scholarly journals Persistence of Listeria innocua on Fresh Apples During Long-Term Controlled Atmosphere Cold Storage with Postharvest Fungal Decay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Hamilton ◽  
Blanca Ruiz-Llacsahuanga ◽  
Manoella Mendoza ◽  
James Mattheis ◽  
Ines Hanrahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Listeria Innocua ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Apple Variety

Recent apple-related recall and outbreak events have exposed a need for better food safety controls along the supply chain. Following harvest apples can be stored under a controlled atmosphere for up to one year after harvest before packing and distribution, making the crop susceptible to many opportunities for contamination that increase the quantity of postharvest losses. Botrytis cinerea (BC) and Penicillium expansum (PE) cause significant rot-associated losses to the apple industry. These fungi can colonize and destroy apple tissue as storage duration increases, which may also impact the growth of saprophytic foodborne pathogens like Listeria monocytogenes . Thus the objective of this study was to observe population changes of Listeria innocua (LI) as a surrogate for L. monocytogenes on apples inoculated with BC or PE under long-term controlled atmosphere cold storage conditions to identify the effect of postharvest mold growth on growth patterns of a food safety-relevant microorganism. ‘Gala’ and ‘WA 38’ apples (n = 1,080) were harvested, treated with pyrimethanil, and inoculated with LI only, or LI and one of the mold species on wounded and unwounded portions of the apple equator. Apples were treated with 1-methylcyclopropene and stored at a controlled atmosphere (2kPa O 2 , 1kPa CO 2 , 1°C) for 1 week and 1, 3, 6, 9 and 11 months before enumeration. After three months LI consistently fell below the limit of detection (2.35 log CFU/g) and samples were enriched following a modified BAM method with PCR confirmation. Listeria persistence was dependent on the storage duration and type of fungal contamination ( p < 0.05). Surface wounding may impact these trends, depending on the apple variety.   Prevalence of LI was greater in ‘Gala’ apples. Future studies should more closely examine the interactions on the fruit surface that occur during the seemingly critical timeframe of three-to-six months in storage.

Control of blue mold (Penicillium expansum) by fludioxonil in apples (cv Empire) under controlled atmosphere and cold storage conditions

2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deena Errampalli ◽  
John Northover ◽  
Lisa Skog ◽  
Nichole R Brubacher ◽  
Cheryl A Collucci
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Blue Mold

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Low-Dose Continuous Gaseous Ozone in Controlling Listeria innocua on Red Delicious Apples During 9-Month Commercial Cold Storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoye Shen ◽  
Yuan Su ◽  
Zi Hua ◽  
Lina Sheng ◽  
Manoella Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Listeria Innocua ◽  
Gaseous Ozone ◽  
Soft Scald ◽  
Apple Quality

This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-dose continuous ozone gas in controlling Listeria innocua and quality attributes and disorders of Red Delicious apples during long-term commercial cold storage. Red Delicious apples were inoculated with a three-strain L. innocua cocktail at ∼6.2 log10 CFU/apple, treated with or without 1-methylcyclopropene, and then subjected to controlled atmosphere (CA) storage with or without continuous gaseous ozone in a commercial facility for 36 weeks. Uninoculated Red Delicious apples subjected to the above storage conditions were used for yeast/mold counts and quality attributes evaluation. The 36 weeks of refrigerated air (RA) or CA storage caused ∼2.2 log10 CFU/apple reduction of L. innocua. Ozone gas application caused an additional > 3 log10 CFU/apple reduction of L. innocua compared to RA and CA storage alone. During the 36-week CA storage, low-dose continuous gaseous ozone application significantly retarded the growth of yeast/mold, delayed apple firmness loss, and had no negative influence on ozone burn, lenticel decay, russet, CO2 damage, superficial scald, and soft scald of Red Delicious apples compared to CA-alone storage. In summary, the application of continuous low-dose gaseous ozone has the potential to control Listeria on Red Delicious apples without negatively influencing apple quality attributes.

Reduced Detectability of Listeria monocytogenes in the Presence of Listeria innocua

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1282-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
ULRIKE ZITZ ◽  
MARIJA ZUNABOVIC ◽  
KONRAD J. DOMIG ◽  
PETER-THEODOR WILRICH ◽  
WOLFGANG KNEIFEL
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Listeria Innocua ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Automated Method

Recent foodborne crises have demonstrated the importance of monitoring food safety. In terms of microbiological criteria, food safety requires the reliable detection of pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes along the food chain by appropriate analytical methods. However, indications exist that accompanying Listeria innocua strains suppress the growth of L. monocytogenes during selective enrichment, which may cause reduced or even inhibited detection. To study these effects, the limit of detection of L. monocytogenes was investigated in the presence of L. innocua using the International Organization for Standardization standard method ISO 11290-1 and the VIDAS LDUO system, an automated method based on enzyme-linked fluorescence technology. The challenge was to provide low initial Listeria concentrations at sufficient precision to quantify the influence on the probability of detection of L. monocytogenes. The application of reference materials appropriate for quantitative test methods and a standardized dilution procedure were necessary to ensure accurate CFU levels of defined proportions of mixtures of both Listeria species. During selective enrichment, overgrowth of L. monocytogenes by L. innocua could be confirmed, leading to high rates of false-negative results. Moreover, with both methods, a significant decrease in the detectability of L. monocytogenes could be quantified at ratios of 2:1 at very low concentrations representative of natural contamination levels often found in foods and environments. It is concluded that there is a need to improve existing procedures with respect to selective enrichment, as well as the detection techniques.

scholarly journals Pre- and Postharvest Factors Control the Disease Incidence of Superficial Scald in the New Fire Blight Tolerant Apple Variety “Ladina”

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Laura Dällenbach ◽  
Thomas Eppler ◽  
Simone Bühlmann-Schütz ◽  
Markus Kellerhals ◽  
Andreas Bühlmann
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Apple Variety ◽  
Superficial Scald ◽  
Tolerant Variety ◽  
And Storage

Superficial scald is a physiological disorder that develops during cold storage affecting apples and causes substantial market losses. Malus × domestica cv. Ladina, a new scab resistant and fire blight tolerant variety, commercialized in 2012, shows a physiological disorder similar to superficial scald after storage. Here, we used different pre- and postharvest approaches to characterize the occurrence of these superficial scald symptoms in Malus × domestica cv. Ladina. Over a period of seven years, fruits from multiple orchards were stored for five to seven months and the occurrence of superficial scald was assessed in fruits after cold storage and controlled atmosphere (CA) storage. Apples picked at different stages of ripeness within the same year differed in superficial scald development. Additionally, superficial scald differed significantly between years and locations, strongly suggesting that maturity at harvest, weather during the growing season, and orchard management play important roles in scald occurrence. Treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) after harvest, and storage in a dynamically controlled atmosphere (DCA) significantly reduced the occurrence of superficial scald, whereas storage under ultralow oxygen concentrations (ULO) showed mild but not significant effects. Low calcium concentrations in the fruit flesh and peel were associated with stronger superficial scald occurrence.

Improvement of myocardial contractility by trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonist, after acute long term cold storage

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Karliova ◽  
K Denk ◽  
L Hakami ◽  
A Abugameh ◽  
P Ewald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Myocardial Contractility ◽  
Calmodulin Antagonist

When Vacant Lots Become Urban Gardens: Characterizing the Perceived and Actual Food Safety Concerns of Urban Agriculture in Ohio

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 2070-2080 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHELLE L. KAISER ◽  
MICHELE L. WILLIAMS ◽  
NICHOLAS BASTA ◽  
MICHELLE HAND ◽  
SARAH HUBER
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Urban Gardens ◽  
Soil Contaminants ◽  
Improve Access

This study was intended to characterize the perceived risks of urban agriculture by residents of four low-income neighborhoods in which the potential exists for further urban agriculture development and to provide data to support whether any chemical hazards and foodborne pathogens as potential food safety hazards were present. Sixty-seven residents participated in focus groups related to environmental health, food security, and urban gardening. In addition, soils from six locations were tested. Residents expressed interest in the development of urban gardens to improve access to healthy, fresh produce, but they had concerns about soil quality. Soils were contaminated with lead (Pb), zinc, cadmium (Cd), and copper, but not arsenic or chromium. Results from our study suggest paint was the main source of soil contamination. Detectable polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in urban soils were well below levels of concern. These urban soils will require further management to reduce Pb and possibly Cd bioavailability to decrease the potential for uptake into food crops. Although the number of locations in this study is limited, results suggest lower levels of soil contaminants at well-established gardens. Soil tillage associated with long-term gardening could have diluted the soil metal contaminants by mixing the contaminants with clean soil. Also, lower PAH levels in long-term gardening could be due to enhanced microbial activity and PAH degradation, dilution, or both due to mixing, similar to metals. No foodborne pathogen targets were detected by PCR from any of the soils. Residents expressed the need for clearness regarding soil quality and gardening practices in their neighborhoods to consume food grown in these urban areas. Results from this study suggest long-term gardening has the potential to reduce soil contaminants and their potential threat to food quality and human health and to improve access to fresh produce in low-income urban communities.

Changes in ACC and conjugated ACC levels following controlled atmosphere storage of nectarine

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Uthairatanakij ◽  
P. Penchaiya ◽  
B. McGlasson ◽  
P. Holford
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Gaseous Composition ◽  
Storage Atmosphere ◽  
Atmosphere Storage

Low temperature disorders of nectarines are thought to be expressions of chilling injury. Chilling injury is a form of stress usually associated with increased synthesis of ethylene and its immediate precursor, aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). However, other mechanisms for the development of chilling injury have been proposed. To help determine the nature of the processes leading to chilling injury in nectarines (Prunus persica) and how the gaseous composition of the storage atmosphere effects the development of low temperature disorders, levels of ACC and conjugated ACC were measured in fruit of the cv. Arctic Snow. These compounds were measured in fruit ripened at 20°C immediately after harvest, in fruit on removal from cold storage and in fruit ripened at 20°C following cold storage. During storage, fruit were kept at 0°C in the 4 following atmospheres: air; air + 15% CO2; air + 15 µL/L ethylene; and air + 15% CO2 + 15 µL/L ethylene. Concentrations of ACC remained low in all treatments and no significant changes in ACC levels due to added ethylene or CO2 were observed. Concentrations of conjugated ACC were about 10-times that of ACC and again were not influenced by the composition of the storage atmosphere. No significant changes in either ACC or conjugated ACC were observed until after flesh bleeding, the major symptoms of low temperature disorder expressed in these fruit, had begun to appear. It was concluded that disorders in nectarines stored at low temperatures are not a stress response involving a disruption of ethylene metabolism but may be associated with differential changes in the metabolism of enzymes associated with normal ripening.

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