Semantic metadata enrichment and data augmentation of small museum collections following the FAIR principles

Abstract Gilead et al. state that abstraction supports mental travel, and that mental travel critically relies on abstraction. I propose an important addition to this theoretical framework, namely that mental travel might also support abstraction. Specifically, I argue that spontaneous mental travel (mind wandering), much like data augmentation in machine learning, provides variability in mental content and context necessary for abstraction.

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Deep neural networks trained with heavier data augmentation learn features closer to representations in hIT

10.32470/ccn.2018.1046-0 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alex Hernández-García ◽

Johannes Mehrer ◽

Nikolaus Kriegeskorte ◽

Peter König ◽

Tim C. Kietzmann

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Deep Neural Networks ◽

Data Augmentation

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The Effects of the sphragis on male and female genitalia in Acraea (Nymphalidae) butterflies

UF Journal of Undergraduate Research ◽

10.32473/ufjur.v22i0.121244 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Shannon L Summers ◽

Akito Y Kawahara ◽

Ana P. S. Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Interspecific Variation ◽

Sperm Storage ◽

Male Mating ◽

Museum Collections ◽

Storage Organ ◽

Mating Plug ◽

Males And Females ◽

Comparison And Analysis ◽

Imagej Software ◽

Sexually Antagonistic Coevolution

Male mating plugs have been used in many species to prevent female re-mating and sperm competition. One of the most extreme examples of a mating plug is the sphragis, which is a large, complex and externalized plug found only in butterflies. This structure is found in many species in the genus Acraea (Nymphalidae) and provides an opportunity for investigation of the effects of the sphragis on the morphology of the genitalia, which is poorly understood. This study aims to understand morphological interspecific variation in the genitalia of Acraea butterflies. Using specimens from museum collections, abdomen dissections were conducted on 19 species of Acraea: 9 sphragis bearing and 10 non-sphragis bearing species. Genitalia imaging was performed for easier comparison and analysis and measurements of genitalia structures was done using ImageJ software. Some distinguishing morphological features in the females were found. The most obvious difference is the larger and more externalized copulatory opening in sphragis bearing species, with varying degrees of external projections. Females of the sphragis bearing species also tend to have a shorter ductus (the structure that connects the copulatory opening with the sperm storage organ) than those without the sphragis. These differences may be due to a sexually antagonistic coevolution between the males and females, where the females evolve larger and more difficult to plug copulatory openings and the males attempt to prevent re-mating with the sphragis.

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William Smyth (1838–1913), a commercial taxidermist of Dunedin, New Zealand

Archives of Natural History ◽

10.3366/anh.2018.0521 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 292-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rosi Crane ◽

B. J. GILL

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Museum Collections ◽

Professional Interaction ◽

New Zealand Birds ◽

Public Museum

William Smyth, unable to get work in a New Zealand museum, ran a commercial taxidermy business at Caversham, Dunedin, from about 1873 to 1911 or 1912. His two decades of correspondence with Thomas Frederic Cheeseman at the Auckland Museum provide a case study of Smyth's professional interaction with one of New Zealand's main museums. We have used this and other sources to paint a picture of Smyth's activities and achievements during a time when there was great interest in New Zealand birds but few local taxidermists to preserve their bodies. Besides the Auckland Museum, Smyth supplied specimens to various people with museum connections, including Georg Thilenius (Germany) and Walter Lawry Buller (New Zealand). Smyth was probably self-taught, and his standards of preparation and labelling were variable, but he left a legacy for the historical documentation of New Zealand ornithology by the large number of his bird specimens that now reside in public museum collections in New Zealand and elsewhere.

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Comparison of Nonlinear Spatial Correlation Models by the Influence of the Data Augmentation to the Classification Risk

Nonlinear Analysis Modelling and Control ◽

10.15388/na.2002.7.1.15200 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 31-42

Author(s):

J. Šaltytė ◽

K. Dučinskas

Keyword(s):

Spatial Correlation ◽

Random Fields ◽

Data Augmentation ◽

Gaussian Random Fields ◽

Classification Rule ◽

Numerical Comparison ◽

First Order ◽

Bayesian Risk ◽

Correlation Models

The Bayesian classification rule used for the classification of the observations of the (second-order) stationary Gaussian random fields with different means and common factorised covariance matrices is investigated. The influence of the observed data augmentation to the Bayesian risk is examined for three different nonlinear widely applicable spatial correlation models. The explicit expression of the Bayesian risk for the classification of augmented data is derived. Numerical comparison of these models by the variability of Bayesian risk in case of the first-order neighbourhood scheme is performed.

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Integrating Improved U-Net and Continuous Maximum Flow Algorithm for 3D Brain Tumor Image Segmentation

Journal of Imaging Science and Technology ◽

10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2020.64.4.040412 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 40412-1-40412-11

Author(s):

Kexin Bai ◽

Qiang Li ◽

Ching-Hsin Wang

Keyword(s):

Brain Tumor ◽

Data Augmentation ◽

A Priori ◽

Class Imbalance ◽

Maximum Flow ◽

Magnetic Resonance Images ◽

Tumor Segmentation ◽

Similarity Coefficients ◽

Segmentation Algorithms ◽

Flow Algorithm

Abstract To address the issues of the relatively small size of brain tumor image datasets, severe class imbalance, and low precision in existing segmentation algorithms for brain tumor images, this study proposes a two-stage segmentation algorithm integrating convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and conventional methods. Four modalities of the original magnetic resonance images were first preprocessed separately. Next, preliminary segmentation was performed using an improved U-Net CNN containing deep monitoring, residual structures, dense connection structures, and dense skip connections. The authors adopted a multiclass Dice loss function to deal with class imbalance and successfully prevented overfitting using data augmentation. The preliminary segmentation results subsequently served as the a priori knowledge for a continuous maximum flow algorithm for fine segmentation of target edges. Experiments revealed that the mean Dice similarity coefficients of the proposed algorithm in whole tumor, tumor core, and enhancing tumor segmentation were 0.9072, 0.8578, and 0.7837, respectively. The proposed algorithm presents higher accuracy and better stability in comparison with some of the more advanced segmentation algorithms for brain tumor images.

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Structure and Dynamics of Crucians’ Settlements (Cypriniformes, Carassius) in Water Systems of Eastern Ukraine

Vestnik Zoologii ◽

10.2478/vzoo-2019-0027 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 269-284

Author(s):

S. V. Mezhzherin ◽

A. V. Kulish ◽

S. V. Kokodiy

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Retrospective Analysis ◽

Crucian Carp ◽

Water Systems ◽

Museum Collections ◽

Numerous Species ◽

Extinct Species ◽

Structure And Dynamics ◽

Competitive Relations

Abstract The analysis of present-day crucians’ settlements in water systems of Eastern Ukraine designated the predominance of the digeneous Goldfish, C. auratus, in the region, the number of which made 78.7 %, from the total number of the examined representatives of the genus. The second group consists of gynogenetic Prussian carps, C. gibelio (14.3 %); it is represented by the clone biotype and recombinant individuals. Crucian carp, C. carassius (3.6 %), turned out to be rare and its number did not exceed the number of the caught hybrids C. auratus × C. carassius (3.4 %). The retrospective analysis of literature data and museum collections gave an opportunity to describe the changes in species composition of the genus which took place during the last 150 years. Within this period the crucian carp, which used to be the single and most common representative of genus Carassius (Jarocki, 1822) in the region, became nearly an extinct species. In the meanwhile the representatives of the group of species of Prussian carps, C. auratus + C. gibelio, which appeared in the region in the late 1960s, rapidly increased their number and became the most numerous fish of the Eastern Ukraine. The discovered tendency is not unique for the researched region; in general it reflects the European tendency for the crucian species. The reasons for that are rivers’ regulation and destruction of bottomland ecosystems. The secondary factors for the elimination of C. carassius are the competitive relations of individuals representing both species and easy hybridization, during which the more numerous species C. auratus absorbs the rare C. carassius.

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