Armed Conflict and Forced Displacement

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Forced Displacement

Without order, anything goes? The prohibition of forced displacement in non-international armed conflict

2009 ◽  
Vol 91 (875) ◽  
pp. 547-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Willms
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
The Other ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
State Practice

AbstractAt first glance, merely the ‘ordering’ of displacement seems to be prohibited in non-international armed conflict. However, after interpreting Article 17(1) AP II and Rule 129(B) of the ICRC Customary Law Study with particular regard to State practice and opinio juris, the author concludes that these norms prohibit forced displacement regardless of whether it is ordered or not. On the other hand, the ICC Elements of Crimes for the crime of forced displacement under Article 8(2)(e)(viii) ICC Statute require an order. It remains to be seen whether the ICC adopts that interpretation in its jurisprudence.

scholarly journals “Memoria histórica razonada”. Una propuesta incluyente para las víctimas del conflicto armado interno colombiano

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 15-52
Author(s):  
Juan Felipe Rueda Arenas
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Internal Armed Conflict ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
The Social

“Memoria histórica razonada” es una propuesta teórico-metodológica que busca la participación activa de las víctimas del conflicto armado interno en la construcción de la historia colombiana. El artículo es un aporte conceptual de un estudio de trayectorias de vida de víctimas del desplazamiento forzado llevado a cabo en Bucaramanga, Colombia. Para tal caso, se realiza un acercamiento al contexto histórico del origen y dinámica de la historia, la memoria y la oralidad en la historiografía. Se evidencia el debate teórico sobre memoria e historia realizado por autores de las ciencias sociales y humanas. Y se muestran trabajos participativos de memorias de víctimas del conflicto armado interno colombiano. Como resultado, se pretende que mediante la construcción de memoria histórica razonada se comprendan relatos de personas desplazadas a través de un conocimiento complementario entre víctimas e investigadores, generándose instrumentos contra marginalidades, negacionismos, silencios y olvidos impuestos por centros de poder.Palabras claves: “memoria histórica razonada”, “memoria histórica”, víctimas, historia, memoria, historiografía, historia oral.Reasoned Historical Memory.  A Proposal to Include Victims of Colombian Internal Armed ConflictAbstractThis Reasoned Historical Memory is a theoretical-methodological proposal that seeks the active participation of victims of internal armed conflict in the construction of Colombian history. While The article is part of a conceptual contribution to a study from life trajectories of victims of forced displacement held in Bucaramanga city.For such a case, It makes an approach into the historical context of the origin and dynamic of history, memory and orality in historiography. It demonstrates the theoretical debate about memory and history made by authors in the social sciences and humanities. Also, the participatory memories from the victims of Colombian internal armed conflict are showed. As a result, it is intended that through the construction of historical memory are understood reasoned accounts of people displaced through a complementary knowledge between victims and researchers, generating instruments against marginalities denials, silence and forgetfulness imposed by centers of power.  Keywords: "reasoned historical memory","historical memory", victims, memory, history, historiography. oral history.

scholarly journals Elderly and forced displacement in Colombia

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Lucía Curcio ◽  
José Hoover Vanegas ◽  
María Cristina Palacio ◽  
Jairo Corchuelo Ojeda
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Trajectory ◽  
Hostile Environments ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Objective: To describe the experiences of older adults around forced displacement due to the Colombian armed conflict. Methods: Interpretive-comprehensive study, with a hermeneutical approach; several types of sampling were carried out. The participants were 12 people aged over 60 years, who reported having being displaced and who participated in the SABE Colombia Survey. The data were encoded using the Atlas.ti software. A process of condensation of central analytical, support and emerging categories was made. Results: The displacement generated by the armed conflict has been decisive in the current life conditions of the participants. They know that they are survivors of someone else's violence; there is dislocation, loss of territory, de-anchoring, lack of protection and insecurity. To the stigma of old age, it is added being displaced and being strangers in a place where they don’t belong. They live the violent uprooting of their lands and the confusion of their identity; they found themselves in a foreign scene where they were the unusual and the strangers; from receiving threats, they passed to be labeled as ‘threatening’. This forced displacement stems from violence, but also from fear, and it marks the trajectory of life for older people who experience a prolonged struggle for survival in often hostile environments, living "permanently" displaced. Conclusion: When there is displacement, older people are not only shed of their land and their home, but also from their cosmos and their vital referents; in addition, it changes their life trajectory and their place in the world. Interventions should be designed based on specific particular and contextual analyses.

scholarly journals El desplazamiento forzado tiene rostro de mujer

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Britto Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Women Victims ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
The Way

Resumen: La violencia contra las mujeres, un factorconstante en todas las sociedades, es un fenómeno máspalpable en aquellas en las que se vive conflicto armado.Sin embargo, es una violencia que pareciera, a juzgarpor la manera como es abordada, o mejor, como esignorada, de menor gravedad para la sociedad. Suelehacerse el balance de la guerra en términos de víctimasmortales, la mayoría varones, pero existen gran cantidadde mujeres víctimas de múltiples violencias, y quizá unade las más negativas para el fortalecimiento de la paz yla democracia, es el desplazamiento forzado. Esteartículo busca mostrar cómo en el caso colombiano, laviolencia contra las mujeres expresada en el desplazamientoforzado, es la manifestación clara de patronesculturales de exclusión contra las mujeres, que estánarraigados en las bases mismas de la vida republicana.Y que en ese sentido, el reto del trabajo organizado delas mujeres es la transformación de la violencia a travésde estrategias colectivas de empoderamiento y autonomía.Palabras clave: Género, desplazamiento forzado,organizaciones de mujeres, empoderamiento, autonomía.Abstract: Violence against women, a constant factorin all societies, is a more palpable phenomenon in thosein which there is armed conflict. However, it is a form ofviolence that seems to be of lesser importance, judgingfrom the way it is ignored. Usually the balance of war ismade in terms of fatalities, most of them male victims, butthere are many women victims of multiple forms ofviolence, and perhaps one of the most negative for thestrengthening of peace and democracy is forceddisplacement. This article aims to show how in Colombiaviolence against women is the clearest manifestation ofcultural patterns of exclusion of women, patterns rootedin the very foundations of republican life, and thattherefore the greatest challenge for women’s organizedwork is t5he transformation fo violence by means ofcollective strategies of empowerment and autonomy.Key words: Gender, forced displacement, women’sorganizations, empowerment, autonomy.

scholarly journals La construcción del estado a partir de los conflictos territoriales en el bajo atrato

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Jessica Corredor Villamil
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Peripheral Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
Collective Rights ◽  
The Way

Resumen: La región del Bajo Atrato, en el departamento del Chocó en Colombia, es una región codiciada por actores económicos políticos y militares. Esto ha conllevado a la articulación de diferentes movilizaciones en torno a la tierra y sus recursos por parte de la población local. La promulgación de la ley 70 de 1993, que otorgó derechos colectivos sobre la propiedad de la tierra a las “comunidades negras”, es un eslabón en el proceso de movilización que se ha llevado a cabo en la región. Este proceso fue interrumpido por la violencia del conflicto armado y el desplazamiento forzoso masivo luego de las operaciones militares de carácter contrasubversivo en 1997. A raíz de esta situación, una parte de los habitantes de las cuencas de los ríos Jiguamiandó y Curvaradó decide organizarse para retornar sobre sus tierras. Las Zonas Humanitarias y de Biodiversidad son el resultado de este proceso. A partir de estos espacios de movilización, los habitantes intentan resistir a los intereses de los diferentes actores sobre sus tierras y proponer una alternativa al modelo que se está desarrollando en la región del Bajo Atrato.Este artículo se propone explorar la manera en que, a través de las reconfiguraciones territoriales en la cuenca del Curvaradó en la región del Bajo Atrato, considerada como una región periférica del país, olvidada por el Estado y sus instituciones, está siendo renegociada una nueva manera de concebir el Estado y la ciudadanía.Palabras clave: Bajo Atrato, Zonas Humanitarias y de Biodiversidad, Estado, Ciudadanía, Reconfiguraciones territoriales. ***Abstract: The Lower Atrato region, located in the department of Chocó in Colombia, is a region coveted by economic political and military actors. This has led to the articulation of different mobilizations over the land and its resources by the local inhabitants. The enactment of Law 70 of 1993, which granted collective rights over the land to the “black communities” is a step further in the process of mobilization that has taken place in the region. This process was interrupted by the violence of the armed conflict and the massive forced displacement that followed the countersubversive military operations in 1997. Following this, a part of the inhabitants of the basins of the rivers Jiguamiandó and Curvaradó get organized and decides to return to their lands. Humanitarian and Biodiversity Zones are the result of this process. Based on these spaces of mobilization, people try to resist the interests of the different actors over their lands and put forward an alternative to the model that is being developed in the Lower Atrato.This article seeks to explore the way in which, trough the territorial reconfigurations in the Curvaradó in the Lower Atrato, considered as a peripheral region of the country, forgotten by the State and its institutions, a new way of conceiving the State and the citizenship is being renegotiated.Key words: Lower Atrato, Humanitarian and Biodiversity Zones, State, Citizenship, Territorial reconfigurations. ***Resumo:Entre 1982 e o ano de 2000 o Estado mexicano estabeleceu um importante dispositivo institucional que incluiu a elaboração de leis e a criação de dependências governamentais com a finalidade de proteger o meio ambiente e fomentar o desenvolvimento  local e regional. O Estado adquiriu assim um papel relevante no estabelecimento de uma nova governança com relação ao uso dos recursos naturais, mas qual tem sido o papel que as populações locais tiveram na  construção da atual  governança ambiental ?  E quais tem sido os mecanismos utilizados para impugnar ou aproveitar a normatividade ambiental estatal?Este artigo busca responder a estas preguntas a partir de três estudos de caso realizados em uma área natural protegida no sul do México, com intenção de revelar como se adotam, reformulam, ou evadem as políticas de conservação na prática.Palavras-chave: recursos naturais, unidades de conservação natural, regulamentos ambientais do estado, respostas locais.

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