The Historical Development of the Door From the Middle Ages to the Present Day

Doors ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 89-142
Author(s):  
James W.P. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
The Middle Ages

“Looking for Love in All the Wrong Places”?

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-406
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Christian Belief ◽  
Business Partners ◽  
The Middle Ages

Examining, for a symposium on xenophilia, the views of some of the period’s most open-minded and tolerant thinkers, as well as the historical development of Christian writers’ treatment of Muslims, this article considers whether the term Islamophilia can be applied to any Christian’s attitudes during the Middle Ages. The analysis considers what qualifies as an expression of love for Muslims, the distinction between positive regard for Islam and positive regard for Muslims, and whether Islamophilia essentializes Muslims in the same way that Islamophobia does. The author argues that any search for Christian Islamophilia must be broad enough to encompass evidence found in unexpected places. For instance, due to the Christian belief that Muslims who did not convert to Christianity would suffer eternally, a desire to convert them may well qualify as a stance of love toward them, despite the offense to modern sensibilities that such implies. Paradoxically, indifference toward Muslims’ religion, such as on the part of neighbors or business partners, might also have a place in a discussion of Islamophilia, precisely because it rejects essentialism.

scholarly journals Pompiéři, požárníci, hasiči

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Rudolf Manik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Middle Ages

The present publication is the first comprehensive monograph on the historical development of fire and firefighting services in the territory of former Czechoslovakia, from the earliest times until now. The book begins with a treatise on the importance of fire to mankind and human attempts to control fire in the period of antiquity. Subsequently, the readers will familiarize themselves with the first legislation regulating firefighting in the Middle Ages and the establishment of fire brigades in the XIX century. The author then presents voluntary and professional fire service in Czechoslovakia as well as in the independent Czech and Slovak Republics. The monograph is suitably accompanied by a large number of photographs, memories of contemporaries and period materials, which have not yet been published in the available literature. Based on his long-term research, the author managed to clarify the historical development of firefighting, but also, for example, the firefighting equipment in the territory of former Czechoslovakia.

EXPLANATION OF THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE PUNISHMENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 429-427
Author(s):  
Miroslav Gejdoš
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Academic Paper ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Middle Ages

In the academic paper, the author deals with the description of alternative punishments in the historical context. In particular, he focuses on the historical background of the devel-opment of punishments, the issue of imposing punishments in the territory of Slovakia from the earliest times, perceiving mainly the Middle Ages and the Modern History. He expertly explains the execution and imposition of various forms of punishment in the given period in the territory of Austria-Hungary as well as in the latter Czechoslovak Re-public until the beginning of the nineties. The aim of alternative punishments is to keep the convicted person out of prison and to impose that kind of sanction that will prevent any further crime and will protect society. The aim of this paper is to introduce various philosophical concepts that have influenced the development

History of Foreign Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Gnezdilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Foreign Literature ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Middle Ages

The textbook contain the main topics on the history of foreign literature of antiquity, the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, gives key concepts and terms necessary for understanding the literary process at different stages of historical development.

The Benedictines

2020 ◽  
pp. 217-231
Author(s):  
Scott G. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rule Of Benedict ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Middle Ages

This chapter examines the history of the word ‘Benedictine’ in the Middle Ages. Although it is currently employed by scholars to describe cloistered communities loyal to the tenets of the Rule of Benedict, the term ‘Benedictine’ was not used in medieval Europe. Moreover, its use in contemporary discourse threatens to obscure the rich diversity and historical development of monastic practice in the Middle Ages, because it implies that all monks read and interpreted Benedict’s rule in the same way. After providing an introduction to the Rule of Benedict and its author, the chapter examines the varieties of monastic expression in medieval Europe, and it highlights neglected areas of research in the premodern Benedictine tradition.

scholarly journals РОЗВИТОК ІДЕЇ НАРОДНОГО СУВЕРЕНІТЕТУ ЗА ДОБИ СЕРЕДНЬОВІЧЧЯ: ДЕРЖАВНИЙ І ЦЕРКОВНИЙ ВИМІРИ

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 116-128
Author(s):  
Владислав Сасін
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
The Political ◽  
William Of Ockham ◽  
John Of Salisbury ◽  
Marsilius Of Padua ◽  
The Middle Ages

У статті наводиться історико-політологічний аналіз розвитку категорії «народний суверенітет» в епоху європейського середньовіччя. Проаналізовано причини відродження інтересу політиків та юристів до ідеї народного суверенітету. Вказано на розвиток ідеї народного суверенітету крізь призму державного і церковного життя й основних віх державно-церковних відносин в епоху 128 середньовіччя. Визначено місце феодальних відносин (сюзерен-васал), рецепції римського права та аристотелевої теоретико-методологічної спадщини, звичаєвого права варварських племен у формуванні ідеї народного суверенітету. Також проведено аналіз творчого доробку правників (Джона Солсбері, Генрі Бректона) і філософів (Томи Аквінського, Марсилія Падуанського, Йоанна Паризького, Вільяма Оккама, Гілезія Римського та інших), охарактеризовано місце народовладдя в їхніх творах. Досліджено соціально-політичні феномени життя середньовічних європейських міста, держави й церкви, що спричинили вплив на дефініцію ідеї народного суверенітету в означену епоху. Зроблено загальний висновок про вплив середньовічних політичних підходів щодо народного суверенітету на формування новочасного і ранньомодерного розуміння суверенітету й демократії. Ключові слова: демократія, народний суверенітет, епоха середньовіччя, «теорія двох мечів», консиліаризм, римське право. THE DEVELOPMENT OF IDEA OF POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY IN THE MIDDLE AGES: STATE AND CHURCH VIEWS The article deals with the political and historical development of popular sovereignty in the Middle Ages. The reasons for a revival of interest were analyzed according to the idea of popular sovereignty. Also were analyzed the characters of feudalism relations between suzerain and vassal, reception of Roman law as well as the works of Aristotle, customary law of German tribes have been used in the understanding of the idea of popular sovereignty. A lot of works of medieval lawyers and philosophers (John of Salisbury, Henry de Bracton, Marsilius of Padua, William of Ockham, John of Paris, Thomas Aquinas) were analyzed in the article. Keywords: Democracy, Popular Sovereignty, Middle Ages, Two-Swords Theory, Conciliarism, Roman law. )

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