The integration stage

2018 ◽  
pp. 87-87
Author(s):  
MISSING-VALUE MISSING-VALUE
Keyword(s):  
Integration Stage

scholarly journals Institutional pressures and corporate environmental management maturity

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuwan Gunarathne ◽  
Ki-Hoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Institutional Pressures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corporate Environmental Management ◽  
Environmental Management Strategies ◽  
Integration Stage

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how corporate environmental management strategies at different environmental management maturity (EMM) stages are influenced by institutional forces in the service sector organizations of a developing country. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a multiple case study approach in this study. Institutional isomorphic pressures (coercive, mimetic and normative) at different EMM stages were used as the analytical framework. Findings The study finds coercive pressures largely shape the corporate environmental management strategies at the reactive stage while mimetic pressures have the greatest influence on the internal integration stage. Combined mimetic and normative pressures influence the environmental strategies at the external integration stage. Further, it emphasizes the importance of various institutional pressures in propelling the organizations in the developing countries to benefit from higher levels of EMM. Originality/value This paper offers a new theoretical approach that highlights the importance of considering the institutional influence of the top-down process of diffusion and simultaneous counter-process of invention by which the lower level organizational actors shape and change their environmental management practices for corporate EMM.

scholarly journals Diferensiasi Metode Penentuan Awal Bulan Hijriyah: Kajian Perspektif Teori Evolusi Sosial Herbert Spencer

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
M Basthoni
Keyword(s):  
Social Evolution ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Evolution Theory ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Herbert Spencer ◽  
Comparison Approach ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
Differentiation Stage ◽  
Integration Stage

THE -- method  of determining the beginning of the month of Hijrah is constantly differentiated. Several approaches have been made by experts to understand the phenomenon, both the socio-cultural comparison approach between the conditions of the Prophet Muhammad's time and the current conditions as well as the astronomical-normative approach to verses that have been the root of these differences of opinion. In contrast to previous studies, this paper tries to find the pattern of the differentiation phenomenon and the background of the occurrence with the perspective of Social Evolution Theory proposed by Herbert Spencer. This study shows that the phenomenon of differentiation is a natural process that sequentially follows the following patterns and stages. (1) the stage of increasing the size, (2) the stage of the complexification, (3) the differentiation stage, and (4) the integration stage.

The trade-off between synergy success and efficiency gains in M&A strategy

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziva Rozen-Bakher
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Efficiency Gains ◽  
Workforce Reduction ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Public Firms ◽  
Revenue Growth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Integration Stage

Purpose This study raises the question of whether the nature of the merger and acquisition (M&A) strategy per se, that is reflected throughout the M&A process, may lead to a potential trade-off between the two main objectives of M&As – synergy success and efficiency gains, which may explain the high failure rate of the M&A strategy. The purpose of this paper is to present a mediation model to explore the potential trade-off that may exist between synergy success and efficiency gains. The model examines whether the change in the workforce size during the M&A process mediates the relationship between the types of M&A and M&A success, resulting in a trade-off. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a sample of 394 public firms. Findings The study reveals that if the management over-increases the workforce size to realize the synergy potential, then it heightens the risk of the “win synergy-lose efficiency” trade-off, resulting in an increase in revenue growth but a decrease in profitability. The results even show that international M&As lead to an “over” increase in the workforce size to maximize the synergy potential, but at the same time, an increase in the workforce size harms the efficiency gains, resulting in a decrease in profitability. However, vertical and conglomerate M&As may lead neither to synergy success nor to efficiency gains, which reflects a situation of no benefits from the M&A for the acquirer. Originality/value The study emphasizes that one of the main challenges in the implementation of the M&A strategy is to strike a balance between the objective of improving efficiency through cutting costs and workforce reduction during the integration stage and the objective of realizing the synergy potential, despite the workforce reduction during the M&A process.

Triple helix going abroad? The case of Danish experiences in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav Jull Sørensen ◽  
Yimei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Triple Helix ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Resources ◽  
The Government ◽  
Integration Stage

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize and make sense of the internationalization of the triple helix (TH) model. Design/methodology/approach – As this study is exploitative in nature, an inductive approach is adopted in data collection and data analysis. The Danish TH's experiences in China are used as empirical evidences. Primary data are collected from in-depth interviews and discussions, filed observations, and personal experiences. Secondary data such as the government policies and documents, companies’ annual reports, and reliable web sites are also included. Findings – The paper conceptualizes the internationalization of the TH into three stages: pioneering stage, exploration stage, and integration stage. In the pioneering stage, the authors see the establishment of each of the three helix spheres abroad, i.e. internationalization of companies, universities and governments; in the exploration stage, the three spheres start to interact abroad and collaborate with their counterparts in the host country; in the integration stage, helix to helix collaboration is emerging. Originality/value – This study has both theoretical and practical significance. It expands the existing TH theory by proposing a model for the internationalization of it. On the other hand, this study gives implications regarding utilizing global knowledge resources and enhancing innovation performances overseas.

The Role of Context in Processing Chinese Three-Character Verb–Object Metaphors: An Event-Related Potential Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 1327-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolu Wang ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Lingxuan Zhao ◽  
Yuqiu Liu ◽  
Binyao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Contextual Effect ◽  
Priming Condition ◽  
Semantic Access ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Target Probe ◽  
Metaphor Processing ◽  
Prime Target ◽  
Integration Stage

Whether and how context plays a role in metaphor processing remains a controversial issue. One major theory on metaphor comprehension, the graded salience hypothesis (GSH) model, emphasizes salience as the key factor determining the precedence of semantic access. Using event-related potential technique, the present study examined Chinese metaphors to investigate whether the salient meaning is always processed first regardless of context. The experiment employed a Prime-Target-Probe paradigm. Three-character Chinese verb–object metaphors were used as the Target proceeded by one of the three contexts (the Prime): (1) metaphorical context priming the Target’s metaphorical meaning, (2) literal context priming the Target’s literal meaning, and (3) irrelevant context as the control condition. The Target was then followed by the Probe, which was always related to the Target (except in the filler condition). Forty participants were asked to judge whether the Target and the following Probe were semantically related. The N400 elicited by the Target showed no contextual effect. The N400 amplitude elicited by the Probe was smaller in the metaphorical priming condition compared with the literal priming condition, while the N400 in the irrelevant control condition was between the other two conditions, demonstrating a clear context effect. In addition, an unexpected P240 component also showed the similar graded pattern. Our results mostly support the GSH model, indicating that the salient meaning invariantly gets activated first before the activation of the nonsalient meaning at the lexical access stage. However, context does play a role in a parallel way either facilitating or suppressing this interpretation in the latter meaning integration stage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document