Governance for Sustainability in East Asian Global Cities: An Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 380-410
Author(s):  
Mee Kam Ng
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Global Cities

RELAY+: Exploratory study of ramucirumab plus gefitinib in untreated patients (pts) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9564-9564
Author(s):  
Makoto Nishio ◽  
Kazuto Nishio ◽  
Martin Reck ◽  
Edward B. Garon ◽  
Fumio Imamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Metastatic Nsclc ◽  
Egfr Mutated ◽  
Egfr T790m

9564 Background: The phase III randomized part of the RELAY study (Part B; RELAY; NCT02411448) showed a significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) for ramucirumab (RAM) plus erlotinib (ERL) vs placebo plus ERL in 449 untreated pts with EGFR-mutated metastatic NSCLC (median PFS: 19.4 vs 12.4 months; stratified hazard ratio: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.46–0.76, p<0.0001; 1-year PFS rate: 71.9% vs 50.7%). Here we report initial results from RELAY+ (additional cohort of RELAY; Part C), an open-label, single-arm, exploratory study evaluating RAM plus gefitinib (GEF) in East Asian pts. Methods: Previously untreated East Asian pts with metastatic NSCLC and EGFR exon 19 deletions (Ex19del) or exon 21 substitution mutation (Ex21.L858R) received RAM (10 mg/kg Q2W) plus GEF (250 mg/day) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The 1-year PFS rate (primary endpoint, assuming a 1-year PFS rate of 55% for RAM+GEF), tumor response, biomarkers, and safety were assessed. EGFR T790M status (baseline/30-day follow-up) was assessed in liquid biopsy samples by Guardant360 NGS. Results: In total, 82 pts were enrolled (Japan: 68; Taiwan: 8; Korea: 6); 65.9% were female, 65.9% were never-smokers, and 43.9% had Ex19del. With median follow-up of 13.8 months (range: 2.6–20.2; censoring rate: 58.5%), the overall 1-year PFS rate (95% CI) was 65.0% (52.4–75.1), 67.2% (48.6–80.3) in pts with Ex19del (n=36), and 63.4% (45.0–77.1) in pts with Ex21.L858R (n=46). The objective response rate was 70.7% (95% CI: 59.6–80.3), disease control rate was 98.8% (95% CI: 93.4–100.0), and duration of response was immature at this point in time with a censoring rate of 56.9% where the median point estimate was 13.6 months (95% CI: 11.1–18.2). Post-progression EGFR T790M was seen in 7 of 9 (78%; 95% CI: 45.3–93.7) pts with 30-day follow-up NGS results in which EGFR activating mutation was detected. Grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events reported in >5% of pts were ALT increased (23.2%), hypertension (22.0%), and AST increased (12.2%). Conclusions: With a 1-year PFS rate of 65.0%, the primary endpoint of RELAY+ was met. The efficacy of RAM+GEF in RELAY+ was similar to that of RAM+ERL in RELAY, and the safety profile of the combination was similar to that of the individual drugs. Clinical trial information: NCT02411448 .

scholarly journals Remittance Received by Households of Western Chitwan Valley, Nepal: Does Migrant’s Destination Make a Difference?

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The Other ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
High Earning ◽  
Chitwan Valley ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Domestic Migrants

Studies on migration in Nepal primarily focused on the causes of migration, in general. While a few studies examined the remittances received or sent by migrants, there is little information about the variation in remittances received by households by migrant’s destination. Thus, this exploratory study attempts to answer: Does the extent to which households receive remittances vary by migrant’s destination? Using the data collected in 2013 from the western Chitwan Valley of Nepal, the findings from multivariate analysis reveal that net of controls, both the receipt (whether a household received any remittance or not) as well as the amount of remittances received by a household varied by migrant’s destination. Evidence suggests that households are less likely to receive remittances from migrants working in India (a country of low earning potential) as compared to those working in Nepal. On the other hand, households received significantly more amount of remittances from migrants working in countries with high earning potentials (such as Middle East, East or South East Asia, and America, Australia and Europe) as compared to the domestic migrants who were working inside of Nepal but outside of Chitwan. Adjusting for other factors, the largest amount of remittances was received from migrants working in the East or South East Asian countries (e.g. South Korea, Malaysia, Japan) followed by those in America, Australia, and Europe and the Middle East. The insights gained from this exploratory study are discussed.

Maxims of Foreign Policy

Itinerario ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-79
Author(s):  
W.J. Boot
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
Japanese Identity

In the pre-modern period, Japanese identity was articulated in contrast with China. It was, however, articulated in reference to criteria that were commonly accepted in the whole East-Asian cultural sphere; criteria, therefore, that were Chinese in origin.One of the fields in which Japan's conception of a Japanese identity was enacted was that of foreign relations, i.e. of Japan's relations with China, the various kingdoms in Korea, and from the second half of the sixteenth century onwards, with the Portuguese, Spaniards, Dutchmen, and the Kingdom of the Ryūkū.

Classifying Disfluencies in Preschool- and School-Age Spanish–English Bilinguals Who Do Not Stutter: An Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Raúl Rojas ◽  
Farzan Irani
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Narrative Production ◽  
Language Measures ◽  
Mean Length Of Utterance

Purpose This exploratory study examined the language skills and the type and frequency of disfluencies in the spoken narrative production of Spanish–English bilingual children who do not stutter. Method A cross-sectional sample of 29 bilingual students (16 boys and 13 girls) enrolled in grades prekindergarten through Grade 4 produced a total of 58 narrative retell language samples in English and Spanish. Key outcome measures in each language included the percentage of normal (%ND) and stuttering-like (%SLD) disfluencies, percentage of words in mazes (%MzWds), number of total words, number of different words, and mean length of utterance in words. Results Cross-linguistic, pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences with medium effect sizes for %ND and %MzWds (both lower for English) as well as for number of different words (lower for Spanish). On average, the total percentage of mazed words was higher than 10% in both languages, a pattern driven primarily by %ND; %SLDs were below 1% in both languages. Multiple linear regression models for %ND and %SLD in each language indicated that %MzWds was the primary predictor across languages beyond other language measures and demographic variables. Conclusions The findings extend the evidence base with regard to the frequency and type of disfluencies that can be expected in bilingual children who do not stutter in grades prekindergarten to Grade 4. The data indicate that %MzWds and %ND can similarly index the normal disfluencies of bilingual children during narrative production. The potential clinical implications of the findings from this study are discussed.

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