PROTO-EAST ASIAN AND THE ORIGIN AND DISPERSAL OF THE LANGUAGES OF EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC

2005 ◽  
pp. 210-226
2019 ◽  

Combining strikingly new scholarship by art historians, historians, and ethnomusicologists, this interdisciplinary volume illuminates trade ties within East Asia, and from East Asia outwards, in the years 1550 to 1800. While not encyclopedic, the selected topics greatly advance our sense of this trade picture. Throughout the book, multi-part trade structures are excavated; the presence of European powers within the Asian trade nexus features as part of this narrative. Visual goods are highlighted, including lacquerwares, paintings, prints, musical instruments, textiles, ivory sculptures, unfired ceramic portrait figurines, and Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Southeast Asian ceramic vessels. These essays underscore the significance of Asian industries producing multiples, and the rhetorical charge of these goods, shifting in meaning as they move. Everyday commodities are treated as well; for example, the trans-Pacific trade in contraband mercury, used in silver refinement, is spelled out in detail. Building reverberations between merchant networks, trade goods, and the look of the objects themselves, this richly-illustrated book brings to light the Asian trade engine powering the early modern visual cultures of East and Southeast Asia, the American colonies, and Europe.


Author(s):  
Gerard L. Weinberg

Japan had been in open war with China since July 1937 and was continuing occasional advances against Chinese resistance. ‘Japan expands its war with China’ describes how German victories in the West in early 1940 suggested an opportunity to close off much of China's outside aid. In July 1941, Japanese forces occupied the southern part of French Indo-China, moving away from war with China to prepare attacks on territories controlled by the Netherlands, Britain, and the United States in East and Southeast Asia as well as the South Pacific. Japan's attack on Pearl Harbour in December 1941 brought the United States fully into the war, in both the Pacific and in Europe.


2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-236
Author(s):  
Cal Clark

Studies of Asian politics tend to follow one of two divergent analytic strategies. Area specialists emphasize the importance of Asian culture in shaping the politics and economics of those nations, whereas comparative theorists apply broader models of political behavior to the Asian context. Robert Compton seeks to integrate these two traditions, which generally speak past one another, by proposing a promising (albeit somewhat limited) model of the dynamics of democratization in East and Southeast Asia. The model explicitly incorporates the distinctive cultures of these nations as the central causal factor explaining the process of democratization and the characteristics of the democratic polities that have emerged in the region. Furthermore, in terms of normative questions, Compton uses this analysis to critique both sides in the current debate between advocates of democracy and critics who claim that democracy is incompatible with “Asian values.'' Thus, East Asian Democratization should be of interest to a wide variety of scholars concerned with Asian politics or with theories of democratization.


2021 ◽  
pp. 161-185
Author(s):  
Chunming Wu

AbstractThe historical documents and archaeological discoveries inform that sophisticated maritime cultures had been developed thousands of years ago along southeast coast of China and adjacent Southeast Asia. The indigenous Bai Yue (百越) ethnicities carried out early navigation between the coastal region East and Southeast Asia since Neolithic age, that is earlier before than the migration of Han people from North to South 2000 years ago (Chang, K.C. 1989; Rolett, B.V. 2007; Wu, C.M. 2019). These Neolithic seafaring groups have also been taken as the origin of the Pacific Austronesians (Chang, K.C. et al. 1964; Chang, K.C. 1987a; Rolett, B.V. et al. 2002; Wu, C.M. 2012a). By what kind of craft did they take on the great sea thousands of years ago? Archaeologists, historians, ethno-historians, and maritime culture researchers argued with different viewpoints.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiufeng Huang ◽  
Zi-Yang Xia ◽  
Xiaoyun Bin ◽  
Guanglin He ◽  
Jianxin Guo ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTSouthern China is the birthplace of rice-cultivating agriculture, different language families, and human migrations that facilitated these cultural diffusions. The fine-scale demographic history in situ, however, remains unclear. To comprehensively cover the genetic diversity in East and Southeast Asia, we generated genome-wide SNP data from 211 present-day Southern Chinese and co-analyzed them with more than 1,200 ancient and modern genomes. We discover that the previously described ‘Southern East Asian’ or ‘Yangtze River Farmer’ lineage is monophyletic but not homogeneous, comprising four regionally differentiated sub-ancestries. These ancestries are respectively responsible for the transmission of Austronesian, Kra-Dai, Hmong-Mien, and Austroasiatic languages and their original homelands successively distributed from East to West in Southern China. Multiple phylogenetic analyses support that the earliest living branching among East Asian-related populations is First Americans (∼27,700 BP), followed by the pre-LGM differentiation between Northern and Southern East Asians (∼23,400 BP) and the pre-Neolithic split between Coastal and Inland Southern East Asians (∼16,400 BP). In North China, distinct coastal and inland routes of south-to-north gene flow had established by the Holocene, and further migration and admixture formed the genetic profile of Sinitic speakers by ∼4,000 BP. Four subsequent massive migrations finalized the complete genetic structure of present-day Southern Chinese. First, a southward Sinitic migration and the admixture with Kra-Dai speakers formed the ‘Sinitic Cline’. Second, a bi-directional admixture between Hmong-Mien and Kra-Dai speakers gave rise to the ‘Hmong-Mien Cline’ in the interior of South China between ∼2,000 and ∼1,000 BP. Third, a southwestward migration of Kra-Dai speakers in recent ∼2,000 years impacted the genetic profile for the majority of Mainland Southeast Asians. Finally, an admixture between Tibeto-Burman incomers and indigenous Austroasiatic speakers formed the Tibeto-Burman speakers in Southeast Asia by ∼2,000 BP.


2007 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 251-292
Author(s):  
Tor A. Åfarli ◽  
Jarosław Jakielaszek ◽  
Iwona Witczak-Plisiecka ◽  
Wiktor Pskit ◽  
Jolanta Szpyra-Kozłowska ◽  
...  

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