The Cellular Basis of Central Nervous System HIV-1 Infection and the AIDS Dementia Complex

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W Price
Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 239 (4840) ◽  
pp. 586-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Price ◽  
B Brew ◽  
J Sidtis ◽  
M Rosenblum ◽  
A. Scheck ◽  
...  

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale A Mcphee ◽  
Alison L Greenway ◽  
Gavan Holloway ◽  
Karen Smith ◽  
Nick Deacon ◽  
...  

Virology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 346 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Martín-García ◽  
Wei Cao ◽  
Angel Varela-Rohena ◽  
Matthew L. Plassmeyer ◽  
Francisco González-Scarano

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1345-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah B Joseph ◽  
Laura P Kincer ◽  
Natalie M Bowman ◽  
Chris Evans ◽  
Michael J Vinikoor ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) populations are detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of some people on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). Detailed analysis of these populations may reveal whether they are produced by central nervous system (CNS) reservoirs. Methods We performed a study of 101 asymptomatic participants on stable ART. HIV-1 RNA concentrations were cross-sectionally measured in CSF and plasma. In participants with CSF HIV-1 RNA concentrations sufficient for analysis, viral populations were genetically and phenotypically characterized over multiple time points. Results For 6% of participants (6 of 101), the concentration of HIV-1 RNA in their CSF was ≥0.5 log copies/mL above that of plasma (ie, CSF escape). We generated viral envelope sequences from CSF of 3 participants. One had a persistent CSF escape population that was macrophage-tropic, partially drug resistant, genetically diverse, and closely related to a minor macrophage-tropic lineage present in the blood prior to viral suppression and enriched for after ART. Two participants (1 suppressed and 1 not) had transient CSF escape populations that were R5 T cell-tropic with little genetic diversity. Conclusions Extensive analysis of viral populations in 1 participant revealed that CSF escape was from a persistently replicating population, likely in macrophages/microglia, present in the CNS over 3 years of ART. CSF escape in 2 other participants was likely produced by trafficking and transient expansion of infected T cells in the CNS. Our results show that CNS reservoirs can persist during ART and that CSF escape is not exclusively produced by replicating CNS reservoirs.


1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Perrella ◽  
M. Guerriero ◽  
E. Izzo ◽  
M. Soscia ◽  
P. B. Carrieri

We detected the cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and granulocyte macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF) by ELISA in the CSF and serum of 30 HIV-infected patients classified as AIDS dementia complex (ADC), and 20 subjects with other neurological diseases (OND). We have found a high incidence of detectable IL-6 and GM-CSF in the CSF of ADC patients compared with OND patients. No statistical differences were observed between both groups for serum IL-6 and GM-CSF levels. These results suggest an intrathecal synthesis of these cytokines and a possible involvement in the pathogenesis of ADC.


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