scholarly journals Nitrogen Balance and Nitrogen Utilization Rate with Special Reference to Protein-Energy Interactions

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Masaaki SHIMANUKI
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Protein Energy

scholarly journals Transcriptome profilings reveal the candidate genes, pathways and transcription factors related to nitrogen utilization and excessive nitrogen stress in perennial ryegrass.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinruizhi Li ◽  
Mengdi Wang ◽  
Ke Teng ◽  
Di Dong ◽  
Zhuocheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Stress Effect

Abstract Background：Lolium perenne L. is a kind of high quality forage grass, which can provide a good nutritional basis for herbivorous livestock. However, how to improve the nitrogen utilization rate of ryegrass and avoid the nitrate toxicity caused by excessive nitrogen has been troubling people for a long time. Up to now, the molecular response mechanism of ryegrass to nitrogen is not clear, especially under the condition of excessive nitrogen. Based on this, we tried to obtain a new insight into molecular response of ryegrass in nitrogen utilization and excessive nitrogen stress, providing the molecular theoretical basis for solving this problem.Results: In this study, the transcription of perennial ryegrass at different nitrogen levels was identified by high-throughput next-generation DNA sequencing. Phenotypic characterizations investigated that ryegrass in treatment N0.5 has a better growth state than the other three groups. The treatment N1 and N10 contained excessive nitrogen, which had a stress effect on plant growth. Analysis of differentially expressed genes indicated that 345, 105 genes are considered to involve in the regulation of nitrogen utilization and excessive nitrogen stress, respectively. GO enrichment analysis revealed that plant response to nitrogen mainly enrich in two categories, including “biological process” and “molecular function”. KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that “Photosynthesis-antenna proteins” may respond positively to nitrogen under appropriate nitrogen conditions, whereas “steroid biosynthesis”, “carotenoid biosynthesis” and “C5-branched dibasic acid metabolism” had been identified as top significant enrichment pathways response to excessive nitrogen. Transcription factors analysis showed that 21 TFs related to nitrogen utilization were classified into 10 transcription factor families, especially AP2-EREBP and MYB TF families. 4 TFs related to excessive nitrogen stress were identified, which belonged to 4 transcription factor families including LOB, NAC, AP2-EREBP and HB. The expression patterns of these selected genes above were also analyzed. Conclusions: These results made a contribution to comprehend the molecular mechanism of perennial ryegrass response to nitrogen. It provides new ideas for guiding the production practice and variety improvement of forage and even food crops from the perspective of molecular biology.

scholarly journals ENERGY AND NITROGEN BALANCE OF MALE BALI CATTLE FATTENED BY GREEN FEED IN SMALLHOLDER FARMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Paulus Klau Tahuk ◽  
Agustinus Agung Dethan ◽  
Stefanus Sio
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Smallholder Farms ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Sesbania Grandiflora ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Bali Cattle ◽  
Protein Feed

The experiment was conducted for 3 months from March to June 2013 using nine (9) males Bali Cattle ages 2,5 - 3,5 or an average 3.0 years old based on teeth estimated with initial body weight range is 227-290 kg or an average of 257.40±23,60 kg in the Fattening Stalls, Bero Sembada Farmers Group, Laen Manen Sub District, Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. This research be adapted to the practice of ranchers in fattened of cattle that includes management of feeding, housing, and health. Type of feed given during the study was Centrosema pubences, Clitoria ternatea, jerami Zea mays segar, Pennisetum purpuphoides, Leucaena leucocephala, natural grass, Pennisetum purpureum and Sesbania grandiflora. Variables measured consumption and digestibility energy and N, energy and N Balance, NNU and biological value. Data were analyzed with descriptive analysis procedures. The results showed that the kinetic energy (Mcal/kg/head/day) is the energy consumption of 30.657; energy feses, undigested and urine, respectively 10.136; 20.522 and 1.026, as well as energy Balance 19.496. Meanwhile, consumption of  N is 169 000 g/head/day ; excretion of N feses, urine and N digested, respectively 50, 20 and 119, as well as Balance N 104 g/head/day. While net nitrogen utilization and biological value of nitrogen is 58.580% and 83.194%. Can be concluded that male Bali cattle finishing phase in fattening using a feed single forage  the improve energy-nitrogen intake and digestibility, resulting a positive nitrogen Balance and energy, as well as net nitrogen utilization and biological value protein feed is high enough.  

scholarly journals Effect of supplementing wheat offal with varied graded levels of sugarcane scrapping on utilisation of sorghum panicle fed Red Sokoto buck Keyw

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 199-202
Author(s):  
H. Y. Adamu ◽  
A. M. Bolakale ◽  
S. B. Abdu ◽  
M. R. Hassan ◽  
M. Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Four Red Sokoto bucks of averageweight 17. 40±2kg were fed sugarcane scrappingmeal in a complete diet to evaluate the nutrients intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance. In a 4×4 Latin Square Design four dietary treatments containing sugarcane scrapping at 0, 10, 20, and 30% levels of inclusion supplementing wheat offal in a complete diet were used The proximate composition of the sugarcane scrapping showed that the scrapping had, 10.01, 2.98%and 3114 Kcal/Kg of CF, CP andME respectively. The results of the trial showed that significant high dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility of some and the nitrogen balance values were recorded in the bucks fed 30%. It was concluded that DM intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization of bucks can be enhanced by including 30% of sugar cane scrapping in their diets.

scholarly journals Nitrogen balance response to varying levels of dietary protein in slow-growing Windsnyer pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Hlatini ◽  
C.N. Ncobela ◽  
M. Chimonyo
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Quadratic Relationship ◽  
Slow Growing

Protein requirements for slow-growing pigs have not been defined. The study was designed to determine the relationship between the level of dietary protein and nitrogen balance in slow-growing Windsnyer pigs. Thirty Windsnyer pigs with an initial bodyweight of 34.7 (SD = 0.85) kg were randomly assigned to six experimental diets containing 193, 174, 154, 135, 117, and 97 g/kg of crude protein (CP). Pigs were penned individually. There were five pigs in each diet. The faecal nitrogen output (NFO) showed a decreasing quadratic relationship with protein level. A linear relationship between protein level and urinary nitrogen excretion was observed (P =0.0001). The total nitrogen excreted showed a significant quadratic relationship to decreasing levels of CP in the diets (P =0.0001). The apparent digestibility of nitrogen had a linear relationship with dietary CP level (P =0.0005). A quadratic relationship between dietary protein level and N utilization was observed (P =0.0001). The optimum protein level for total nitrogen excreted, nitrogen utilization and biological value of feed protein were attained at 135 g/kg protein level. The efficiency of nitrogen utilization supports the low protein diet. The present results suggest reducing the dietary protein level for Windsnyer pigs to decrease amount of excreted N that is deposited into the environment.Protein requirements for slow-growing pigs have not been defined. The study was designed to determine the relationship between the level of dietary protein and nitrogen balance in slow-growing Windsnyer pigs. Thirty Windsnyer pigs with an initial bodyweight of 34.7 (SD = 0.85) kg were randomly assigned to six experimental diets containing 193, 174, 154, 135, 117, and 97 g/kg of crude protein (CP). Pigs were penned individually. There were five pigs in each diet. The faecal nitrogen output (NFO) showed a decreasing quadratic relationship with protein level. A linear relationship between protein level and urinary nitrogen excretion was observed (P =0.0001). The total nitrogen excreted showed a significant quadratic relationship to decreasing levels of CP in the diets (P =0.0001). The apparent digestibility of nitrogen had a linear relationship with dietary CP level (P =0.0005). A quadratic relationship between dietary protein level and N utilization was served (P =0.0001). The optimum protein level for total nitrogen excreted, nitrogen utilization and biological value of feed protein were attained at 135 g/kg protein level. The efficiency of nitrogen utilization supports the low protein diet. The present results suggest reducing the dietary protein level for Windsnyer pigs to decrease amount of excreted N that is deposited into the ironment. Keywords: apparent nitrogen digestibility, ideal protein level, nitrogen retention, excreted nitrogen, nitrogen utilization

Effects of Sowing Date, Density and Nitrogen Application Amount on Nitrogen Utilization Rate of Guangmingmai 1 Grown in Rice-Wheat System

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Hui XU ◽  
Huai-Yang CUI ◽  
Wei ZHANG ◽  
Jin-Feng DING ◽  
Chun-Yan LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sowing Date ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Application
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