scholarly journals Interleukin-6 and granulocyte macrophage-csf in the cerebrospinal fluid from hiv infected subjects with involvement of the central nervous system

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Perrella ◽  
M. Guerriero ◽  
E. Izzo ◽  
M. Soscia ◽  
P. B. Carrieri
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Aids Dementia Complex ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Aids Dementia ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Csf Levels

We detected the cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and granulocyte macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF) by ELISA in the CSF and serum of 30 HIV-infected patients classified as AIDS dementia complex (ADC), and 20 subjects with other neurological diseases (OND). We have found a high incidence of detectable IL-6 and GM-CSF in the CSF of ADC patients compared with OND patients. No statistical differences were observed between both groups for serum IL-6 and GM-CSF levels. These results suggest an intrathecal synthesis of these cytokines and a possible involvement in the pathogenesis of ADC.

Interleukin 6 in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Meningitis is not a Useful Diagnostic Marker in the Differential Diagnosis of Meningitis

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
L F López-Cortés ◽  
M Cruz-Ruiz ◽  
J Gómez-Mateos ◽  
D Jiménez-Hernández ◽  
P Viciana-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Infections ◽  
Pyogenic Meningitis

We assayed interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients affected by meningitis of different aetiologies, and verified whether IL-6 can be used as a diagnostic marker in the differential diagnosis of meningitis. We used a monoclonal antibody enzyme immunoassay to test 98 CSF samples classified as pyogenic (15), viral (15), self-resolving aseptic meningitis (20), other infectious meningitis (9), neoplastic (4) and normal CSF from patients with (20) and without (15) non-infectious neurological diseases. CSF IL-6 concentrations were increased in pyogenic meningitis (100%) and in more than 50% of viral and other subarachnoid space infections, and rarely in patients without central nervous system infections. Though patients affected by pyogenic meningitis showed the highest levels of CSF IL-6, only a cut-off point ≥10000 pg/mL was able to discriminate pyogenic meningitis from those of other aetiologies with a specificity ≥94% and a positive predictive value of ≥0·75 but the sensitivity was ≤60%. Therefore, CSF IL-6 concentration is not a good diagnostic marker in the differential diagnosis of meningitis.

Anomalies in Nef expression within the central nervous system of HIV-1 positive individuals/AIDS patients with or without AIDS dementia complex

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale A Mcphee ◽  
Alison L Greenway ◽  
Gavan Holloway ◽  
Karen Smith ◽  
Nick Deacon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Aids Dementia Complex ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Aids Dementia ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Comparison of Seven Formulae and Isoelectrofocusing for Determination of Intrathecally Produced IgG in Neurological Diseases

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sten Öhman ◽  
Jan Ernerudh ◽  
Pia Forsberg ◽  
Annemarie Henriksson ◽  
Henning von Schenck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity ◽  
Reference Limits ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Positive Results

Seven different formulae and agarose isoelectrofocusing (AIF) using immunolabelling for IgG were compared for their ability to discriminate between intrathecally produced IgG and transudated IgG in cerebrospinal fluid. All reference limits were set to a specificity of 97·5% (reference group, n = 211). The probability of a positive test ( p+) was evaluated for 112 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 42 with meningitis, 114 with noninflammatory diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS), 23 with Guillain-Barré syndrome, and 56 with various diseases not affecting the CNS. Agarose isoelectrofocusing had the best diagnostic sensitivity (93%) for MS, combined with a low p+ (0–19%) for other diseases. Among the formulae, the IgG extended index and Reiber's hyperbolic formula were equivalent, giving high (75–79%) diagnostic sensitivity for MS combined with low p+ (4–22%) for other diseases. All other formulae, although sensitive for MS, had a higher rate of false positive results.

scholarly journals Evidence of Oligoclonal Bands Does Not Exclude Non-Inflammatory Neurological Diseases

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Katharina Pannewitz-Makaj ◽  
Ulrich Wurster ◽  
Konstantin Fritz Jendretzky ◽  
Stefan Gingele ◽  
Kurt-Wolfram Sühs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Immunoglobulin Synthesis ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Cerebrospinal fluid analysis is an essential part of the diagnostic workup in various neurological disorders. Evidence of an intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis, as demonstrated by Reiber’s diagram or the more sensitive oligoclonal bands (OCB), are typical for neuroinflammatory diseases, and normally not expected in non-inflammatory neurological diseases. Therefore, patients with non-inflammatory neurological diseases are often used in control groups in studies investigating autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system. However, data about the frequency of intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis in non-inflammatory neurological disease are scarce. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) records of a total of 3622 patients were screened and 2114 patients included with presumably non-inflammatory neurological diseases like dementia, idiopathic peripheral neuropathy, motoneuron disease, stroke, and epileptic seizures. Evidence of an intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis can be found with low frequency also in non-inflammatory neurological diseases. A much higher rate of patients showed intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis as demonstrated by OCB than by Reiber’s diagram. In patients with disorders of the peripheral nervous system the frequency of OCB was much lower than in patients presenting with central nervous system manifestations. Evidence of an intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis should not automatically lead to exclusion of non-inflammatory neurological diseases but should rather prompt the way to investigate for the origin of the intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis.

Diagnostic relevance of CSF interleukin-6

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Gruber ◽  
Philipp Werner ◽  
Reinhard Germann ◽  
Peter Fraunberger
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Glia Cells ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Stimulatory Factor

Abstract:In 1985 interleukin 6 (IL-6) was first identified as a differentiation factor for B-cells (B-cell stimulatory factor 2) which caused B-cells to mature and produce antibodies. Numerous studies now demonstrate the pleiotropic character of IL-6, which has been shown to possess important functions in the immune system, the regulation of hematopoesis, inflammation and oncogenesis. In the central nervous system (CNS), IL-6 is involved in neurogenesis and the response of neurons and glia-cells to various injuries. CNS infections, cerebral ischaemia, CNS traumata or chronic inflammatory diseases with CNS manifestations such as neuro-lupus or neuro-sarcoidosis are associated with increased IL-6 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Thus, the use of IL-6 as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in these diseases is being investigated. In this review we aim to provide an overview of current studies and evaluate the diagnostic significance of CSF-IL-6.

CHAPTER 9: Immunology of TBEV-Infections

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Viral Infectious Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). TBE is usually a biphasic disease and in humans the virus can only be detected during the first (unspecific) phase of the disease. Pathogenesis of TBE is not well understood, but both direct viral effects and immune-mediated tissue damage of the central nervous system may contribute to the natural course of TBE. The effect of TBEV on the innate immune system has mainly been studied in vitro and in mouse models. Characterization of human immune responses to TBEV is primarily conducted in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid, due to the inaccessibility of brain tissue for sample collection. Natural killer (NK) cells and T cells are activated during the second (meningo-encephalitic) phase of TBE. The potential involvement of other cell types has not been examined to date. Immune cells from peripheral blood, in particular neutrophils, T cells, B cells and NK cells, infiltrate into the cerebrospinal fluid of TBE patients.

Mills' syndrome. A clinical case of a rare degenerative pathology of the central nervous system

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Konstantin Gulyabin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Primary Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
System A ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Primary Lateral ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Mills Syndrome

Mills' syndrome is a rare neurological disorder. Its nosological nature is currently not completely determined. Nevertheless, Mills' syndrome is considered to be a rare variant of the degenerative pathology of the central nervous system – a variant of focal cortical atrophy. The true prevalence of this pathology is unknown, since this condition is more often of a syndrome type, observed in the clinical picture of a number of neurological diseases (primary lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, etc.) and is less common in isolated form.

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