Universal Access to Affordable Housing? Interrogating an Elusive Development Goal

2018 ◽  
pp. 9-25
Author(s):  
Susanne Soederberg
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Development Goal

scholarly journals Will Universal Access to Antiretroviral Therapy Ever be Possible? The Health Care Worker Challenge

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. e64-e69 ◽  
Author(s):  
André R Maddison ◽  
Walter F Schlech
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Health Care Worker ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Care Worker

The United Nations millennium development goal of providing universal access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for patients living with HIV/AIDS by 2010 is unachievable. Currently, four million people are receiving ART, of an estimated 13.7 million who need it. A major challenge to achieving this goal is the shortage of health care workers in low-income and low-resource areas of the world. Sub-Saharan African countries have 68% of the world’s burden of illness from AIDS, yet have only 3% of health care workers worldwide. The shortage of health care providers is primarily caused by a national and international ‘brain drain,’ poor distribution of health care workers within countries, and health care worker burnout.Even though the millennium development goal to provide universal access to ART will not be met by 2010, it is imperative to continue to build on the momentum created by these humanitarian goals. The present literature review was written with the purpose of attracting research and policy attention toward evidence from small-scale projects in sub-Saharan Africa, which have been successful at increasing access to ART. Specifically, a primary-care model of ART delivery, which focuses on decentralization of services, task shifting and community involvement will be discussed. To improve the health care worker shortage in sub-Saharan Africa, the conventional model of health care delivery must be replaced with an innovative model that utilizes doctors, nurses and community members more effectively.

scholarly journals Millennium Development Goal 5 and adolescents: looking back, moving forward

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S43-S47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P Vogel ◽  
Cynthia Pileggi-Castro ◽  
Venkatraman Chandra-Mouli ◽  
Vicky Nogueira Pileggi ◽  
João Paulo Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Millennium Development Goal ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Mortality Ratio

Since the Millennium Declaration in 2000, unprecedented progress has been made in the reduction of global maternal mortality. Millennium Development Goal 5 (MDG 5; improving maternal health) includes two primary targets, 5A and 5B. Target 5A aimed for a 75% reduction in the global maternal mortality ratio (MMR), and 5B aimed to achieve universal access to reproductive health. Globally, maternal mortality since 1990 has nearly halved and access to reproductive health services in developing countries has substantially improved. In setting goals and targets for the post-MDG era, the global maternal health community has recognised that ultimate goal of ending preventable maternal mortality is now within reach. The new target of a global MMR of <70 deaths per 100 000 live births by 2030 is ambitious, yet achievable and to reach this target a significantly increased effort to promote and ensure universal, equitable access to reproductive, maternal and newborn services for all women and adolescents will be required. In this article, as we reflect on patterns, trends and determinants of maternal mortality, morbidity and other key MDG5 indicators among adolescents, we aim to highlight the importance of promoting and protecting the sexual and reproductive health and rights of adolescents as part of renewed global efforts to end preventable maternal mortality.

scholarly journals Explaining the outcomes of the ‘Clean India’ campaign: institutional behaviour and sanitation transformation in India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Val Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
List Type ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
New Findings

AbstractIntroductionWhilst many less developed countries are struggling to provide universal access to safe sanitation, in the last five years India has almost reached its target of eliminating open defaecation. The object of this study was to understand how the Indian Government effected this sanitation transformation.MethodsThe study employed interviews with 17 actors in the Government’s ‘Clean India’ programme across the national capital and four states which were analysed using a theory of change grounded in Behaviour Centred Design.ResultsThe Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) claims to have improved the coverage of toilets in rural India from 39% to over 95% of households between 2014 and mid 2019. From interviews with relevant actors we constructed a theory of change for the programme in which high-level political support and disruptive leadership changed environments in districts, which led to psychological changes in district officials, which, in turn, led to changed behaviour concerning sanitation programming. The Prime Minister’s setting of the ambitious goal to eliminate open defecation by the 150th birthday of Mahatma Gandhi (October 2019) galvanised government bureaucracy, while early success in 100 flagship districts reduced the scepticism of government employees, a cadre of 500 young professionals placed in districts imparted new ideas and energy, social and mass media was used to engage and motivate the public and key players, and new norms of ethical behaviour were demonstrated by leaders. As a result, district officials engaged emotionally with the programme and felt pride at their achievements in ridding villages of open defecation.ConclusionsThough many challenges remain, Governments seeking to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal of universal access to safe sanitation can emulate the success of India’s Swachh Bharat Mission.SUMMARY BOXESWhat is already known?At least 47 countries are not on track to reach the Sustainable Development Goal of universal access to safe sanitation by 2030 and some 0.6 billion people are still defecating in the open.It is not clear how governments in low income countries can be galvanised to act to resolve this pressing public health problem.What are the new findings?The experience of the Clean India programme suggests that countries can almost eliminate open defecation.The success of the programme was due to factors including: the setting of ambitious targets; the use of modern communications strategies and monitoring technology; and the provision of visible reward and recognition for employees.What do the new findings imply?Disruptive leadership is needed to create working environments where sometimes jaded civil servants are given an opportunity to make a difference.Politicians who embrace the cause of sanitation may find that there are votes in toilets.

Energy Technologies for Sustainable Development Goal 7

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-63
Author(s):  
Govinda Timilsina ◽  
Kalim U. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Technology Advancement ◽  
The Many

Since billions of people from the developing world do not have access to electricity and fuels for cooking, the United Nations specified universal access to modern energy as the seventh sustainable development goal (or SDG7): “ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.” Rapid development and deployment of technologies that supply clean and affordable energy services are critical to achieve this goal. This chapter discusses key technologies required to achieve the SDG7, challenges associated with the expanded deployment of these technologies, and policies to address the challenges. It starts with a survey of technology trends and advances across solar, wind, geothermal and off-grid systems that can have an impact on achievement of SDG7. Then the many challenges and barriers to modernizing traditional energy sources are discussed. Lastly, approaches to leveraging both supply side and demand side technologies and expand technology deployment are suggested. The pace of technology advancement and delivery needed to meet SDG7 requires strategic policy support and, in some cases in the developing world, political will and institutions able to take decisive, sustained actions.

scholarly journals Is Ghana Ready to Attain Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Number 7?—A Comprehensive Assessment of Its Renewable Energy Potential and Pitfalls

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Acheampong ◽  
Qiuyan Yu ◽  
Funda Cansu Ertem ◽  
Lucy Deba Enomah Ebude ◽  
Shakhawat Tanim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Formidable Challenge

Ghana has declared support for the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number seven which most importantly target ensuring universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services. This target presents a formidable challenge to Ghana because the country still relies mainly on traditional biomass as its primary source of energy coupled with a chronically fragile hydropower sector. In this study, we assess Ghana’s potential in achieving sustainable goal number seven. Specifically, we comprehensively review the breakthroughs and impediments Ghana has experienced in its efforts towards improving its renewable energy potential. We note that while Ghana has made significant stride toward attaining energy efficiency, its effort at large-scale biofuel development hit a snag due to issues of “land grabbing” emanating both from local and foreign entities. In another breadth, several pilot studies and research initiatives have demonstrated the possibility of diversifying the energy sector with other renewable energy options including solar, wind, and small hydro. In spite of challenges encountered with the development of biofuels, our review concludes that Ghana retains vast reserves of renewable energy potential, which can be harnessed with the constantly improving technological advancements as it pursues SDG number seven.

Human rights and equality in education: Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
Sandra Fredman ◽  
Meghan Campbell ◽  
Helen Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Education System ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
Human Rights Based Approach ◽  
Equality In Education

This concluding chapter argues that a human rights-based approach to education offers a promising framework for identifying and addressing the obstacles that stand in the way of minorities and disadvantaged groups enjoying equal rights to quality education. It should serve as a blueprint for laws, policies, and programmes geared towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 — universal access to quality education. The diversity of perspectives featured in this book consider these obstacles from a variety of viewpoints, illuminating more fully the complexities that need to be considered in order to successfully overcome them. These conversations need to continue across countries in a way that brings together all the actors and stakeholders in the education system to work in partnership towards a rights-oriented vision of quality education for all children.

scholarly journals Determinants of Skilled Birth Attendance in the Northern Parts of Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwamena Sekyi Dickson ◽  
Hubert Amu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Skilled Birth Attendance ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Skilled Delivery ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Birth Attendance

Background. An integral part of the Sustainable Development Goal three is to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services which include skilled delivery by the year 2030. We examined the determinants of skilled delivery among women in the Northern part of Ghana. Methods. The paper made use of data from the Demographic and Health Survey. Women from the Northern part of Ghana were included in the analysis. Bivariate descriptive analyses coupled with binary logistic regression estimation technique were used to analyse the data. Results. Region of residence, age, household wealth, education, distance to a health facility, religion, parity, partner’s education, and getting money for treatment were identified as the determinants of skilled delivery. While the probability of having a skilled delivery was higher in the Upper East Region, it was lower in the Northern and Upper West Regions compared to the Brong Ahafo Region. Conclusion. Our findings call for more attention from the Ghana Health Service and the Ministry of Health in addressing the skilled delivery gaps among women particularly in the Northern and Upper West Regions in ensuring attainment of the Sustainable Development Goal target related to reproductive health care accessibility for all by the year 2030.

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