Relationship between brain structure, function and cognitive modelling

BackgroundIn studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), some have reported specific brain structure–function relationships among first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, but findings are inconsistent. We aimed to localize the brain regions where cortical thickness (CTh) and surface area (cortical area; CA) relate to neurocognition, by performing an MRI on participants and measuring their neurocognitive performance using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), in order to investigate any significant differences between FEP patients and control subjects (CS).MethodExploration of potential correlations between specific cognitive functions and brain structure was performed using CANTAB computer-based neurocognitive testing and a vertex-by-vertex whole-brain MRI analysis of 63 FEP patients and 30 CS.ResultsSignificant correlations were found between cortical parameters in the frontal, temporal, cingular and occipital brain regions and performance in set-shifting, working memory manipulation, strategy usage and sustained attention tests. These correlations were significantly dissimilar between FEP patients and CS.ConclusionsSignificant correlations between CTh and CA with neurocognitive performance were localized in brain areas known to be involved in cognition. The results also suggested a disrupted structure–function relationship in FEP patients compared with CS.

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Cannabis effects on brain structure, function, and cognition: considerations for medical uses of cannabis and its derivatives

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse ◽

10.1080/00952990.2019.1634086 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 563-579 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Alison C Burggren ◽

Anaheed Shirazi ◽

Nathaniel Ginder ◽

Edythe D. London

Keyword(s):

Structure Function ◽

Brain Structure

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Brain structure, function, and genetics revealed by studies of the eye and face

Current Opinion in Neurology ◽

10.1097/wco.0b013e3283052d0c ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 404-409

Author(s):

Sanjay Sisodiya

Keyword(s):

Structure Function ◽

Brain Structure

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Biochemical indices of brain structure, function and ‘hypoxia’ in cortex from baboons with middle cerebral artery occlusion

Brain Research ◽

10.1016/0006-8993(76)90757-5 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 117 (3) ◽

pp. 503-507 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

D.M. Bowen ◽

M.J. Goodhardt ◽

A.J. Strong ◽

C.B. Smith ◽

P. White ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structure Function ◽

Middle Cerebral Artery ◽

Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽

Cerebral Artery ◽

Brain Structure ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Biochemical Indices ◽

Cerebral Artery Occlusion

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Understanding the role of the amygdala in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: association between brain structure, function and delay aversion

10.26226/morressier.5971be87d462b80290b5331f ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jeoren Van Dessel

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Structure Function ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Brain Structure ◽

Delay Aversion ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

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Structure-function interplay as signature for brain decoding and fingerprinting

10.1101/2021.04.19.440314 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alessandra Griffa ◽

Enrico Amico ◽

Raphael Liegeois ◽

Dimitri Van De Ville ◽

Maria Giulia Preti

Keyword(s):

Structure Function ◽

Brain Structure ◽

Brain Function ◽

Brain Anatomy ◽

Regional Structure ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Brain Organization ◽

New Class ◽

Human Connectome Project ◽

Brain States

Brain signatures of functional activity have shown promising results in both decoding brain states; i.e., determining whether a subject is at rest or performing a given task, and fingerprinting, that is identifying individuals within a large group. Importantly, these brain signatures do not account for the underlying brain anatomy on which brain function takes place. Here, we leveraged brain structure-function coupling as a new imaging-based biomarker to characterize tasks and individuals. We used multimodal magnetic resonance imaging and the recently introduced Structural-Decoupling Index (SDI) to quantify regional structure-function interplay in 100 healthy volunteers from the Human Connectome Project, both during rest and seven different tasks. SDI allowed accurate classifications for both decoding and fingerprinting, outperforming functional signatures. Further, SDI profiles in resting-state correlated with individual cognitive traits. These results show that brain structure-function interplay contains unique information which provides a new class of signatures of brain organization and cognition.

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Adolescent Brain Development

Encyclopedia of Social Work ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.1239 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jessica M. Black

Keyword(s):

Social Work ◽

Brain Development ◽

Structure Function ◽

Brain Structure ◽

Brain Growth ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Environmental Input ◽

Adverse Conditions ◽

Social Work Policy ◽

Adolescent Brain Development

Although it was once widely held that development through toddlerhood was the only significant time of tremendous brain growth, findings from neuroscience have identified adolescence as a second significant period of brain-based changes. Profound modification of brain structure, function, and connectivity, paired with heightened sensitivity to environment, places adolescence both as a heightened period of risk and importantly as a time of tremendous opportunity. These findings are of key relevance for social-work policy and practice, for they speak to the ways in which the adolescent brain both is vulnerable to adverse conditions and remains responsive to positive environmental input such as interventions that support recovery and resilience.

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