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) was determined to be high (98.6% in broiler chickens, 75% in fatteners, 62.5% in calves). In case of the iam gene, the highest frequency was recorded in Campylobacter sp. isolated from broiler chickens (84.7%), while in strains collected from fatteners and calves it was lower, amounting to 41.7% and 18.8%, respectively.

Limiting Conditions of Temperature and pH for Growth of “Thermophilic” Campylobacters on Solid Media

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 767-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. GILL ◽  
LYNDA M. HARRIS
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Type Strains

Strains of Campylobacter previously used for studies with meat, included strains distinguishable as Campylobacter jejuni and nalidixic acid-resistant thermophilic campylobacters (NARTC). The pH and temperature minima for growth on agar plates were determined for 12 strains: six strains used in the meat studies (four C. jejuni, two NARTC), three type strains (C. jejuni, Campylobacter coli, NARTC) and three strains of C. jejuni whose pH and temperature ranges in liquid culture had been determined by other workers. Heavy, visible inocula of most strains grew at temperatures 2°C lower and pH values 0.2 or 0.3 unit lower than the minima observed with light inocula. For all strains of C. jejuni, values for temperature and pH minima from heavy inocula, 32°C and pH 5.1, were comparable with those reported for growth of three strains in liquid media. The pH minima for NARTC strains (pH 5.8) were higher than those for C. jejuni, but temperature minima were similar.

scholarly journals Survey of chicken abattoir for the presence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 307-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana L.L. Cortez ◽  
Angela C.F.B. Carvalho ◽  
Eliana Scarcelli ◽  
Simone Miyashiro ◽  
Ana M.C. Vidal-Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

The genus Campylobacter is of great importance to public health because it includes several species that may cause diarrhea. These species may be found in water, food and in the intestinal tract of chickens. This study investigated the presence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in chicken abattoirs in São Paulo State, Brazil. A total of 288 samples of feces, feathers, scald water, evisceration water, chiller water, and the rinse water of eviscerated, not eviscerated and chilled carcasses were collected in six chicken abattoirs. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed in Campylobacter spp.-positive isolates using the gene HIP, specific for hippuricase enzyme from Campylobacter jejuni and aspartokinase gene, specific to detect Campylobacter coli. The percentage of positive isolates of Campylobacter jejuni was 4.9% (14/288). Isolation was greater in feces samples (22%, 8/36). One sample was positive for the species C. coli. In conclusion, the results indicate that it is necessary to improve quality control for Campylobacter spp. in chicken abattoirs.

scholarly journals Differences in virulence attributes between cytolethal distending toxin positive and negative Campylobacter jejuni strains

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepika Jain ◽  
Kashi Nath Prasad ◽  
Sushmita Sinha ◽  
Nuzhat Husain
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽  
Culture Supernatants ◽  
Major Target

Campylobacter jejuni is a common gastrointestinal bacterial pathogen. Although cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is proposed to be an important virulence determinant of this pathogen, how CDT+ and CDT− strains differ in their biological properties remains largely unknown. The virulence properties of CDT+ and CDT− strains were studied on HeLa cells and in the suckling mouse model. Presence of the cdtB gene in Campylobacter species was determined by PCR. Five each of CDT+ and CDT− C. jejuni strains were subjected to adherence, invasion and cytotoxicity assay on the HeLa cell line. Bacterial culture supernatants with and without CDT activity were inoculated intragastrically into 2-day-old suckling mice. The mice were sacrificed within 48 h. Histopathological examination of stomach, jejunum, ileum and colon was performed by haematoxylin/eosin staining. cdtB was detected in 88 % and 14 % of C. jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains, respectively. CDT+ C. jejuni strains adhered to and invaded HeLa cells in significantly higher numbers than CDT− strains [CDT+ vs CDT−, adherence 2.7×104±3.5×104 vs 2.7×102±1.9×102; invasion 1.0×103±1.3×103 vs1.4×101±3.1×101; P<0.01]. Culture supernatants of all CDT+ strains demonstrated CDT activity on HeLa cells. Mice inoculated with supernatant containing CDT activity had moderate to severe pathology in different parts of their gastrointestinal tract, with the colon being the major target. Mice inoculated with supernatant lacking CDT activity showed no significant pathology in the gastrointestinal tract. The results demonstrate that CDT+ C. jejuni strains adhere to and invade epithelial cells more efficiently than CDT− strains. CDT is responsible for intestinal pathology and the colon is the major target.

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