Foreign Policy Perspectives of the Gulf States

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-37
Author(s):  
Hermann Frederick Eilts
Keyword(s):  
2019 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 656-678
Author(s):  
Imad Mansour

AbstractThis article demonstrates the growing adaptability of Chinese foreign policy to Gulf states’ expectations around issues that implicate them directly or are relevant (such as relations with the US, and the wars in Yemen and Syria). Gulf states reacted positively because China's approach incrementally integrated local demands in its strategizing, especially by finding common ground with Gulf states despite their own differences; China has done so while not being tied to a “hegemonic idea” (i.e. it is not trying to control or define Gulf politics). China's incrementalist and non-hegemonic regional approach significantly increased Gulf states’ acceptance of its interventions, adapted to Gulf states’ expectations, and, crucially, has been altering what these states expect of major powers in general. The article concludes by proposing that unfolding Gulf politics in light of the June 2017 GCC crisis is very likely to present China with multiple opportunities to demonstrate the adroitness of its strategic choices vis-à-vis the region.


Significance As a key ally of Saudi Arabia and the owner of the Arab world's largest armed forces, Egypt is a core member of the coalition campaign fighting the Huthi rebels and loyalists to former Yemeni President Ali Abdallah Saleh. Egyptian planes and naval vessels have already played a key role in the aerial campaign and naval blockade. However, the conflict appears likely to drag on, raising the risk of deeper -- and higher-risk -- Egyptian involvement. Impacts Ground involvement in Yemen would stir popular sensitivities about Egypt being regarded as a client of Gulf states. Egypt's foreign policy will become increasingly aligned with Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Intervention in Libya would be more acceptable to the Egyptian public, who view the conflict there as a more immediate threat. Extended deployment would degrade the capabilities of the Egyptian military. Egyptian participation provides vital pan-Arab legitimacy to the Saudi intervention in Yemen.


Subject Qatari foreign policy. Significance Qatar has adopted a lower profile on the regional and international stage since the accession of Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani in June 2013. The emir is seeking to avoid the problems caused by the more activist policy of his father. His room for manoeuvre has been constrained by several threats that require Doha's greater cooperation with Gulf neighbours, notably Islamic State group (ISG), Iran, and renewed controversy over Qatar's hosting of the FIFA 2022 World Cup. Impacts If Qatar's World Cup bid is re-examined, Qatar is likely to use its financial investments abroad to put pressure on individual states. Qatar's improved cooperation with Gulf states will contribute to the creation of a solid regional Sunni bloc against Iran and ISG. Syrian rebels will make more military gains as a result of more cohesive Gulf support.


Subject Prospects for the Gulf states in 2017. Significance Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) governments are in the process of gradually lifting state subsidies on power, fuel and water, while watching for signs of social unrest stemming from the rising cost of living at a time of high youth unemployment. For the majority, concern at Iran’s expanding regional influence is a key foreign policy priority.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdul, Mughis Irfan Siddeqi

This study examines the Saudis foreign policy towards Iran and the situation in Middle East due to Saudis proxies in Syria, Bahrain and Yemen. It also seeks the growing Iranian influence and interest in Middle East causing a sense of unrest for Gulf States. This article also encompasses the factors under which great Sunni alliance has been formed and the Saudis attempt to isolate Iran at least in the Islamic world. This article is conceptual in nature as it relies to a large extent on secondary sources of data i.e Print and electronic media. It also throws light on the current situation in Middle East and the religious, ideological, geostrategic concerns and geopolitical rivalry of two great nations i.e of Iran and Saudis. This paper also discusses the Saudis expectations from the west and particularly from America and growing ties of Iran with America and the west. It also highlights on silent character of Israel and the rising threat of ISIS in Middle East.  


Subject Gulf-Syria ties. Significance As President Bashar al-Assad consolidates his military victory, Gulf monarchies are carefully studying their options to salvage a credible policy in the post-conflict phase. In 2018, Gulf states have signalled, both directly and indirectly, that they would like to seek some form of accommodation with the Assad government to secure their bottom-line interests in an evolving regional balance of power. Impacts Washington is unlikely to condone rapprochement fully without explicit guarantees that Iran’s footprint will be reduced. Egypt, one of Saudi Arabia’s most steadfast allies, will seek to position itself as a mediator. Russia may encourage rapprochement to dilute Iran’s dominance over Syrian foreign policy. Investors will look for improving ties as a signal that the lucrative reconstruction has begun in earnest.


Subject Oman’s military preparedness. Significance The United States and Oman are undertaking an expansion of US basing facilities in Oman’s southern airfields and ports, placing US forces further from Iran’s missiles. Compared with Gulf neighbours, Oman is arguably better at training military personnel and maintaining equipment. However, its neutral foreign policy means its actual fighting power remains untested. Impacts Muscat will not seek multi-billion-dollar defence deals but instead upgrades and small fleet replacements. Oman will prepare less for threats from traditional adversaries and more from other Gulf states. Some fleet replacements will be rationalised, combined and partially substituted with drones.


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