The role of judges of the European Court of Human Rights as guardians of fundamental rights of the individual

2016 ◽  
pp. 329-351
Author(s):  
David Thór Björgvinsson
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Individual

scholarly journals Role of Armed Police Force, Nepal to Protect and Promotion of Human Rights

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Surya Prasad Timilsena
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Police Services ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Human Rights Violation

 The present article reveals the role and policy of Armed Police Force Nepal in safeguarding human rights. One of the primary missions of the APF Nepal is to protect the citizens from criminal activity and criminal elements and to maintain public order. This duty includes protecting the rights of every citizen. Armed forces have the duty to protect the individual human rights of every person they encounter. This is an affirmative duty, meaning the police services cannot knowingly ignore or intentionally fail to act when a human rights violation is observed. The Armed Police Force has mandated tasks related to protection, promotion, respect and fulfillment of human rights from various aspects. The research has reached in conclusion: Human rights are moral principles or norms that describe certain standards of human behavior and are regularly protected as a legal right in municipal and international law. They are commonly understood as inalienable, universal and indivisible fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being. To achieve this objective APF Nepal has adopted zero tolerance in Human Rights violations and following national and international human rights instrument that have been adopted by Nepal.

CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS: IV. CITIZENSHIP AND HUMAN RIGHTS

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Szyszczak
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
European Court ◽  
Charter Of Fundamental Rights ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
Court Of First Instance

Citizenship and human rights continue to play an important role in the evolution of Community law. Both sets of principles have appeared in the case law of the European Courts and in the creation of a Constitutional document for Europe. Part II of the draft Constitution incorporates the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the Union. Additionally, the first report from the independent network of experts in fundamental human rights details the various international human rights obligations which the Member States are subject to, analysing Member State policy in a number of areas in the light of the international obligations.1Paradoxically, at a time when greater emphasis is being paid to the constitutional recognition of human rights there are indications of divisions between some of the Advocates General, the Court of First Instance and the European Court of Justice (the Court) on the constitutional role of fundamental rights in relation to access to justice.

scholarly journals Tajemnica adwokacka jako element realizacji prawa do sprawiedliwego procesu sądowego oraz prawa do poszanowania korespondencji

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Natalia Banach ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
European Court ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

The issue of exemption from the attorney-client privilege and the nature of this attorney-client privilege is widely discussed both in the literature on the subject and in the doctrine. In order to analyze this subject, it was necessary to interpret the provisions of the Law on the Bar Ac (26 May 1982), the provisions of the Code of Bar Ethics (23 December 2011) the Constitution of the Republic of Poland (2 April 1997), both guarantees enshrined in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Rights of liberty from 1950. The interpretation was made in conjunction with Polish case law common courts and case law of the European Court of Human Rights. This also presents the view of the polish Ombudsman’s Office. Given that the professional secrecy of lawyers is an inseparable element of justice, it would be wrong to omit the generally accepted moral norms of society in relation to the procedural role of a lawyer. The thesis put forward that the professional secrecy of lawyers is part of the implementation of the right to a fair trial and the right to respect for private life. The purpose of the work was to emphasize the essence of lawyers’ secrecy as an inseparable element of defense of the parties to the proceedings and to indicate interpretation differences between Polish courts and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights.

scholarly journals „Magánélet és bizonytalanság” – A jogi kontrollmechanizmusok szerepe a nemzetbiztonsági célú titkos információgyűjtés alapjogi kockázatainak mérséklésében

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Emese Pásztor
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
National Security ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Intelligence Gathering ◽  
European Court ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Legal Control ◽  
Reasonable Suspicion

A terrorizmus Európa mind több országában olyan fenyegetés, amely a lakosságtól már a mindennapokban is kényszerű alkalmazkodást követel. A demokratikus intézmények védelme érdekében az államok különleges megfigyelési eszközöket vethetnek be, melyeknek a technikai lehetőségek egyre kevésbé szabnak korlátokat. A veszély forrása bárhol lehet, ezért kézenfekvő az állami logika, mely az ártatlanság vélelmét és a konkrét bűncselekményekhez kapcsolódó gyanút félretéve inkább minden polgárra kockázati tényezőként tekint, utat nyitva ezzel a tömeges megfigyelésnek. A tanulmány arra keresi a választ, hogy a nemzetbiztonsági célú titkos információgyűjtés működését miként lehet hatékony külső jogi kontroll alá rendelni. A strasbourgi bíróság esetjoga által kirajzolt minimum a bírói hatalmi ág végső jogorvoslati szerepének biztosítása felé mutat. A tanulmány célja annak elemzése, hogy intézményi, hatásköri, illetve eljárási szempontból hogyan rajzolható fel az a rendszer, mely amellett, hogy megfelel a strasbourgi mércének és a magyar alkotmányos hagyománynak, valóban alkalmas is a titkos megfigyelések hatékony külső jogi kontrolljának megvalósítására. --- ‘Privacy and insecurity’ – The role of legal control mechanisms in reducing the risks to fundamental rights posed by national security-related secret intelligence gathering More and more countries in Europe are being faced with the threat of terrorism, which is forcing people to make adjustments in their everyday lives. To protect democratic institutions, states are permitted to use extraordinary measures for surveillance, barely bound by technical restrictions. The source of danger might be anywhere, so it seems a logical approach by the state to put aside the presumption of innocence and reasonable suspicion related to concrete crimes, and consider every citizen as a potential risk-factor, paving the way to mass surveillance. The aim of the study is to find out how national security-related secret intelligence gathering could be subjected to effective external legal control. The case law of the European Court of Human Rights emphasizes the importance of the final judicialcontrol, but the details are still unclear. The study examines the ideal system of external legal control considering the institutional and procedural aspects, as well as the question of powers, a system which fully complies with the test used by the European Court of Human Rights and the constitutional traditions of Hungary, while being able to provide effective external legal control for secret surveillance.

scholarly journals Potencialidades del pilar europeo de derechos sociales en la praxis jurisprudencial del juez de Estrasburgo: entre la heterarquía vínculo social-vínculo económico y la disfuncionalidad

2019 ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Ainhoa Lasa López
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
European Court ◽  
Charter Of Fundamental Rights ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Evolutionary Interpretation

El recurso a los principios de la protección efectiva y la interpretación evolutiva ha generado una prominente casuística de reconocimiento accesorio de algunos derechos sociales de prestación por parte del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos. Paralelamente, el Pilar Europeo de Derechos Sociales, con su objetivo de mejorar la integración positiva del euro sistema, parece ampliar el contenido de algunos derechos sociales contemplados por la Carta de Derechos de la Unión. Siguiendo estas coordenadas, el objetivo del presente artículo es reflexionar sobre el papel del Pilar en la línea argumental de la garantía de la dimensión objetiva de los derechos humanos de la Convención desarrollada por el juez de Estrasburgo.The use of the principles of effective protection and evolutionary interpretation has generated a prominent casuistry of accessory recognition of some social rights by the European Court of Human Rights. On the other hand, the European Pillar of Social Rights, with its objective of improving the positive integration of the euro system, seems to expand the content of some social rights contemplated by the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. Following these coordinates, the objective of this article is to reflect on the role of Pilar in the line of reasoning of guaranteeing the objective dimension of human rights of the Convention developed by the judge of Strasbourg.

Legal Gender Beyond the Binary

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-429
Author(s):  
Susanne Lilian Gössl ◽  
Berit Völzmann
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The article explores the fundamental rights regarding a person’s status registration as neither male nor female and, thus, gender registrations ‘beyond the binary’. The authors analyse the fundamental rights of the individual as codified in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and examine ‘third options’ in jurisdictions and recent court decisions in Europe. They analyse to what extent similar results might be achieved at the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR).

The Echr Implications of the Investigation Provisions of the Draft Competition Regulation

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Riley
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Notification System ◽  
National Courts ◽  
European Court ◽  
Council Regulation ◽  
Draft Regulation

In September 2000 the European Commission published its long-awaited proposed replacement for Regulation 17, the Proposal for a Council Regulation on the Implementation of the Rules on Competition laid down in Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty (hereafter the draft regulation).1 The debate on the draft regulation has focused on the abolition of the notification system, the role of the national courts, and the role of the national competition authorities (hereafter the NCAs). However, there is one significant overlooked issue, namely the extent to which the investigation provisions of the draft regulation comply with the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (hereafter ECtHR).2 Given the paucity of the ECtHR's case law in 1961 it is understandable that the implications of the European Convention of Human Rights (hereafter ECHR) for the investigative provisions of what was to become Regulation 17 were not at that time given any great consideration by the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers. However, there is now an extensive human rights case law, developed by the Strasbourg authorities which, it is argued, casts a major shadow over the Commission's existing and proposed investigative powers. It is further argued that the case law of the European Court of Justice (hereafter ECJ) and the Court of First Instance (hereafter CFI) in respect of fundamental rights as general principles of law, does not provide an equivalent standard of protection to that offered by the ECtHR.

scholarly journals Abstract and Concrete Reasonableness Review by the European Court of Human Rights

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-247
Author(s):  
Janneke Gerards
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Individual Case ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
European Court ◽  
Considerable Confusion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Second Category ◽  
Best Fit

Abstract In many cases, the ECtHR is clearly asked to examine an individual decision, such as an administrative or court decision, but many other applications concern the reasonableness of interferences caused by national legislation. At present, there appears to be considerable confusion and controversy with the Court’s judges as to whether its review in the second category of cases should be concrete (focussing on the individual case only), abstract (focussing on the legislative system as a whole), or both (or a hybrid). This article presents a systematic and qualitative analysis of the Court’s case law to find out which approaches it takes to the reasonableness review of legislation in which types of cases. Based on the results of the analysis it further endeavours to answer the question of which approach would best fit the Court’s double role of delivering both individual and general justice.

scholarly journals Theorizing an enhancement of the protection and of the justiciability of biorights in the European Union.

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 204-249
Author(s):  
Simona Fanni
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
European Court ◽  
Charter Of Fundamental Rights ◽  
Human Rights Based Approach ◽  
The Eu

The attention given to bioethics and biolaw has grown throughout the decades in the framework of the European Union, since the first steps were taken in the field of medical products, with the adoption of Council Directive 65/65/EEC. Moving from the EU Treaties, which provide the legal bases for bioethics and biorights as well as for some potentially competing principles and interests, as the four freedoms, this study adopts a human rights-based approach to biolaw and assesses the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the role of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFR) from this viewpoint. Comparison is made with the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, for analysing viable paths of judicial dialogue and cross-fertilization as a response to the challenges posed by biolaw, in line with Article 52(3) of the CFR.

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