Community-Based Epidemiology: Community Involvement in Defining Social Risk

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelino Jr Lunag ◽  
Jessie C. Elauria ◽  
Juanito D. Burguillos

This study confirms that lack of space due to high population density restricts household members and the barangay to comply with the existing law regarding composting. With these, community involvement in the design stage of compost bin as initial stage was done accordingly. The participants were voluntarily interviewed and were given questionnaires, which was endorsed and approved by barangay committee.


Author(s):  
Regina Maria Matos Vianna ◽  
Pedro de Alcântara Bittencout César ◽  
Leiliany Negrão de Moura

Analisam-se as possibilidades de inclusão da comunidade em uma proposta de turismo de base comunitária na ilha de Jutuba – Belém, Pará. Nela, a participação dos atores sociais na utilização dos espaços, no planejamento e execução da atividade turística, para desenvolver o turismo na região insular de Belém torna-se fundamental. Sua participação objetiva-se proporcionar e incentivar o envolvimento da comunidade na elaboração das atividades a serem desenvolvidas. A escolha do objeto de estudo foi fundamentada na necessidade de se priorizar o planejamento turístico ordenado, dada a vocação natural da Amazônia. O método dialético foi escolhido por ser o que penetra no mundo dos fenômenos através de uma ação recíproca, da contradição inerente ao fenômeno e da mudança dialética que ocorre na natureza e na sociedade. Após este levantamento buscou-se propor alternativas de inserção da comunidade por meio da gestão do turismo de base comunitária visando o ordenamento da atividade que proporcionará a geração de benefícios econômicos e a inclusão social aos moradores da ilha. Community-based tourism: study of the relationship of local actors with the policies involved in the insular region of Belém (PA, Brazil) ABSTRACT There were analyzed the possibilities of including of a community on a proposal for community-based tourism in Jutuba island – Belém, Pará. Here, the participation of social actors in the use of space, in the planning and in the implementation of tourism activity to develop it in the island regional of Belém become essential. Its participation aims to provide and encourage community involvement in the preparing of activities to be developed. The choice of object of study was based on the need to prioritize the tourism planning, given the natural condition of Amazon region. The dialectical method was chosen because it enters the world of phenomena through a reciprocal action, its inherent contradiction in the phenomenon and dialectical chance that occurs in nature and society. Following this survey, there were proposed alternatives to include the community through the community-based tourism management, aiming the development tourism activity, which will provide economic benefits and social inclusion of the residents. KEYWORS: Tourism Planning; Social Inclusion; Community-based tourism; Insular Region of Belém; Jutuba Island.


2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mills

In recognition of the societal and cultural values of ecological restoration several community-based programs have been developed throughout the world. In particular those with interests in the field of freshwater and riparian management have developed numerous programs to encourage community involvement in their management. While each of these programs gives de facto recognition to an ethos typically espoused by indigenous peoples, the concerns, values and localised knowledge of indigenous peoples continues to remain excluded from the management process. In documenting key aspects of the proposed restoration of Oruarangi Creek this paper aims to provide an example of how the concerns, values and knowledge of local indigenous communities can form a major component of the restoration process.


2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidelis Akunke Atuo ◽  
Jun Fu ◽  
Timothy John O’Connell ◽  
Jonathan Akomaye Agida ◽  
Jennifer Arubemi Agaldo

SummaryThe scope and scale of wildlife crimes around the world have risen in intensity and complexity, yet current enforcement strategies have often not delivered desired effects on illegal activities, even within protected areas. Tackling the array of illegal activities by emphasizing law enforcement above other options is challenging and potentially unsustainable. We explored the potential for social norms, community regulations and socioeconomic factors to promote compliance with wildlife laws by interviewing 334 respondents in 28 villages that share boundaries with protected areas in Nigeria. Using an anonymous direct questioning approach, we recorded a high prevalence of non-compliance behaviours in all studied communities. Injunctive norms (i.e., perceptions of acceptable behaviour within a social group) significantly predicted compliance, as respondents with no complicit friends or family members were more likely to comply with wildlife regulations. Perceived likelihood of community-level sanctions played a more salient role than the fear of arrest by rangers in influencing compliance. In addition, non-compliance increased with number of dependents, but reduced with average monthly household income. Our study demonstrates that clear knowledge of the social norms that drive local behaviour as well as the authorities that enforce them is integral to understanding the forces that drive community involvement and participation in conservation. Incorporating local communities in planning enforcement interventions may help protect threatened species and landscapes.


Author(s):  
Todd B. Ziegler ◽  
Chris M. Coombe ◽  
Zachary E. Rowe ◽  
Sarah J. Clark ◽  
Carina J. Gronlund ◽  
...  

Extreme summertime heat is a significant public health threat that disproportionately impacts vulnerable urban populations. Research on health impacts of climate change (including increasing intensity, duration, and frequency of hot weather) is sometimes designed and implemented without the involvement of the communities being studied, i.e., “community-placed” not “community-based.” We describe how the Heatwaves, Housing, and Health: Increasing Climate Resiliency in Detroit (HHH) partnership engaged relevant communities by integrating a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach into an existing, academic-designed research project through a steering committee of community and academic partners. Using a case study approach, we analyze program documentation, partnership evaluation questionnaires, and HHH steering committee meeting notes. We describe the CBPR process by which we successfully collected research data in Detroit during summer 2016, engaged in collaborative analysis of data, and shared results with Detroit residents. Evaluations of the partnership over 2 years show community involvement in research; enhanced capacities; success in securing new grant funding; and ways that CBPR strengthened the validity, relevance, and translation of research. Engaging communities as equal partners using CBPR, even after a study is underway, can strengthen research to understand and address the impacts of extreme heat on health and equity in urban communities.


2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIDDHARTHA B. BAJRACHARYA ◽  
PETER A. FURLEY ◽  
ADRIAN C. NEWTON

Community-based approaches to decision-making in the management of protected areas are increasingly being implemented in many areas. However information on the outcome of these approaches for conservation is often lacking. In this study, the effectiveness of community-based approaches for conservation of biodiversity was examined in Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) (Nepal) through a combination of ecological assessments and social surveys undertaken both within and outwith ACA. Forest basal area and tree species diversity were found to be significantly higher inside ACA than in neighbouring areas outside. The mean density of cut tree stumps was significantly lower inside ACA, associated with a decline in use of fuelwood as an energy source over the past decade. Social surveys also indicated that wild animal populations have increased inside ACA since the inception of community-based conservation. Observations of animal track counts, pellet counts and direct observations of selected species such as barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak) and Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus) indicated higher abundances within ACA. The community-based management has been successful in delivering conservation benefits in ACA, attributable to changing patterns of resource use and behaviour among local communities, increased control of local communities over their local resources, increased conservation awareness among local people resulting from environmental education, and the development and strengthening of local institutions such as Conservation Area Management Committees (CAMC). However, these positive achievements are threatened by the current political instability in Nepal.


2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1028-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Roma ◽  
Paul Jeffrey

Acceptance and adequate use of water and sanitation technologies in least developed countries is still a chimera, with one billion people using unimproved water supply sources and 2.5 billion not benefitting from adequate sanitation. Public participation in water and sanitation planning and pre-implementation phases has become increasingly important for technology providers seeking solutions to implementation challenges towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Based on the principle that successful implementation of WATSAN technologies ultimately depends on recipients' ability to absorb a technology and adapt it to their own needs, this study analyses the impacts of participatory methods adopted by community-based sanitation (CBS) providers on communities' receptivity of the transferred systems. A fieldwork activity was undertaken in Indonesia and a multiple case study approach adopted to analyse indicators of receptivity of the transferred technologies. Conclusions show that community involvement through participatory methods in the implementation of CBS systems can enhance the process of acceptance and management of the technologies, thereby increasing the progress towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.Titi WIDANINGSIH ◽  
Rahtika DIANA ◽  
Arry RAHAYUNIANTO

The Setu Babakan tourism area has been designated as a Betawi cultural tourism area by the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta in 2000. Setu Babakan has three tourism objects culture, nature and agro. It has been established as a cultural heritage for more than 15 years, but the level of tourist visits still low. This research will analyze factors of Community-Based Cultural Tourism Development in the Setu Babakan tourism area, both tourism object factors and community participation include several dimensions, (1) objects, (2) access, (3) facilities, (4) participation, (5) support, (6) benefits, (7) revenue. The study was conducted by distributing 81 questionnaires to surrounding community in the area. The results of the MDS analysis in dimensions of the attractions are in the good category of 80.57. Dimensions of access, infrastructure, community support for tourism development, public attitudes towards tourists are in the good categories of 84.64, 80.39, 81.87, and 75.62. Dimension of community participation and benefits perceived by the community is in the unfavorable category of 44.69% and 46.29. Community involvement needs to be increased so it can increase tourist visits. The sustainability of Setu Babakan as a cultural tourism area is maintained because the existence of it can really be felt by the local community.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelino Jr Lunag ◽  
Jessie C. Elauria ◽  
Juanito D. Burguillos

This study confirms that lack of space due to high population density restricts household members and the barangay to comply with the existing law regarding composting. With these, community involvement in the design stage of compost bin as initial stage was done accordingly. The participants were voluntarily interviewed and were given questionnaires, which was endorsed and approved by barangay committee.


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