The politics of turning rape into “nonconsensual sex”

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Breanne Fahs
Keyword(s):  
Nonconsensual Sex

Bestiality

2020 ◽  
pp. 327-350
Author(s):  
Stuart P. Green
Keyword(s):  
Animal Rights ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Nonconsensual Sex ◽  
Do So

The focus of this chapter is on bestiality, involving sex between humans and nonhuman animals. Some animal rights and feminist scholars have suggested that bestiality should be thought of as a form of nonconsensual sex. But to do so presupposes that animals can be harmed or wronged within the meaning of the liberal harm and wrong principles, which is far from clear. And even assuming that it does make sense to think of bestiality as involving nonconsensual sex, it needs to be asked if there is a coherent justification for criminalizing such conduct while so many other serious harms and wrongs to animals, including with respect to their sexual functions (such as breeding, neutering, spaying, and castrating) go unrestricted. Central here is the question of whether bestiality fits within the narrow sliver of animal mistreatment that is, under current law, considered sufficiently cruel to merit criminalization.

scholarly journals Forced sexual relations among married young women in developing countries

2004 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Young People ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
World Health ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Recommendations For Action ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Nonconsensual Sex

Recent research in developing countries suggests that a considerable number of young women may experience forced sex within marriage, but most women may be inhibited from reporting these experiences due to shame, fear of reprisal, or deep-rooted unequal gender norms. In September 2003, a global consultative meeting on nonconsensual sex among young people in developing countries was held in New Delhi, India. The meeting was organized by the Population Council in collaboration with World Health Organization/Department of Reproductive Health and Research, and Family Health International/YouthNet. Participants included researchers, legal analysts, representatives from community-based NGOs, policy-makers, and young people themselves. Papers highlighting the nature and prevalence of coercion among married young women were presented. Sessions examined the following issues in relation to nonconsensual sex: experiences of young females and males: prevalence, forms, and contexts; youth perspectives; patterns of transactional sex; roles of the legal system; outcomes of coercion at the individual and community level; interventions to prevent nonconsensual sex and to support and treat victims; and research design and methods. Several recommendations for action to address factors that heighten young women’s vulnerability to coercive sexual relationships within marriage were presented.

Sexual risk behavior and HIV infection among adolescents in secondary schools in Jos, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
C John ◽  
SN Okolo ◽  
C Isichei
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Sexual Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Nonconsensual Sex ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviours

Background: In adolescents sexual risk behaviours are believed to enhance the transmission of HIV infection. This study, therefore aims to examine prevalent sexual risk behaviours of adolescents in secondary schools in a town in northern Nigeria and its relation to HIV infection.Method: A total of 883 subjects drawn from 10 schools out of 37, were recruited for the study. Structured self administered questionnaire was given to each subject. Consenting subjects received group pretest counseling and had HIV screening using Determine HIV test kits. HIV positive subjects had confirmatory test using Unigold test kit.Result: Males accounted for 42.5% (374) out of the 883 students studied. Of this, 169 (19.2%) were sexually active. Mean age at sexual debut was 13.8±2.9 years; 13.3±2.7 years for males and 14.6±3.2 years for females, p=0.006. Males 101 (27%) were more sexually experienced as against 13.4% of the females, p<0.0001. Among the sexually active37.6% had two or more sex partners, and 63.9% of them never used condoms. In the sexually active, 54 (42.5%) had nonconsensual sex (NCS), with more of NCS occurring in younger subjects p<0.0001, more females p<0.0001, associated with less condom use (p=0.02). Nine (eight females and one male) of the 883 subjects tested HIV positive. among the sexually active subjects, only four tested HIV positive. Condom use among the sexually active, HIV positive subjects was 25%.Conclusion: Prevalent sexual risk behaviors noted were early sexual debut, nonconsensual sex, unprotected sex and multiple sex partners.Key words: Adolescents, Sexual risk behavior, HIV infection, Jos

Communicating About Affirmative Consent: How the Threat of Punishment Affects Policy Support and Gender Stereotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (21) ◽  
pp. 3344-3366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine E. Tinkler ◽  
Jody Clay-Warner ◽  
Malissa Alinor
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Campus Sexual Assault ◽  
Gender Beliefs ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Voluntary Consent ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Nonconsensual Sex ◽  
Harassment Policy ◽  
Affirmative Consent

Colleges are increasingly adopting “affirmative consent” policies, which require students to obtain conscious and voluntary consent at each stage of sexual activity. Although this is an important step forward in violence prevention, very little is known about how best to present the policies to students. This is important, as research on sexual harassment policy training finds that training can reinforce traditional gender beliefs, which undermines policy goals. Building on this literature, we argue that affirmative consent policy trainings emphasizing punishment will increase support for affirmative consent but will reinforce traditional gender beliefs. We tested our predictions with an experiment in which we randomly assigned undergraduate participants to one of three conditions where they read an excerpt of (a) an affirmative consent policy that emphasized the threat of punishment, (b) an affirmative consent policy that emphasized a normative/moral message, or (c) an ergonomic workstation policy that served as our control condition. We found that punishment framing increased men’s support for the policy, had no effect on their likelihood to comply, and increased their perception that “most people” hold men to be more powerful than women. For women, the punishment and normative framings increased support equally, but the normative framing actually decreased likelihood to comply. The policy conditions had no effect on women’s gender beliefs. The results suggest that while an emphasis on punishment can help legitimate nonconsensual sex as a social problem, it will not necessarily increase college students’ compliance with affirmative consent, and runs the risk of activating essentialist stereotypes about gender difference. As the issue of campus sexual assault becomes increasingly politicized and contested, our findings highlight the need for more research.

Introduction of a proforma in the management of under age attendees at a genitourinary clinic

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Holkar ◽  
K E Rogstad
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Case Note ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
Barrier Methods ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Nonconsensual Sex ◽  
Case Note Review

The aim of this review was evaluation of a recently developed proforma for improving assessment and management of patients under the age of 16 in the genitourinary (GU) medicine clinic. A case-note review of all under-16s attending between June 2000 and March 2001 was undertaken (109 patients). Comparison with review from 1998 prior to proforma introduction was carried out. In all, 99 proformas were completed. Fewer young patients were seen solely by junior doctors since proforma introduction (27–45%) ( P=0.012), more were referred to health advisors (79% versus 66%) ( P=0.056), but follow-up remains suboptimal (72% versus 78%). Possibility of abuse was assessed in 102 patients (17 cases of nonconsensual sex versus six in 1998). In all, 54% were using no contraception and only 21% were consistently using barrier methods; 41% had sexually transmitted infections diagnosed. The proforma is useful for collecting data and directing management when completed fully, and has revealed greater numbers of children involved in risky behaviour and abuse.

scholarly journals Presupposition and Consent

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Ethics ◽  
Consent Theory ◽  
Nonconsensual Sex

I argue that “consent” language presupposes that the contemplated action is or would be at someone else’s behest. When one does something for another reason—for example, when one elects independently to do something, or when one accepts an invitation to do something—it is linguistically inappropriate to describe the actor as “consenting” to it; but it is also inappropriate to describe them as “not consenting” to it. A consequence of this idea is that “consent” is poorly suited to play its canonical central role in contemporary sexual ethics. But this does not mean that nonconsensual sex can be morally permissible. Consent language, I’ll suggest, carries the conventional presupposition that that which is or might be consented to is at someone else’s behest. One implication will be a new kind of support for feminist critiques of consent theory in sexual ethics.

scholarly journals The adverse health and social outcomes of sexual coercion: Experiences of young women in developing countries

2004 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Sexual Initiation ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Nonconsensual Sex

Although evidence from developing countries is limited, what is available suggests that significant numbers of young women have experienced coercive sex. Studies in diverse settings in Africa, Asia, and Latin America reveal that forced sexual initiation and experiences are not uncommon in all of these settings. Many young victims of abuse fear disclosure as they feel they may be blamed for provoking the incident or stigmatized for having experienced it, and suffer such incidents in silence. Presentations at a meeting held in New Delhi in September 2003 highlighted findings from recent studies that suggest an association between early experiences of sexual violence and a range of adverse physical and mental health and social outcomes. Given that data on the consequences of nonconsensual sex are limited and restricted to a few geographical settings, the scale of the problem and its implications for policies and programs are yet to be established. As noted in this document, presentations at the New Delhi meeting highlighted the need for urgent programmatic action to address young people’s vulnerability to coercive sex and its possible far-reaching consequences.

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