The Relationship between Financial Inclusion and Monetary Policy: A Comparative Study of Countries’ in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
João Jungo ◽  
Mara Madaleno ◽  
Anabela Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Contraception in Adolescence: Social Necessity

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Claribel Pazos
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Global Rate ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Sub Saharan

Teenage pregnancy is a global health problem. The beginning of sexual life at an earlier age has an impact on the increase in sexually transmitted diseases, unwanted pregnancies, and the number of single mothers. Each year approximately 2 million adolescents under the age of 15 become pregnant and an estimated 16 million girls between the ages of 15 and 19 give birth, 95% of these births occur in developing countries. Adolescent births as a percentage of all births range from around 2% in China to 18% in Latin America and the Caribbean. The global rate of adolescent pregnancy is estimated at 46 births for every 1,000 girls and of the same Thus, the rate for Latin America corresponds to 66.5 births per 1,000 girls between the ages of 15 and 19, ranking second worldwide, only surpassed by Sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, complications during pregnancy and childbirth are the second leading cause of death among women 15-19 years of age worldwide.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rhys Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
The Impact

This is a brief introduction to the re-emergence of China as a global economic power, emphasizing the role played by changes in the global economy from the 1970s and the internal reforms in China from the end of the 1970s. It describes briefly the importance of economic relations with China for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), and introduces contrasting views of the impact of China on SSA and LAC. It emphasizes a framework which highlights both the direct and indirect impacts of China on the two regions, and identifies both positive and negative effects. It provides an outline of the main parts and chapters of the book.

China’s Economic Impacts on Latin America

2018 ◽  
pp. 254-283
Author(s):  
Rhys Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

The chapter considers three aspects of China’s economic impact on Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). It looks first at the direct and indirect effects of increased Chinese demand for commodities, which benefitted a number of LAC economies in the short and medium term. China’s role in financing and building infrastructure in the region has been less significant than in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The impact on manufacturing has been of much greater concern, with all the main countries in the region facing increased competition in the domestic market, and those that had developed significant exports of manufactures also losing out in third markets. Three case studies of Brazil, Mexico, and Chile illustrate different patterns of economic relations between China and Latin America.

scholarly journals 1393. Loss to Follow-up Rate in the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis by Region of Origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S781-S782
Author(s):  
Hikari Yoshii ◽  
Charles Bark
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
North America ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Adherence in the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is closely related to reactivation and infection control in the population. However, there has been little research on which populations are at higher risk of loss to follow-up. The aim of this study is to investigate how the adherence of LTBI patients in the United States (US) differs by region of origin. Methods A retrospective, observational study was conducted from 2001 to 2020. LTBI patients were identified from the Cuyahoga County Tuberculosis Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio. Only patients who were informed of the diagnosis of LTBI were included. Patients were discharged from the Tuberculosis outpatient clinic upon completion of treatment or when the physician decided to discontinue treatment. We defined loss to follow-up as a case where LTBI was diagnosed but the patient was not formally discharged. Patients whose treatment was interrupted due to side effects were not considered loss to follow-up. Odds ratios were calculated using a multivariable regression model with patients from North America as the reference group. Results Of 4018 LTBI patients, 1171 (28.7%) were lost to follow-up, of which 950/2314 (41.0%) were from North America. Compared with LTBI patients from North America, significantly lower loss to follow-up rates were observed for those from Middle East and North Africa 30/170 (17.7% OR 0.52, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.31-0.89), South Asia 60/692 (8.7% OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.21-0.78), and Sub-Saharan Africa 69/526 (13.1% OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14-0.36). Conclusion The analysis showed that a high loss to follow-up rate was observed in the patient groups from North America, Europe and Central Asia, and Latin America & the Caribbean. LTBI patients from North America had a significantly higher loss to follow-up rate than those from Middle East and North Africa, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa, respectively. Further research is needed to determine how to intervene in the poorly adherent patient population, such as LTBI patients from North America, Europe and Central Asia, and Latin America & the Caribbean. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

A Comparative Perspective on China’s involvement in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean

2018 ◽  
pp. 321-336
Author(s):  
Rhys Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Systematic Comparison ◽  
Institutional Differences ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Economic Engagement

The chapter brings together the findings of the previous two parts of the book to provide a systematic comparison of China’s economic involvement in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). It compares the history of relations between China and the two regions, and discusses the key actors involved. It shows that Chinese interests in economic engagement in SSA and LAC are broadly similar. However, there are important economic, political, and institutional differences between the two regions which lead to important differences in terms of economic, social, political, and environmental impacts. However, it is also important not to lose sight of the heterogeneity that exists within each region.

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