Humboldt, Wilhelm von (1767–1835)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Beiser
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
German Culture ◽  
Philosophical Significance

Along with Schiller and Goethe, Humboldt was one of the chief representatives of Weimar classicism, a movement that aspired to revive German culture along the lines of ancient Greece. Humboldt’s philosophical significance resides mainly in two areas: political theory and the philosophy of language. In political theory he was one of the founders of modern liberalism; and in the philosophy of language, he was among the first to stress the importance of language for thought, and of culture for language.

Bulls and Deer, Women and Warriors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Sissa
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Democratic Culture ◽  
Popular Rule

In ancient Greece, manly men were thought to have invented popular rule and were considered capable, and worthy, of ruling themselves. The full appreciation of the gendered nature of democratic culture challenges our canonical vision of ancient politics. First, we have to place gender not at the margin, but at the heart of Athenian political culture. Second, we have to expand our primary ‘must-read’ sources, by including discourses that deal with the embodiment of a political identity: above all, the biological works of Aristotle. This chapter argues for a correlation between physiology and political theory within the Aristotelian corpus, as well as for the relevance of Aristotle’s insight for our understanding of ancient democracy.

Biblical Politics

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Steven J. Brams
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Military History ◽  
Western Tradition

Courses on political theory customarily start with the writings of Plato and Aristotle, who are rightfully considered the first great political philor sophers in the western tradition. Complementing this theoretical discourse, the wartime politics of ancient Greece, stressing its military history and the beliefs and motives of its leaders, is masterfully rendered by Thucydides.

Borges on Replication and Concept Formation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yemima Ben-Menahem
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
Jorge Luis Borges ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Common Theme ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
The Common

This chapter examines three stories by Jorge Luis Borges: “Funes: His Memory,” “Averroës's Search,” and “Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote.” Each of these highlights the intricate nature of concepts and replication in the broad sense. The common theme running through these three stories is the word–world relation and the problems this relation generates. In each story, Borges explores one aspect of the process of conceptualization, an endeavor that has engaged philosophers ever since ancient Greece and is still at the center of contemporary philosophy of language and philosophy of mind. Together, Borges's stories present a complex picture of concepts and processes of conceptualization.

scholarly journals Ancient Philosophers in Saint Petersburg: Visual-Plastic Forming of City and Person

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 868-893
Author(s):  
Daniil Dorofeev
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Art Collections ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Philosophical Significance ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Plastic Forming ◽  
Human Image ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the study of philosophical significance of visual and plastic iconography of ancient philosophers as a special way of education and formation of human image, landscape of the city and culture as a whole. The author seeks to identify and analyze as much as possible the presence of such images in St. Petersburg, primarily in the form of sculptural statues and busts in palaces and parks. For this purpose the article examines what role antique plastic art played in the systems of education and aesthetics of everyday life of in the 18th and 19th centuries men, how and by whom it was perceived, disseminated and propagandized. Particular attention is paid to the history and philosophy of garden art from Ancient Greece to the Enlightenment, since this is where the educational function of the iconography of ancient philosophers (for example, in the Summer Garden and Pavlovsky Park) is expressively revealed. The article uses extensive material to illustrate the peculiarities of ancient art collections and the originality of images of ancient philosophers in European and Russian culture of the 18th–19th centuries.

Kripke, Saul Aaron (1940–)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jubien
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Possible Worlds ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Philosophical Significance ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Concept Of Truth ◽  
And Mathematics

Saul Kripke is one of the most important and influential philosophers of the late twentieth century. He is also one of the leading mathematical logicians, having done seminal work in areas including modal logic, intuitionistic logic and set theory. Although much of his work in logic has philosophical significance, it will not be discussed here. Kripke’s main contributions fall in the areas of metaphysics, philosophy of language, epistemology, philosophy of mind and philosophy of logic and mathematics. He is particularly well known for his views on and discussions of the following topics: the concepts of necessity, identity and ‘possible worlds’; ‘essentialism’ – the idea that things have significant essential properties; the question of what determines the referent of an ordinary proper name and the related question of whether such names have meanings; the relations among the concepts of necessity, analyticity, and the a priori; the concept of belief and its problems; the concept of truth and its problems; and scepticism, the idea of following a rule, and Ludwig Wittgenstein’s ‘private language argument’. This entry will be confined to the topics of identity, proper names, necessity and essentialism.

Locke on Punishment, Property and Moral Knowledge

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Ward
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Moral Knowledge ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Natural Right ◽  
Philosophical Significance ◽  
Law Of Nature ◽  
Theoretical Innovation ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

AbstractLocke's admittedly 'very strange' sounding doctrine of natural executive power, according to which the individual has the right to execute the law of nature, has long been one of the most controversial features of his moral philosophy. In contrast to the many commentators who deny its theoretical innovation and challenge its individualist premises, this study proposes that the philosophical significance of Locke's natural right to punish derives from its critical departure from earlier moral and political theory. It also argues that the individualist political and religious implications of the natural punishment doctrine are only fully intelligible in light of Locke's theory of property and the assessment of the epistemological limits and possibilities for acquiring moral knowledge in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding.

scholarly journals Alexander Dugin’s Heideggerianism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Millerman
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
The Political ◽  
Philosophical Significance ◽  
Broad Overview

This paper argues for the central role of Martin Heidegger’s thought in Alexander Dugin’s political philosophy or political theory. Part one is a broad overview of the place of Heidegger in Dugin’s political theory. Part two outlines how Dugin uses Heidegger to elaborate a specifically Russian political theory. Part three shows how apparently unphilosophical political concepts from Dugin’s political theory have a Heideggerian meaning for him. Because of what he regards as a homology between the philosophical and the political, his readers must always be aware of the philosophical significance of his political concepts and vice versa. Tracing Heidegger’s central role helps clarify Dugin’s political thought.

Rilke's Sonnets to Orpheus

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Animal Ethics ◽  
Philosophy Of Technology ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Philosophical Significance ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Introductory Essay ◽  
Relative Neglect ◽  
Philosophical Poetics ◽  
Critical Perspectives

Rilke’s “Sonnets to Orpheus”: Philosophical and Critical Perspectives sheds new light on the philosophical significance of Rilke’s late masterpiece The Sonnets to Orpheus (1923), which Rilke wrote during an intensive period of inspiration in the winter of 1922. While the Duino Elegies (completed during the same period) have historically received more critical and philosophical attention than the Sonnets, this volume serves to remedy the relative neglect and illustrates the unique character and importance of the Sonnets as well as their significant connections to the Elegies. The volume features eight essays by philosophers, literary critics, and Rilke scholars, which explore a number of the central themes and motifs of the Sonnets as well as the significance of their formal qualities. An introductory essay (coauthored by the editors) situates the book in the context of philosophical poetics, the reception of Rilke as a philosophical poet, and the place of the Sonnets in Rilke’s oeuvre. The book’s premise is that an interdisciplinary approach to poetry, and more specifically to Rilke’s Sonnets, can facilitate crucial insights with the potential to expand the horizons of philosophy and criticism. The wide-ranging essays elucidate the relevance of the Sonnets to phenomenology and existentialism, hermeneutics and philosophy of language, philosophical poetics, philosophy of mythology, metaphysics, modernist aesthetics, feminism, ecocriticism, animal ethics, and philosophy of technology.

scholarly journals The Cambridge School and Kripke: Bug Detecting with the History of Political Thought

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Bosworth ◽  
Keith Dowding
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Step Method ◽  
History Of Political Thought ◽  
New Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Opinions ◽  
Theories Of Meaning ◽  
Cambridge School

AbstractWe propose a two-step method for studying the history of political thought roughly in line with the contextualism of the Cambridge School. It reframes the early Cambridge School as a bug-detecting program for the outdated conceptual baggage we unknowingly accommodate with our political terminology. Such accommodation often entails propositions that are inconsistent with even our most cherished political opinions. These bugs can cause political arguments to crash. This reframing takes seriously the importance of theories of meaning in the formative methodological arguments of the Cambridge School and updates the argument in light of new developments. We argue the new orthodoxy of Saul Kripke's causal theory of meaning in the philosophy of language better demonstrates the importance of contextual analysis to modern political theory.

scholarly journals Philosophy and Model Theory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Button ◽  
Sean Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Model Theory ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Philosophy Of Mathematics ◽  
Philosophical Logic ◽  
Philosophical Discussion ◽  
Mathematical Structures ◽  
Philosophical Significance ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
The One

Model theory is used in every theoretical branch of analytic philosophy: in philosophy of mathematics, in philosophy of science, in philosophy of language, in philosophical logic, and in metaphysics. But these wide-ranging appeals to model theory have created a highly fragmented literature. On the one hand, many philosophically significant results are found only in mathematics textbooks: these are aimed squarely at mathematicians; they typically presuppose that the reader has a serious background in mathematics; and little clue is given as to their philosophical significance. On the other hand, the philosophical applications of these results are scattered across disconnected pockets of papers. The first aim of this book, then, is to consider the philosophical uses of model theory, focusing on the central topics of reference, realism, and doxology. Its second aim is to address important questions in the philosophy of model theory, such as: sameness of theories and structure, the boundaries of logic, and the classification of mathematical structures. Philosophy and Model Theory will be accessible to anyone who has completed an introductory logic course. It does not assume that readers have encountered model theory before, but starts right at the beginning, discussing philosophical issues that arise even with conceptually basic model theory. Moreover, the book is largely self-contained: model-theoretic notions are defined as and when they are needed for the philosophical discussion, and many of the most philosophically significant results are given accessible proofs.

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