Reproductive health and maternal mortality

2017 ◽  
pp. 131-150
Author(s):  
Terence H. Hull ◽  
Meimanat Hosseini-Chavoshi
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Maternal Mortality

A Review of Theoretical, Conceptual, and Methodological Issues in Public Health Communication

2017 ◽  
pp. 194-216
Author(s):  
Thanny Noeem Taiwo ◽  
Oyewo Oyeyinka Olusola
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Communication ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Public Health Communication ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

This chapter attempts a review of the dominant issues relating to theoretical, conceptual and methodological directions in public health communication discourse. Through a combination of descriptive and meta-analytical reviews, the chapter analyses evidences from past studies in the field of public health communication with the aim of summarizing findings in order to find a clear path for future direction of research in this area. There is, therefore, efforts in the chapter at reviewing the major theoretical foundations that have driven scholarly discussions in this field from individual to interpersonal, community and institutional perspectives. The chapter also discusses wide raging conceptual issues relating to reproductive health, maternal mortality, child survival, mental health, infectious diseases as well as accident, trauma and emergency. Diverse methods used in studying public health communication were also reviewed in the chapter.

Correlates of Maternal Mortality

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-344
Author(s):  
Anjali Radkar
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Maternal Deaths

Maternal death is an indicator of quality and efficiency of reproductive health services and is regarded as a composite measure of the country’s progress. Reduction in maternal mortality is one of the eight globally accepted Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). To achieve the goal of 109, by 2015, the developing world needs to take challenge where the burden of maternal mortality is 99 per cent. This study attempts to understand the strength of relationship of the correlates of maternal mortality with actual maternal mortality ratio (MMR) to come out with policy implications to lessen maternal deaths. Based on the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-3 data on maternal health indicators and sample registration systems (SRS) estimates of maternal mortality, the relationships are explored. Maternal deaths would significantly reduce when fertility declines, that is, when contraception increases, when status of women enhances, they are sufficiently fed to have normal body mass index (BMI) and have awareness of reproductive health issues. The most prominent correlate is utilization of reproductive health care services. When all antenatal, natal and postnatal services are utilized to a large extent, maternal deaths would diminish significantly. Effective implementation of services is a key to trim down maternal mortality.

scholarly journals Millennium Development Goal 5 and adolescents: looking back, moving forward

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S43-S47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P Vogel ◽  
Cynthia Pileggi-Castro ◽  
Venkatraman Chandra-Mouli ◽  
Vicky Nogueira Pileggi ◽  
João Paulo Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Millennium Development Goal ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Mortality Ratio

Since the Millennium Declaration in 2000, unprecedented progress has been made in the reduction of global maternal mortality. Millennium Development Goal 5 (MDG 5; improving maternal health) includes two primary targets, 5A and 5B. Target 5A aimed for a 75% reduction in the global maternal mortality ratio (MMR), and 5B aimed to achieve universal access to reproductive health. Globally, maternal mortality since 1990 has nearly halved and access to reproductive health services in developing countries has substantially improved. In setting goals and targets for the post-MDG era, the global maternal health community has recognised that ultimate goal of ending preventable maternal mortality is now within reach. The new target of a global MMR of <70 deaths per 100 000 live births by 2030 is ambitious, yet achievable and to reach this target a significantly increased effort to promote and ensure universal, equitable access to reproductive, maternal and newborn services for all women and adolescents will be required. In this article, as we reflect on patterns, trends and determinants of maternal mortality, morbidity and other key MDG5 indicators among adolescents, we aim to highlight the importance of promoting and protecting the sexual and reproductive health and rights of adolescents as part of renewed global efforts to end preventable maternal mortality.

scholarly journals The Impact of Foreign Aid on Maternal Mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Banchani ◽  
Liam Swiss
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Health ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Impact

In 2010, the G8 placed renewed focus on maternal health via the Muskoka Initiative by committing to spend an additional $5 billion on maternal, newborn, and child health before 2015. Following the end of the Millennium Development Goals and the advent of the Sustainable Development Goals, maternal health issues have continued to feature prominently on the global health agenda. Despite these substantial investments of foreign aid over the past decade, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of foreign aid in reducing maternal mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Using data from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, the World Development Indicators and the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, this study analyzes the effects of aid on maternal health in a sample of 130 LMICs from 1996 through 2015. Our results show that the effects of total foreign aid on maternal mortality are limited, but that aid allocated to the reproductive health sector and directly at maternal health is associated with significant reductions in maternal mortality. Given these targeted effects, it is important to channel more donor assistance to the promotion of reproductive health and contraceptive use among women as it serves as a tool towards the reduction of maternal mortality.

Reproductive History and Pregnancy Incidence of Malian and Beninese Sex Workers Before and Suring Sex Work Practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gentiane Perrault Sullivan ◽  
Fernand Aimé Guédou ◽  
Fatoumata Korika Tounkara ◽  
Luc Béhanzin ◽  
Nana Camara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Reproductive History ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Therapeutic Abortion ◽  
Chi Square

Abstract BACKGROUND: To reduce maternal mortality, access to family planning and reproductive health care services is a key strategy. Access to and use by marginalized populations pose a substantial challenge. Sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa are a good example. The objective of this study was to describe the reproductive history of female sex workers (FSWs) before and during sex work.METHODS: FSWs aged ≥18 years were recruited in Cotonou (Benin), and Bamako (Mali), to answer a face-to-face questionnaire inquiring on reproductive history. Descriptive analyses were carried out and comparisons made between countries using Pearson chi-square and between the periods before (BSW) and during sex work (DSW) practice within women in each country using McNemar chi-square. In addition, multiple imputations were used to estimate and compare the incidence rate of pregnancy BSW and DSW.RESULTS: Mean age was 26 years in Mali (n=322) and 35 years in Benin (n=330). More women had at least one pregnancy BSW compared to DSW in both Mali (62.1% vs 33.5%) and Benin (91.2% vs 32.7%). The pregnancies occurring DSW had lower livebirth rates (57.9% vs 74.7% - Mali, 17.6% vs 60.6% - Benin) and ended more often with a therapeutic abortion, DSW compared to BSW, especially in Benin (65.2% vs 25.6%). The level of complications associated with therapeutic abortion was high, both DSW (23%) and BSW (20%). The incidence rate of pregnancy was about twice lower DSW compared to BSW [incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.49; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.37-0.66 in Mali and IRR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.32-0.63 in Benin].CONCLUSION: In both Benin and Mali, FSWs had more pregnancies during the period preceding sex work practice, about twice more than during sex work when considering the differences in incidence rates. Single mothers need to be supported to avoid sex work as a financial solution. On the other hand, the reproductive needs of FSWs need to be acknowledged to reduce maternal mortality within this marginalized population. It is of paramount importance that interventions remain focused on reproductive health and prevent unwanted pregnancies, answer contraceptive needs and provide safe therapeutic abortions.

A Review of Theoretical, Conceptual, and Methodological Issues in Public Health Communication

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-51
Author(s):  
Thanny Noeem Taiwo ◽  
Oyewo Oyeyinka Olusola
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Communication ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Public Health Communication ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

This chapter attempts a review of the dominant issues relating to theoretical, conceptual and methodological directions in public health communication discourse. Through a combination of descriptive and meta-analytical reviews, the chapter analyses evidences from past studies in the field of public health communication with the aim of summarizing findings in order to find a clear path for future direction of research in this area. There is, therefore, efforts in the chapter at reviewing the major theoretical foundations that have driven scholarly discussions in this field from individual to interpersonal, community and institutional perspectives. The chapter also discusses wide raging conceptual issues relating to reproductive health, maternal mortality, child survival, mental health, infectious diseases as well as accident, trauma and emergency. Diverse methods used in studying public health communication were also reviewed in the chapter.

scholarly journals Community based distribution agents’ approach to provision of family planning information and services in five Nigerian States: A mirage or a reality?

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojisola Fayemi ◽  
Gloria Momoh ◽  
Oluwafemi Oduola ◽  
Grace Delano ◽  
Oladapo Ladipo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Primary Health Centres ◽  
Contraceptive Uptake

Background: Reducing maternal mortality in Nigeria has received continuous attention both nationally and internationally. Objectives: This article highlights the outcome of an intervention which sought to address maternal mortality reduction through increasing contraceptive uptake in 10 rural local government areas (LGAs)in five Nigerian states.Method: The community based distribution (CBD) approach was used in the implementation of a three year intervention that targeted 10 LGAs. Two hundred and fifty community members were trained as community based distribution agents (CBDA) to provide information on reproductive health, provide non-prescriptive family planning (FP) commodities, treat minor aliment and make referrals to primary health centres within the communities.Results: Final evaluation revealed an increase in the proportion of community members who had utilised FP commodities at all, from 28% at baseline to 49%, and an increase in the proportion of current contraceptive users from 16% at baseline to 37%. An average of 50% increase in clientele patronage was also observed in the 10 LGAs’ primary health care centres. Most (96%) of the interviewed CBDA agents reported that a drug-revolving system was in place to ensure that drugs and commodities were available. On-the-spot assessment of the service forms revealed that 86% of them had their activities regularly recorded in their worksheets. Some of the challenges faced by CBDA were discrimination and misconception of community members about family planning (38%), inadequate financial support (14%),and transportation problems (8%).Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that the CBD approach played a critical role in enhancing access to Reproductive Health and Family Planning information and services in the project communities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document