Fate of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Southern Rock Lobster (Jasus edwardsii) during Cooking: Concentration, Composition, and Distribution

2017 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Turnbull ◽  
Navreet Malhi ◽  
Jessica Tan ◽  
D. Tim Harwood ◽  
Thomas Madigan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Alexandrium Tamarense ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Rock Lobster ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Jasus Edwardsii

ABSTRACTParalytic shellfish toxin (PST) producing microalgal blooms have a significant economic impact on the Southern Rock Lobster (Jasus edwardsii) fishery in Tasmania, Australia. The regulatory level of 0.8 mg of saxitoxin (STX) eq/kg in place for bivalve shellfish fisheries is applied to lobster hepatopancreas during blooms of toxic algae, resulting in harvest closures and ongoing risk management implications for the fishery. This cooking study was undertaken to inform a human health risk assessment, in conjunction with studies on the uptake and elimination of PST in J. edwardsii. Live lobsters in tanks were contaminated through consumption of PST-containing mussels harvested during an Alexandrium tamarense Group 1 bloom event. This resulted in a mean lobster hepatopancreas level of 2.83 ± 0.84 mg of STX·2HCl eq/kg. Other edible tissues contained negligible concentrations of toxin. PST concentrations in all tissues did not significantly change after boiling or steaming, although the amount of hepatopancreas available for consumption did decrease significantly with both cooking methods, because the tissue became more dispersed, resulting in an overall reduction in the toxin exposure per hepatopancreas consumed. The toxin profile was dominated by STX; gonyautoxin 2, 3; N-sulfocarbamoyl-gonyautoxin 2, 3 (C1,2); and gonyautoxin 5. No significant changes to the toxin profile were observed after either of the cooking methods. Pâté, bisque, and soufflé prepared from the hepatopancreas of toxic lobsters contained negligible levels of PST in each serving; on average, a serving of pâté contained 0.01 mg of STX·2HCl eq, whereas a serving of bisque or soufflé contained <0.01 mg of STX·2HCl eq. The findings of this study will inform a risk assessment of PST in J. edwardsii to determine risk management options for this fishery in Australia.

Detection of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Southern Rock Lobster Jasus edwardsii Using the Qualitative Neogen™ Lateral Flow Immunoassay: Single-Laboratory Validation

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 784-791
Author(s):  
Juan José Dorantes-Aranda ◽  
Aiko Hayashi ◽  
Alison R Turnbull ◽  
Jessica Y C Jolley ◽  
D Tim Harwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Rock Lobster ◽  
Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Jasus Edwardsii ◽  
Single Laboratory

Abstract Background Paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) are a significant problem for the Tasmanian shellfish and Southern Rock Lobster (Jasus edwardsii) industries, and the introduction of a rapid screening test in the monitoring program could save time and money. Objective The aim was to perform a single-laboratory validation of the Neogen rapid test for PST in the hepatopancreas of Southern Rock Lobster. Methods The AOAC INTERNATIONAL guidelines for the validation of qualitative binary chemistry methods were followed. Three different PST profiles (mixtures) were used, of which two were commonly found in naturally contaminated lobster hepatopancreas (high in gonyautoxin 2&3 and saxitoxin), and the third toxin profile was observed in a few select animals (high in gonyautoxin 1&4). Results The Neogen test consistently returned negative results for non-target toxins (selectivity). The probability of detection (POD) of PST in the lobster hepatopancreas using the Neogen test increased with increasing PST concentrations. POD values of 1.0 were obtained at ≥0.57 mg STX-diHCl eq/kg in mixtures 1 and 2, and 0.95 and 1.0 for mixture 3 at 0.79 and 1.21 mg STX-diHCl eq/kg, respectively, with a fitted POD of 0.98 for 0.80 mg STX-diHCl eq/kg. The performance of the Neogen test when using four different production lots (ruggedness) showed no significant differences. Conclusions The results of the validation study were satisfactory and the Neogen test is being trialed within the Tasmanian PST monitoring program of Southern Rock Lobster. Highlights The Neogen rapid kit was successfully validated for the detection of PST in Southern Rock Lobster hepatopancreas.

Accumulation of paralytic shellfish toxins by Southern Rock lobster Jasus edwardsii causes minimal impact on lobster health

2021 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 105704
Author(s):  
Alison Turnbull ◽  
Navreet Malhi ◽  
Andreas Seger ◽  
Jessica Jolley ◽  
Gustaaf Hallegraeff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Lobster ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Jasus Edwardsii

scholarly journals Experimental uptake and depuration of paralytic shellfish toxins in Southern Rock Lobster, Jasus edwardsii

Toxicon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Madigan ◽  
Navreet Malhi ◽  
Jessica Tan ◽  
Catherine McLeod ◽  
Ian Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Lobster ◽  
Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Toxins ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Jasus Edwardsii

Evaluating Risk After a Hazardous Waste Treatment Plant Released Persistent Organic Pollutants. Part 1. Background and Policy Issues

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tee L. Guidotti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Treatment Plant

On 16 October 1996, a malfunction at the Swan Hills Special Waste Treatment Center (SHSWTC) in Alberta, Canada, released an undetermined quantity of persistent organic pollutants to the atmosphere. An ecologically based, staged health risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the human health risk, the findings of which are presented in Part 2, on Ecotoxicology and Human Health Risk. The incident resulted in the largest fine for an environmental infraction in Alberta history up to that time. Despite the incident, the province of Alberta has continued to subsidize the facility and has kept it in operation, with changes in management. The policy rationale is that if the facility were not available, accumulation and possible diversion of hazardous waste into illegal disposal alternatives would threaten the environment much more than operation of the plant. This case study illustrates an ecological approach to risk assessment and an attempted culturally sensitive approach to risk management. Incidents in which people are exposed to toxic substances do not occur in a social vacuum. Risk management strategies must be adapted to groups with different cultural values and expectations. Community and individual responses to such incidents, and the development of health advisory messages, may depend on presenting information on exposure and risk in terms consistent with cultural patterns among subpopulations in the community.

Human health risk associated with direct potable reuse – evaluation through quantitative relative risk assessment case studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Soller ◽  
M. H. Nellor ◽  
C. J. Cruz ◽  
E. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Relative Risk Assessment ◽  
Direct Potable Reuse

Two hypothetical quantitative relative risk assessment (QRRA) case study evaluations illustrate how QRRA can inform risk management decisions for direct potable reuse.

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Air In A Dispute Over Petrochemical Emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Theodore Cousins
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Environmental Disputes ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Science Policy Interface ◽  
Chemical Valley

Combined air emissions from multiple petrochemical facilities operating in the area known as Chemical Valley in Sarnia, Ontario, Canada, have led to escalating concerns over health effects to nearby residents. By conducting a quantitative health risk assessment of ambient air data collected from 2008-2014, this thesis investigated whether current emissions are resulting in increased health risk for the population living near Chemical Valley. The results of this analysis are that health risks are slightly higher than levels considered acceptable for large populations, but are within levels often accepted for smaller groups based on the traditional risk assessment - risk management paradigm. Interpreting these results in the context of the literature about the science-policy interface, and environmental dispute resolution, this thesis highlights several problems with using the traditional risk assessment - risk management paradigm as the basis for decision-making in environmental disputes— particularly when the affected population is Indigenous.

scholarly journals 434 Environmental Risk Assessment—A Nutrient Management Planning Strategy For Nursery and Greenhouse Systems

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 468C-468
Author(s):  
John D. Lea-Cox
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Nutrient Runoff

In 1998, the state of Maryland adopted some of the toughest nutrient management planning regulations in the Nation, requiring virtually all agricultural operations plan and implement nitrogen and phosphorus-based management plans by Dec. 2002. The nursery and greenhouse industry is faced with a far more complicated nutrient management planning process than traditional agronomic planning scenarios. Factors include a large number (>500) of plant species, various fertilization and irrigation strategies, with crop cycles ranging from 6 weeks (bedding plants) to upwards of 15 years for some tree species in field production, often with a lack of knowledge of specific nutrient uptake rates and utilization. In addition, unique infrastructural and site characteristics that contribute to water and nutrient runoff from each nursery contribute to a multitude of variables that should be considered in the planning process. The challenge was to identify a simple, effective process for nutrient management planning that would a) provide an accurate assessment of nutrient loss potential from this wide variety of production scenarios, b) identify those specific factors that contribute most to nutrient leaching and runoff, and c) provide a mechanism to economically assess the various risk management (mitigation) scenarios. This risk assessment process provides information on a number of fixed (site) and dynamic (management) variables for soils/substrates, irrigation and fertilization practices, together with any surface water management systems (e.g. containment ponds, riparian buffers). When all the risk factors for a nursery are evaluated and scored, the complete picture of risk assessment then emerges. By identifying higher risk factors and evaluating different risk management options, the grower and/or nutrient management planner can then choose economic alternatives to reduce the potential for nutrient runoff.

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